Life Sciences Commons^™

Living Snow Fence

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

Blowing and drifting snow has created problems for people ever since they stated their td to the West. Pioneers left Missouri in early spring to avoid deep snow in the mountains and blizzards on the plains. As early as 1905, railroad companies planted trees as barriers to control blowing snow along rights-of-way. By 1915, the. Great Northern Railway Company reported it had planted half a million tree seedlings.

Winter winds and snow have the power to disrupt our lives. Almost every year we hear local radio stations announce school closures became of blowing and drifting snow. Sometimes it's only a …

Meeting Minutes, November 29th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Meeting called to order.; Minutes.; Treasurer's Report.; Membership Report.; Website.; OLD BUSINESS; Credit Card Membership.; Newsletter.; By Laws.; Mann Gulch.; NSA Office.;

Conservation Implications Of Genetic Variation In Three Rare Species Endemic To Florida Rosemary Scrub, Rebecca W. Dolan, Rebecca Yahr, Eric S. Menges, Matthew Halfhill

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Habitat conversion and fire suppression during the last 50 yr have greatly reduced and altered Florida scrub vegetation, resulting in threats to the persistence of its unique flora. As part of a larger conservation project, we investigated patterns of isozyme variation in three rare perennial scrub plants with overlapping ranges endemic to Florida rosemary scrub on the Lake Wales Ridge. All three species have low levels of genetic variation, comparable to or lower than those generally reported for rare plants with restricted geographic ranges. Liatris ohlingerae has more than twice the expected heterozygosity of the other two species, with little …

Meeting Minutes, October 5th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes of August 14, 1999 were accepted as amended.; Treasurer's Report.; Membership Report.; Newsletter Report.; OLD BUSINESS; Video Committee.; NEW BUSINESS; Credit Card purchases.; RTIF Format for E-mail documents.; The Life and Times of NSA's membership definition.; Corporate membership.; Books and Pictures.; Bill Moody request.; Director's responsibilities.; November meeting of the Executive Committee.; Adjourned the meeting.;

Beryllium Biochemistry In A Forested Ecosystem, Stephen A. Norton, Charles Thomas Hess, Ivan J. Fernandez

University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports

High rates of atmospheric deposition of beryllium are toxic biologically and are exacerbated by synergistic interaction with aluminum. The Czech Republic is experiencing growing problems, and similar consequences may well soon be experienced in Maine. An expert international research team would pursue parallel pilot studies into the biogeochemical controls on Be fate and transport by examining beryllium biogeochemistry in forested ecosystems. This project funds the work in Maine and travel for international collaboration; the Czechs are supporting the work in their country. The plan for the pilot study is to develop chemical time series for beryllium fluxes into, through, and …

Meeting Minutes, August 14th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Board Of Directors

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes of 15 June 1999 were accepted as amended.; Minutes of 2 July were accepted as read.; Treasurers Report.; OLD BUSINESS.; Newsletter report.; Membership.; Merchandise.; Trail Maintenance Report.; Mann Gulch Report.; Reunion report.; Website.; Missoula Office.; Base Liaison.; Video Marketing Plan.; NEW BUSINESS.; Meeting Date.; Membership Committee recommendations.; Redding reunion.; Website Minutes.; Newsletter.; Board Terms.; By Laws.; 1999 Spring Election.; Meeting adjourned.;

Meeting Minutes, July 2nd, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Called the meeting to order.; The minutes from the 15 June meeting were not read.; The Treasurer's report was dispensed with.; The membership report was dispensed with.; No old business was brought forth.; The purpose of the meeting was to facilitate the change in NSA webmasters.; Reviewed changes that would make the website more user friendly.; Wrote a personal check so that he could begin work immediately.; Each section of the current website was reviewed at length.; Meeting adjourned.;

Economics And Marketing Of Ginseng, Robert L. Beyfuss

Agroforestry Notes (USDA-NAC)

It is extremely important to learn about the economic potential of the various types of ginseng and how to market the product prior to growing it. Raising ginseng is something that a patient person who enjoys growing things can find interesting and potentially profitable but, it requires hard work, at least a small capital investment, and it certainly is not a sure thing. This Agroforestry Note will familiarize readers with some economic considerations and marketing tips. For specific information about growing ginseng refer to AF Note Forest Farming -3, American Ginseng Production in Woodlots.

