Life Sciences Commons^™

Fatigue-Induced Sex Differences For Explosive Neuromuscular Characteristics Of The Plantar Flexors, Ben Dalton

Symposium of Student Scholars

Previous research on fatigue using isometric contractions suggests that females are more fatigue resistant than males, but less is clear regarding fatigue induced by dynamic contractions. PURPOSE: To determine sex differences for explosive voluntary neuromuscular characteristics of the plantar flexors (PFs) during a dynamic fatiguing task. METHODS: Recreationally active males (n=14; 22.4±2.2 yrs) and females (n=15; 20.9±2.5 yrs) performed a fatiguing task of the PFs consisting of 60 maximal isotonic contractions at 30% of their maximal isometric strength using a dynamometer. Peak power (PP), optimal velocity (OV), and optimal torque (OT) were calculated from the first five contractions of the …

Chair Rise Kinetics And Correlates Of Performance In Young And Older Males, Tyler Smith

Symposium of Student Scholars

Purpose: To compare chair rise kinetics in young (YM) and older (OM) males, and determine correlates of chair rise performance. METHODS: YM (n=15, age =20.7±2.2 yrs) and OM (n=15, age=71.6±3.9yrs) performed three trials of a single chair rise as quickly as possible on a force plate and the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) signal was analyzed. Peak VGRF (PF), as well as peak (100 ms rolling average), early (minimum VGRF to 50% PF), late (50% PF to PF), and overall (minimum VGRF to PF) rate of force development (RFD; Δforce/Δtime) were calculated based on phases of the task. Power and …

Age-Related Reduction In High-Velocity Power And Myofiber Morphology And Composition, Ben Dalton

Symposium of Student Scholars

Power is diminished more dramatically at higher contraction velocities in older adults. It has been suggested that this may reflect age-related changes in single myofiber morphology or composition. PURPOSE: To examine power, muscle activation, and single myofiber morphology and composition between young (YM) and older (OM) males. METHODS: Power, or torque × velocity, was recorded during isokinetic knee extensions at 60°·s^-1 and 180°·s^-1 in healthy, untrained YM (n=15; 20.7±2.2 yrs) and OM (n=15; 71.6±3.9 yrs). The relative increase in power from 60°·s^-1 to 180°·s^-1 was recorded for each participant. Electromyography amplitude of the vastus lateralis (VL) …

Effect Of High Intensity Interval Training Vs Low Intensity Training On Fat Loss In Patients With Obesity, Jonathan Aaron Deck, Adarsh Gupta

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Nowadays, there are several exercise modalities to lose weight, retain, and or build lean body mass. A widely known training philosophy that has gained increased popularity is high intensity interval training (HIIT). HIIT is based on exercising at submaximal or maximal intensity for a brief period then reducing work to minimal intensity for a longer duration in a series of repeated bouts. The benefit of HIIT is to increase fat loss through the scientific principle of EPOC (excess post exercise oxygen consumption). Low intensity training (LIT) also has its benefits in that it is more sustainable but with the caveat …

Domestic Violence In The World Of Athletics, Abbigayle L. Gesler

ONU Student Research Colloquium

There is an ongoing debate whether athletics is linked to domestic violence in professional athletes or individuals who were athletes for a long period of time. The purpose of this research is to see if being an athlete leads to domestic violence, and if so, to find ways to decrease the numbers. Professional athletes with a history of domestic violence will be researched and this could help determine if there is a link between the two. To get an idea on aggression levels in athletes, the Buss & Perry Survey was sent out via email to all Ohio Northern students, …

A Case Study Comparison Of Two Carbon Plated Running Shoes On Running Economy And Running Mechanics, Caleb Garcia

Undergraduate Research Conference

The advent of the carbon carbon-plated running shoe, in support of the first, historic sub 2-hour marathon, has resulted in an arms race across various running shoe companies in hopes of providing a similar competitive advantage to their athletes and customers. Research has shown these new new shoe technologies can significantly improve running economy. However, of the limited research, most is focused on just one brand and model of carbo carbon-plated shoe. If athletes are to compete on a level playing field, further investigation is needed to determine that these new shoe technologies confer a similar competitive advantage across multiple …

Efficacy Of The Opensim Simulator As A Tool To Detect Changes In Gait: A Peripheral Artery Disease Model, Cody Anderson, Hafiz Rahman, Irakis Pipinos, Jason Johanning, Sara Myers

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

INTRODUCTION

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by atherosclerotic plaques in the leg arteries. A common treatment for PAD is supervised exercise training [1]. However, gait is not fully restored following supervised exercise training (SET). Musculoskeletal simulation may provide insight into how muscle activation changes following SET contributed to persistent gait alterations.

METHODS

Kinematic and kinetic data from overground walking of patients with PAD (n=12), before and after a 6-month exercise intervention, was used as input for musculoskeletal modeling (OpenSim). The subjects in our sample were subdivided based on the location of ischemic muscle pain, as reported on the San …