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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Analyzing The Effects Of Winter-Patch Grazing And Wildfire On Insect Order Hymenoptera In The Northern Great Plains, Kaitlin Schieuer
Analyzing The Effects Of Winter-Patch Grazing And Wildfire On Insect Order Hymenoptera In The Northern Great Plains, Kaitlin Schieuer
Schultz-Werth Award Papers
Pollinators are declining globally, threatening global crop production and the biological integrity of many ecosystems. Hymenoptera (the order containing ants, bees, and wasps) is one of the most important insect orders for pollination of a variety of plants, including many crops, and is important as biocontrol for crop pests, and other herbivorous insects. Land management practices affect plant community composition, which influences vegetation-dependent insects, and consequently affects their ecosystem services. Fire and grazing are common practices on working landscapes in the Great Plains. However, how these management techniques impact insect diversity, particularly Hymenopterans, in a mixed-grass prairie ecosystem, is poorly …
Eucosma Giganteana (Riley) And Sliphium Perfoliatum L., Morphological Variation In An Insect-Plant Association In Eastern South Dakota, Paul J. Johnson, Arvid Boe, Abigail P. Martens
Eucosma Giganteana (Riley) And Sliphium Perfoliatum L., Morphological Variation In An Insect-Plant Association In Eastern South Dakota, Paul J. Johnson, Arvid Boe, Abigail P. Martens
Native Plant Focused Publications
Silphium perfoliatum L., cup plant, has potential as a new multi-purpose crop. It is pollinator-friendly and has biodiversity enhancement, conservation, economic, and medical potential. In eastern South Dakota, S. perfoliatum can produce more than 20 Mg (million grams) ha-1 of biomass and 0.09 Mg ha-1 of seed in agronomic plantings. The giant eucosma moth, Eucosma giganteana (Riley), is a major pest of agronomic S. perfoliatum in the region. We provide a summary of this insect and its association with its host. Our experimental objectives were to determine if the frequency of rhizome occupation by late instar larvae and if their …
Fates Of Ovules In Groundplum Milk-Vetch (Astragalus Crassicarpus Nutt.) In South Dakota, Arvid Boe, Paul J. Johnson
Fates Of Ovules In Groundplum Milk-Vetch (Astragalus Crassicarpus Nutt.) In South Dakota, Arvid Boe, Paul J. Johnson
Native Plant Focused Publications
Groundplum milk-vetch (Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt.) is a native legume found on gravelly to sandy prairie uplands throughout central North America. The large and fleshy fruits, or pods, of this species were consumed by indigenous people and European settlers, and are cached by rodents. Our previous research on native legumes of the northern Great Plains indicated seed predation by insects, notably bruchid beetles belonging to the genus Acanthoscelides Schilsky, was a dominant factor determining viable seed production in natural and artificial plant assemblages. However, although we have studied the reproductive biology of several species of Astragalus L., none had fleshy pods. …
Non-Target Effects Of Clothianidin On Monarch Butterflies, Jacob R. Pecenka, Jonathan G. Lundgren
Non-Target Effects Of Clothianidin On Monarch Butterflies, Jacob R. Pecenka, Jonathan G. Lundgren
Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications
Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) frequently consume milkweed in and near agroecosystems and consequently may be exposed to pesticides like neonicotinoids. We conducted a dose response study to determine lethal and sublethal doses of clothianidin using a 36-h exposure scenario. We then quantified clothianidin levels found in milkweed leaves adjacent to maize fields. Toxicity assays revealed LC10, LC50, and LC90 values of 7.72, 15.63, and 30.70 ppb, respectively. Sublethal effects (larval size) were observed at 1 ppb. Contaminated milkweed plants had an average of 1.14 ±0.10 ppb clothianidin, with a maximum of 4 ppb in a …
Symptoms, Distribution And Abundance Of The Stem-Boring Caterpillar, Blastobasis Repartella (Dietz), In Switchgrass, Jarrad R. Prasifka, Jeffrey D. Bradshaw, Arvid A. Boe, Dokyoung Lee, David Adamski, Michael E. Gray
Symptoms, Distribution And Abundance Of The Stem-Boring Caterpillar, Blastobasis Repartella (Dietz), In Switchgrass, Jarrad R. Prasifka, Jeffrey D. Bradshaw, Arvid A. Boe, Dokyoung Lee, David Adamski, Michael E. Gray
Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications
A potential pest of switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., was first detected in South Dakota in 2004, where death of partially emerged leaves was noted in a small proportion of tillers. Similar “dead heart” symptoms were observed in switchgrass in Illinois during 2008 and adults of a stem-boring caterpillar were collected and identified as Blastobasis repartella (Dietz). In 2009, a survey of the central United States was used to estimate the distribution and abundance of this insect. In eight northern states, B. repartella was consistently found in both cultivated plots and natural stands of switchgrass. In four southern states, B. repartella …