Forest Production Of Goldenseal, Jeanine M. Davis

Agroforestry Notes (USDA-NAC)

Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) is a valued medicinal herb which has been collected from hardwood forests in eastern North America for hundreds of years. The historical range for goldenseal is north into Canada, south to Alabama, and west to Kansas. Overharvesting of goldenseal has caused serious reductions in populations reported in Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, and eastern Kentucky. In 1997, goldenseal was listed on Appendix II of the Convention for International Trade on Endangered Species (CITES), an international treaty monitoring trade in threatened and endangered species. Designed to protect the species, this listing imposed controls on goldenseal trade. This …

Farming Exotic Mushrooms In The Forest, Deborah B. Hill

Agroforestry Notes (USDA-NAC)

One income opportunity derived from forest farming is the production of exotic mushrooms. Many of these edible mushrooms, such as shiitake (Lentinula edodes), maitake (Grifola frondosa), lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus, and oyster (Pleurotus spp. feed on the cellulose and lignin in wood. Although a significant volume of these mushrooms is produced under artificial conditions on a substance of sawdust, grains and other supplements, production on logs results in firmer texture and more flavor.

Production of high-value mushrooms on small diameter logs of almost any hardwood species enables a private forest landowner to utilize …

Goali/Iucp: Prediction Of Wood Pulp K-Number With Neural Networks, Mohamad T. Musavi, Daniel Coughlin

University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports

Lignin holds wood fibers together, and must be removed to produce high strength pulp for kraft paper. The Kappa- or K-number indicates the degree of lignin removal by a pulping process, and is probably the key variable for measuring quality in this process. A difficulty is that it is an off-line measurement. More importantly, there is usually a four hour process delay between when raw materials enter a pulping digester and when the K-number is measured. This makes modeling and control difficult. This Grant Opportunity for Academic Liaison with Industry project uses neural network models to predict K-number as a …

Meeting Minutes, June 15th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes:; Minutes of the executive committee meeting held ll May l999.; Treasurers Report:; $5000 from the video fund for Steve Smith to cover current expenses.; how profits from the sale of footage from the video should be spent.; Requests to allow more flexibility and independence in spending.; Membership Report: procedure limits report.; Old Business:; SA's plan to move to new quarters.; Adopt-A-Trail program.; Progress of the Redding reunion. New Business:; Move to new quarters.; Part time employee.; Progress report on the director's election.; Progress of the News Letter.; Ways to boost membership.; Mailing informing former jumpers about the Mann …

Pb1628 Forest Products Measurements And Values, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

Success in buying and selling forest products depends on one’s knowledge of product measurement and ability to predict the current market value. When trees are harvested, they can be sold as whole trees, factory class sawlogs, construction class sawlogs, veneer logs, pulpwood and/or chipwood. Lumber is sold by its grade, which is determined by the size and location of defects. Each product from the forest has a particular method by which it is measured and its market value estimated. This publication explains common forest products measures used in Tennessee and how to estimate the current market value.

Stand Structure And Productivity Of The Rhizophora Mangle In Hawaii, Evelyn F. Cox, James Allen

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

Since its introduction in the early part of this century, Rhizophora mangle L. has spread extensively through most of the main islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago. We investigated the structural properties and estimated productivity of a R. mangle population at Nuupia Ponds Wildlife Management Area (NPWMA), on windward Oahu, where the mangroves were being controlled due to their propensity to overgrow archaeological sites and the habitat of endangered Hawaiian waterbirds. Mangroves within NPWMA were very dense (> 24,000 trees ha^-1) and most were relatively small (only 3.3% of the trees were ≥ 10 cm DBH). Mean basal area, …

Meeting Minutes, May 11th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes of the last executive committee meeting.; Since the meeting was devoted entirely to setting up an agenda for the annual directors meeting, no minutes were recorded.; Adopt-A-Hwy clean up.; Treasurer's Report: treasurer's report and cash flow report.; Membership Report: report.; Old Business:; Mann Gultch remembrance program.; Progress of the Redding reunion in the year 2000.; New Business:.; A better office location.; Hiring a part time worker.; Collecting and counting the ballots returned for the Director positions.; News letter costs and future content.; Adopt-A-Trail project.;

Ecology Of The Malay Civet (Viverra Tangalunga) In A Logged And An Unlogged Forest In Sabah, East Malaysia, Christina P. Colon

Publications and Research

Malay civets in a dipterocarp rain forest were studied from December, 1995, through June, 1997, in the Ulu Segama Forest Reserve in Sabah, East Malaysia. To investigate the basic ecology of this species and explore the potential impact of selective logging, data on home range, activity and diet were collected on study animals in an unlogged and a selectively logged forest, and comparisons made.