Seed Predators Of Canada Milk-Vetch And Their Parasitoids, Arvid Boe, Paul J. Johnson
Seed Predators Of Canada Milk-Vetch And Their Parasitoids, Arvid Boe, Paul J. Johnson
Native Plant Focused Publications
Canada milk-vetch (Astragalus canadensis L.), North America’s most widespread species of Astragalus, is important for herbivores and granivores in natural ecosystems but suffers heavy seed losses to bruchids and curculionids. Our objectives were: (1) compile a species inventory and describe life histories of insects associated with seed production in Canada milk-vetch, and (2) determine frequencies of pod predation and primary parasitism in Canada milk-vetch. The seed predators were Acanthoscelides perforatus (Horn) and Tychius liljebladi Blatchley. Frequency of pod predation varied between two plant populations (46 and 70%) and between A. perforatus (37 %) and T. liljebladi (21 %). The primary …
Interactions Among Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Yellow Foxtail, And Corn, M. M. Ellsbury, K. R. Banken, S. A. Clay, F. Forcella
Interactions Among Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Yellow Foxtail, And Corn, M. M. Ellsbury, K. R. Banken, S. A. Clay, F. Forcella
Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications
Field studies at sites with two contrasting soil types investigated effects from the presence of yellow foxtail [Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. and Schult.], established in bands parallel to corn rows, on western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) survival, corn root injury, lodging, biomass production, and yield. Results suggested that the presence of foxtail as an alternate host inßuenced the degree and progression of corn rootworm damage and adult emergence in a givenlocality. Rootworm adults emergedlater from foxtail band areas and had smaller head capsule size than did individuals from areas without foxtail, consistent with earlier Þndings that foxtail in …
Diversity And Dominant Species Of Ground Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) In Crop Rotation And Chemical Input Systems For The Northern Great Plains, Michael M. Ellsbury, Janine E. Powell, Frank Forcella, W, David Woodson, Sharon A. Clay, Walter E. Riedell
Diversity And Dominant Species Of Ground Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) In Crop Rotation And Chemical Input Systems For The Northern Great Plains, Michael M. Ellsbury, Janine E. Powell, Frank Forcella, W, David Woodson, Sharon A. Clay, Walter E. Riedell
Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications
Dominant carabid species present in crops and crop rotation sequences commonly used in the northern Great Plains were assessed as an initial step toward the management of carabids as natural control agents. Ground beetle populations were determined by pitfall trapping in 4 crop rotation treatments maintained under high, managed, and low levels of chemical fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Diversity and species richness among crops, rotations, and input levels were compared using 3 indices—the Shannon-Weaver Index, relative diversity, and the Hierarchical Richness Index (HRI). Four carabid species, Cyclotrachelus altemans (Casey), Poecilvs lucublandus Say, Harpalns pensylvanicus (DeGeer), and Bembidion quadrimaculatum L., comprising …
Geostatistical Characterization Of The Spatial Distribution Of Adult Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Emergence, M. M. Ellsbury, W. D. Woodson, S. A. Clay, D. D. Malo, J. Schumacher, D. Clay, C. G. Carlson
Geostatistical Characterization Of The Spatial Distribution Of Adult Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Emergence, M. M. Ellsbury, W. D. Woodson, S. A. Clay, D. D. Malo, J. Schumacher, D. Clay, C. G. Carlson
Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications
Geostatistical methods were used to characterize spatial variability in western ( Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and northern ( Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence) corn rootworm adult emergence patterns. Semivariograms were calculated for adult emergence density of corn rootworm populations in fields of continuous corn and rotated (corn/soybean) corn. Adult emergence densities were generally greater for northern corn rootworms than for western corn rootworms. The spatial structures of the adult rootworm emergence were aggregated as described by spherical spatial models for western corn rootworm and exponential models for northern corn rootworm. Range of spatial dependence varied from 180 to 550 m …
Leafy Spurge Biological Control Using Black Dot Flea Beetles And Deleterious Rhizobacteria: Final Report Submitted To South Dakota Department Of Agriculture Weed And Pest Control, Sharon A. Clay, Mark A. Brinkman, Robert J. Kramer, Jan J. Jackson, Nels H. Granholm
Leafy Spurge Biological Control Using Black Dot Flea Beetles And Deleterious Rhizobacteria: Final Report Submitted To South Dakota Department Of Agriculture Weed And Pest Control, Sharon A. Clay, Mark A. Brinkman, Robert J. Kramer, Jan J. Jackson, Nels H. Granholm
Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications
Size of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L) roots and their location in the soil profile are important factors relating to survival offirst-instar black dot flea beetle (Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras) larvae. First-instar larvae must find leafy spurge roots between 1 to 4 mm diam in the first 2 days after hatching from eggs for survival. In field studies, we ddermined that most flea beetle larvae reside within 7.6 em ofthe soil surface. Their location in the upper areas ofthe soil profile allows accessibility to desirable size roots, however the larvae are more susceptible to freezing temperatures in this region. Overall, there …
Life History Studies, Host Records, And Morphological Description Of Genitalia Of Eurytoma Tylodermatis Ashm. (Hymenoptera : Eurytomidae) From South Dakota, Burruss Mcdaniel, Arvid A. Boe
Life History Studies, Host Records, And Morphological Description Of Genitalia Of Eurytoma Tylodermatis Ashm. (Hymenoptera : Eurytomidae) From South Dakota, Burruss Mcdaniel, Arvid A. Boe
Native Plant Focused Publications
Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashm. was found to be parasitic on Acanthoscelides perforatus (Horn) in seed pods of Canada milk- vetch {Astragalus canadensis L.). Observations on larval behavior and frequency of parasitism are discussed. Male and female genitalia of E. tylodermatis are illustrated.
A New Bruchophagus From Glycyrrhiza Lepidota Pursh In The Northern Great Plains (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea : Eurytomidae), Burruss Mcdaniel, Arvid A. Boe
A New Bruchophagus From Glycyrrhiza Lepidota Pursh In The Northern Great Plains (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea : Eurytomidae), Burruss Mcdaniel, Arvid A. Boe
Native Plant Focused Publications
A new species, Bruchophagus grisselli McDaniel and Boe, which infests seeds of Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh (American licorice), is described and illustrated. It's known from South Dakota and North Dakota in the USA. A field study at 8 sites showed that B. grisselli has a wide distribution throughout the Dakotas.
Squash Bugs Of South Dakota, Burruss Mcdaniel
Squash Bugs Of South Dakota, Burruss Mcdaniel
Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletins (1939-2011)
The family Coreidae is best known because of the destructive habit of the squash bug, Anasa tristis, on squash, pumpkin, cucumber, and other members of the cucurbit family in the United States. The family, represented by various species, is found throughout the world. However, only 13 species are found in South Dakota. Lethierry and Severin (1894) supplied us with the earliest and most complete catalog of these bugs. They listed 1,320 species and divided them into 29 subfamilies. Van Duzee (1917), in his catalog of the Hemiptera of America north of Mexico, listed 125 species which he divided among 48 …
Beekeeping In South Dakota, R.J. Walstrom, B.H. Kantack, W.L. Berndt
Beekeeping In South Dakota, R.J. Walstrom, B.H. Kantack, W.L. Berndt
SDSU Extension Circulars
Beekeeping has provided many persons with a satisfying and continually interesting hobby. To others it means a profitable sideline easily fitted to a farming or other full-time occupation. The commercial beekeeper finds that this phase of agriculture provides him with an independent and respectable way of making a comfortable living. The purpose of this bulletin is to provide persons who are interested in starting a few colonies of bees a source of basic information suited to the Northern Great Plains conditions. South Dakota provides the essential natural ingredients for the production of sizable crops of high quality honey. Honey bees …
The European Corn Borer Situation In South Dakota Spring 1952, Gerald B. Spawn
The European Corn Borer Situation In South Dakota Spring 1952, Gerald B. Spawn
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
The European corn borer, which has now assumed the role of "perennial pest" in South Dakota, has been conspicuous by its inactivity during the past few months. However, it is still the major pest of corn in our state. Since last fall the larvae (worms) have been spending their time in the "deep freeze" sleep of their kind of hibernation, hidden away in the snow-blanketed stalks of last years corn fields. This is nature's way of taking care of them during the winter, and all too many of the larvae are now becoming active again.