Density in the unlogged forest was 1/0.46 km² , and 1/1.07 km² in the logged forest. Mean home range size based on a 95% minimum convex polygon was 110 ha. and did not differ …

Meeting Minutes, April 10th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Board Of Directors

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Approval Of Minutes.; Treasurer's Report.; Financial Health Of The Organization.; Membership And Data Base Report.; Website.; Draft Study, Project 2000.; Travel Allowance.; Base Liaison Directors.; Role In The Future Of Smokejumping.; Mission Statement.; Role In Mann Gulch Commemorative Activities.; Records Management.; Historical Preservation Committee.; Executive Committee Meetings Quarterly.; Elections.; Membership Committee.; Scholarship Fund For Children Of Jumpers Through The Nsa.; Logo.; Social Activities.; Director At Large.; Collect E-mail Addresses For Directors/Members.; Monitor Budget And Dues Structure.; Complete Nsa Brochure.; Survey Membership To Determine Talents Available For N Sa Work.; Review, Amend, And Adopt Position Descriptions.; Solicit Corporate Memberships. Upgrade …

Acorn Foraging As A Means To Explore Human Energetics And Forge Connections To Local Forests, Jeffrey J. Gerwing, Pamela Lockwood, Christopher Uhl

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Jeffrey Gerwing, Pamela Lockwood, and Christopher Uhl describe a rather unusual ecology laboratory/field exercise that utilizes abundant oak habitats of central Pennsylvania. For those readers not blessed with an abundant supply of oaks nearby, perhaps other species could be substituted. The exercise is unusual in two ways. It offers a new undergraduate ecology activity, and it offers opportunities for students to relate other disciplines to their science course.

In "the good old days" of higher education each discipline offered its menu of courses and expected students to make appropriate connections among the courses of their major, minor, and general education. …

Meeting Minutes, March 9th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes: minutes of the Executive Committee meeting held 02/09/99.; Treasurer's Report: report March 9, 1999.; Two new accounts had been added.; Membership: figure for Jan and Feb was probably incorrect.; Old Business: Directors meeting discussed.; Rough draft of a NSA brochure.; Criticism of collecting bases info for Newsletter.; SJ video rough cut.; Video committee meeting.; IRS issues.; New Business: NSA stationery.; CPS reunion.; Reported on the 50th anniversary remembrance of the Mann Gulch Fire.; Dick Tracy health.; Next executive committee meeting for Apr 6 at 07:00 PM.;

Pb1466 Tree Crops For Marginal Farmland - Loblolly Pine, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

Throughout the South the amount of timberland — about 182 million acres — exceeds the amount of cropland and pasture combined. Approximately one-third of all land in the South is covered with pine trees. Loblolly pine is by far the most abundant pine species. Its natural range in cludes the 12 southern states from Texas to Virginia, as well as Maryland and Delaware.

Loblolly pine has spread remarkably in the South east, growing quickly and forming pure stands in aban doned agricultural fields. For this reason, it is also known as “old field pine.”

The early colonists called a moist …

Meeting Minutes, February 9th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes: minutes of the executive committee meeting held 01/l2/99.; corrections were called for and made.; Treasurer's Report: for the month of January.; How multiple year memberships would be handled.; Membership: total count was not significantly.; Old business: Gidlund report tabled.; Drop the idea of inviting base managers to attend the April directors meeting.; Move the date of the annual meeting from the Friday, 9 April to Saturday 10 April. NSA brochure.; New Business: handed out document titled "The Death of Smokejumping".; Adopt-A-Highway obligation.; Newsletter cover other bases at NSA expense to collect information and pictures.; E-mail addresses and years …

Meeting Minutes, January 12th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes: minutes of the meeting held l2/08/98.; Treasurer's Report: treasurer's report for 01/12/99.; NSA tax issues form 1997.; Membership: report.; Old Business: discussed the Adopt-A-Trail project progress and responses to request for volunteers.; Family purchasing a life membership as a memorial.; Alternative methods of holding the forthcoming directors election to encourage a large enough turnout to meet the 20% requirement.; Estate planning in fund raising efforts.; Sale of smokejumper manufactured items.; New Business: Action taken by the executive committee in response to the director's letter of Nov3, l998.; A need to bring the written by-laws up to date.; Next …

Alley Cropping: An Agroforestry Practice, Sandra Hodge, H. E. Garrett, Jerry Bratton

Agroforestry Notes (USDA-NAC)

Alley cropping is an agroforestry practice intended to place trees within agricultural cropland systems. The purpose is to enhance or add income diversity (both long and short range), reduce wind and water erosion, improve crop production, improve utilization of nutrients, improve wildlife habitat or aesthetics, and/or convert cropland to forest. The practice is especially attractive to landowners wishing to add economic stability to their farming system while protecting soil from erosion, water from contamination, and improving wildlife habitat.

Forval For Windows: A Computer Program For Forest Valuation And Investment Analysis, Steven H. Bullard, Thomas J. Straka, James L. Carpenter

Faculty Publications

FORVAL (FORest VALuation) for Windows is a computer program for cash flow analysis of forestry investments. FORVAL was written in Visual Basic and is available from the Forest and Wildlife Research Center at Mississippi State University. We designed FORVAL to be used without a manual. It is user-friendly and includes a Windows Help file. Users enter the data requested for each box on the form and then press an appropriate button to perform the desired action.