The Sweet Clover Weevil In South Dakota And Recommendations For Its Control, H.C. Severin
The Sweet Clover Weevil In South Dakota And Recommendations For Its Control, H.C. Severin
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
The sweet clover weevil, bitona cylindricollis Fahr. is one of the principal insect pests attacking sweet clover in South Dakota. While the pest works on sweet clover principally, it has also been found feeding on other clovers and on alfalfa, although only in small numbers. The sweet clover weevil is a European insect which was first reported to have been taken on this continent near Montreal, Canada, in 1924. In 1941 it was found in South Dakota in small numbers but at the present time it occurs abundantly over the entire state.
Recommendations For The Control Of The Most Important Insect Pests Of Potatoes In South Dakota, H.C. Severin
Recommendations For The Control Of The Most Important Insect Pests Of Potatoes In South Dakota, H.C. Severin
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
The important insect pests attacking potatoes in South Dakota must be controlled if a good or even a fair yield of potatoes is to be harvested. Many different species of insects attack growing potato plants in the state, but the insects of major importance do not form a long list. It is not necessary for the grower to be able to recognize the minor potato insects, but it is a distinct advantage to be able to recognize the major species. Further, it would be profitable if the potato grower would familiarize himself with the life cycle and seasonal h}story of …
How To Control Insects Harmful To Alfalfa Seed Production In South Dakota [Revised], H.C. Severin
How To Control Insects Harmful To Alfalfa Seed Production In South Dakota [Revised], H.C. Severin
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
In order that a grower of alfalfa seed may have the best chance of producing a. good seed yield, the harmful insects in the alfalfa field must be destroyed, while the beneficial pollinating insects should not be reduced but encouraged. The most harmful insects that affect the seed yield of alfalfa in South Dakota are the following: Grasshoppers of several species Crickets of several species Lygus and other plant bugs Clover, potato and other leaf hoppers Flea beetles of several species
Greenbug Control, Wm. M. Rogoff
Greenbug Control, Wm. M. Rogoff
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
Greenbug infestations in the State of South Dakota are unusual and have generally been broken by the interaction of natural factors such as predators, parasites, and weather. In the 1949 outbreak, the greenbug was seldom if ever the sole cause of damage in infested fields and in most cases spraying would not have been paid for by the remaining crop. The chemicals available for control are exceedingly dangerous to man and livestock, and their use should not be encouraged except where a clear and definite need has been shown to exist.
Control Of Grasshoppers Through Chemical Sprays Or Dusts Or Baits, H.C. Severin
Control Of Grasshoppers Through Chemical Sprays Or Dusts Or Baits, H.C. Severin
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
No abstract provided.
How To Control Insects Harmful To Alfalfa Seed Production In South Dakota, H.C. Severin
How To Control Insects Harmful To Alfalfa Seed Production In South Dakota, H.C. Severin
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
In order that a grower of alfalfa seed may have the best chance of producing a. good seed yield, the harmful insects in the alfalfa field must be destroyed, while the beneficial pollinating insects should not be reduced but encouraged. The most harmful insects that affect the seed yield of alfalfa in South Dakota are the following: Grasshoppers of several species Crickets of several species Lygus and other plant bugs Clover, potato and other leaf hoppers Flea beetles of several species
The Use Of Aircraft In European Corn Borer Control, Gerald B. Spawn
The Use Of Aircraft In European Corn Borer Control, Gerald B. Spawn
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
The European corn borer is at present considered to be the No. 1 insect pest of corn in South Dakota. It is now known (by specimen records) to be present in every county east of the Missouri river and in Lyman, Gregory and Tripp counties west of the Missouri River in South Dakota. During 1948 the corn borer did an estimated $2,500,000 worth of damage in our state~ In 1949 this damage figure was increased to $7,545,000.