Relationships Of Selected Soil Properties And Community Species Composition In Turkey Hill Wilderness Area In East Texas, Kenneth W. Farrish, Brian P. Oswald

Faculty Publications

-Sixty-nine different stands within 15 different previously managed communities were sampled in what is now the Turkey Hill Wilderness of the Angelina National Forest. Within each stand, 0.04 ha plots were randomly located, and the height, diameter, crown class and species of each tree recorded. Soil samples were collected in two locations within each plot, and the soil type confirmed at plot center. Soil samples were analyzed for selected soil chemical and physical properties. Due to the low occurrence (less than 4 times) of some communities, only six community types were analyzed Analysis of the vegetation and soil data using …

Establishment And Growth Of Cherrybark Oak Seedlings Underplanted Beneath A Partial Overstory In A Minor Bottom Of Southwestern Arkansas: First Year Results, Emile S. Gardiner

Faculty Publications

-Advance regeneration is frequently inadequate to sufficiently restock the oak component of many bottomland stands, especially on productive sites with high levels of competition. We initiated a study near Beirne, AR to examine the effects of pre-plant control of Japanese honeysuckle Thunberg) and seedling quality on establishment success and vigor of oak reproduction beneath a partial canopy. Nine, 2-acre plots were delineated in the stand that was harvested a residual stocking level of 30 percent in the fall of 1996. Honeysuckle pre-plant control treatments randomly applied to the nine were an Escort application in the spring of 1997, an Escort …

Financial Analysis Of Pruning Combined With Low Density Management Of Southern Yellow Pine In East Texas: An Assessment, Jayson F. Tate, A. Gordon Holley, Leslie A. Dale, Gary D. Kronrad

Faculty Publications

Time study was conducted on pruning of research plots in a IZyear-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation thinned to 58 square feet basal area (190 trees) per acre. Pruning times with labor and equipment costs were used to determine per acre and per tree pruning costs. Pruning costs were used to find values necessary to break-even on a pruning investment. Soil expectation value (SEV) calculations were used to compare profitability of management utilizing heavy thinning with pruning to traditional management regimes. Calculations were performed using a current hourly wage of $8.00, stumpage price of $400.00, per thousand board feet (MBF) …

Management Of Droughty Site: Typic Quartzipsamments, Ecological Considerations, David Kulhavy, W. G. Ross, L. Allen Smith, R. R. Cahal

Faculty Publications

Pine plantations on Typic Quartzipsamments in East Texas are difficult to establish. Forest management options following clearcutting are limited. A 12 year regeneration study of the growth and survival of loblolly, Pinus faeda, L. shortleaf, P. echinata Mill., slash, f. elliofii Engelm and longleaf pines P. pa/u&is Mill. was conducted to determine optimum tree species and treatments for reforestation. With successful regeneration also comes insects and pathogens. Impacts of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frusfrana, (Comstock) and the Texas leaf-cutting ant, Affa texana, (Buckley) will be discussed in the context of droughty site management.

Four-Year Growth Results From 16 Year Old Intensively Managed Low Density Loblolly Pine Plantations, A. Gordon Holley, Leslie A. Dale, Gary D. Kronrad

Faculty Publications

In 1994 eighty four permanent research plots were established in two twelve year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in East Texas. Plots differed in relation to: soil-site type, density of trees per acre, fertilization treatments, and competing vegetation control. Three levels of thinning treatments reduced the basal areas to 36,60, and 84 square feet of basal area (approximately 100,200, and 300 stems, respectively) per acre. All residual trees were pruned to a height of 25 feet. Plots were re-measured in 1995, 1996, and 1998. Significant differences in diameter and height growth rates were detected in 1996 and 1998. Average diameter …

Herbicide And Fertilizer Combinations For Newly Planted Loblolly Pine Seedlings On A Flatwoods Site In Southeastern Arkansas: Year Three Results, Jimmie L. Yeiser

Faculty Publications

Herbicide and fertilizer combinations were tested for enhanced loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling performance on a chemically prepared, flatwoods site in southeastern AR. Fertilizer treatments were selected combinations of 40,50, and 50 pounds per acre of elemental N, P, or K, respectively. Arsenal+Oust (4 ounces+2 ounces per treated acre) was applied for herbaceous weed control (HWC). One treatment of herbicide or herbicide+ fertilizer was applied per year; the same rate was used for years one (1996) and two (1997). After three growing seasons, the greatest seedling volume resulted from two treatments of HWC+NPK fertilizer. Two treatments of HWC alone …