The European Corn Borer, Gerald B. Spawn
The European Corn Borer, Gerald B. Spawn
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
The European corn borer was first recorded from South Dakota i n the summer of 1946. At that time Hr. H. C. Severin and the author found borers in corn in Union and Lincoln and Minnehaha counties. Less than half of one percent of the stalks in the fields were infested at that time. During the summer of 1948 the infestation had spread over most of the corn producing area of our state. By the fall of that year 36 counties were known to be infested . Several fields in the southeastern part of the state had 100 per cent …
A Discussion Of Ddt Through Questions And Answers, H.C. Severin
A Discussion Of Ddt Through Questions And Answers, H.C. Severin
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
DDT received and is still receiving more publicity than any insecticide ever enjoyed in the history of man's war with insects. Newspapers, farm journals, cattle magazines, horticultural publications, women's magazines, the radio, motion pictures and every other conceivable means of advertising have lauded DDT to the skies. Much of this publicity was released v1hile DDT was still not available to the civilian but only to our Armed Forces. This avalanche of publicity created hundreds of thousands of potential buyers, many of whom began to clamor for the new marvelous insecticide. Press releases were then made from the State Experiment Stations …
Second Report Of The Committee On Grasshopper Research Appointed By The American Association Of Economoic Entomologists. Part 1, Work Conducted By State Agencies Of The United States., Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State College
Second Report Of The Committee On Grasshopper Research Appointed By The American Association Of Economoic Entomologists. Part 1, Work Conducted By State Agencies Of The United States., Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State College
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
This is the second report of the Committee on Grasshopper Research. The appointment of such a committee was first authorized at the San Francisco meeting of the American Association of Economic Entomologists in 1942 and was appointed by President Harry B. Weiss. Dr. P. N. Annand, who succeeded Dr. Weiss as president of the American Association of Economic Entomologists in 1943, requested that the entire personal of the committee appointed by Dr. Weiss continue to function for another year. The committee members agreed to do this.
First Report Of The Committee On Grasshopper Research Appointed By The American Association Of Economic Entomologists, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State College
First Report Of The Committee On Grasshopper Research Appointed By The American Association Of Economic Entomologists, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State College
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
This is the first report of the Committee on Grasshopper Research which was authorized at the San Francisco meeting of the American Association of Economic Entomologists in 1942.
Tillage Methods In Grasshopper Control, Gerald B. Spawn
Tillage Methods In Grasshopper Control, Gerald B. Spawn
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
The eyes of the world are turned toward the American farmer as the individual to whom they must look for the production of a plentiful supply of food for our fighting forces, our Allies and for the hungry millions as they are liberated from Nazi rule and devastation. Grasshoppers have done much to defeat the Great Plains farmers in their effort to produce this food. In the central part of our State many fields of corn, badly needed for feed, were planted during the past year from which not one bushel of grain was harvested. Numerous fields of flax, very …
Tillage Methods In Grasshopper Control, Gerald B. Spawn
Tillage Methods In Grasshopper Control, Gerald B. Spawn
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
No abstract provided.
Active Projects In The United States And Canada Dealing With Grasshopper Research, H.C. Severin
Active Projects In The United States And Canada Dealing With Grasshopper Research, H.C. Severin
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
The sixteenth annual meetings of the Rocky Mountain Conference of Entomologists were held at Cameron Pass, Colorado, August 17 to August 21, 1941. Some time was devoted during these meetings to a discussion of the research work that is being done at the present with grasshoppers. It was felt by those participating in the discussions that it would be highly desirable if certain data were available concerning grasshopper research projects that are being actively investigated at the present time in the United States and in Canada. The author if this paper was asked to assume the responsibility of formulating an …
Tillage Methods In Grasshopper Control, Gerald B. Spawn
Tillage Methods In Grasshopper Control, Gerald B. Spawn
Agricultural Experiment Station Entomology Pamphlets (1940-1952)
In the light of the present world food situation, the control of insects assumes a role of major importance in the agricultural program. Various insects, among which grasshoppers are one of the most notorious, attack our growing groups, upon which we depend for food. Others attack grains in storage; plant and animal products of many kinds; clothing and articles of furniture; and our domestic livestock. Man himself is not immune from attack as is borne out of by the epidemics of louse transmitted typhus which are today growing in extent in certain parts of Europe. The losses sustained by mankind …