Life Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Osmotic Stress On Oxygen Consumption Of Drosophila Cells (Kc167), Ali A. Ahmed, Rajib Hassan, Michael A. Menze

The Cardinal Edge

This article investigates the effect of osmotic stress on a drosophila cell line called Kc167.

The embryonic-derived fly (Drosophila melanogaster) cell line, Kc-167, was employed as a model for water-stress sensitivity in Arthropods. Like mammalian cells, cells derived from the fruit fly contain the same basic set of membranous components found in all eukaryotic cells. A series of experiments were conducted to characterize the mitochondrial repones of Kc167 cells to water stress. Precisely, the oxygen flux in a sealed respirometer chamber containing Kc167 cells was measured under hyperosmotic and control conditions. Mitochondrial uncouplers were used in some experiments for intact …

Targeting Of The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway In Cancer Treatment, Andrew J. Hawes

The Cardinal Edge

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is a developmental pathway that is highly conserved evolutionarily. While typically only displaying high activity during embryogenesis, overactivation of the Hh pathway in adults has been linked to multiple forms of cancer including acute myeloid leukemia, myelofibrosis, basal-cell carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adrenal carcinoma, and triple negative breast cancer. The prevalence of Hh activation in many different cancers has made it a prime target for inhibition of these cancers through novel therapies. This literature review sought to assess the current state of cancer treatment through inhibition of Hh signaling. Most current clinical trials involving the pathway …

Insect Developmental Plasticity: The Role In A Changing Environment, Lindsey A. Barnes

The Cardinal Edge

Climate change has been recognized as a severe threat to biodiversity. In the rapidly growing collection of literature on the consequences of global change, researchers have recently noticed a dramatic decrease in insect populations in a wide range of habitats. Insects are extremely susceptible to climatic change, especially with regard to fluctuations in moisture and temperature. However, insects often exhibit phenotypic plasticity, where organisms will express different phenotypes when presented with a specific environmental stimulus. In developmental plasticity, environmental stimuli at the larval stage can determine adult phenotypes. This review focuses on case studies of developmental plasticity in insects, with …

A Literature Review On The Development Of Upper Limbs In Humans, Anh T. Phan

The Cardinal Edge

The development of tetrapod upper limbs shares an evolutionary origin and has been adapted and specialized for different functions for different species, such as flight in birds, swimming and balance in sea mammals, and coordination and grabbing objects in humans. The basis of tetrapod limb development has common developmental patterns, starting with the formation of the limb bud via Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, where later developmental steps are modified for specialized functions. This review covers the basic developmental patterns of mammalian tetrapod development seen in humans, beginning with the formation of the limb bud, to the axis development of the …

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta: The Genetic Causes And Outcomes, Sydney P. Johnson Ms.

The Cardinal Edge

Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) is a genetic disorder characterized by dentin discoloration, tooth development irregularities, and decreased tooth strength. This autosomal dominant disorder is identified in individuals of all ages. There are three classifications of dentinogenesis imperfecta, each with varying presentations and causes. This report covers normal tooth development (odontogenesis), DI development, DI classifications, and the genes involved in this genetic disorder.

Inner Ear Development And Advances In Inner Ear Organoid Formation, Paige Avery

The Cardinal Edge

The inner ear houses the cochlea which contains hair cells responsible for the transduction of sound waves. The process of forming these hair cells responsible for hearing is a complicated process consisting of many signaling factors that allow ectoderm to form into the otic placode, the otic vesicle, and finally prosensory cells such as hair cells (Schlosser, 2006). Loss of these hair cells contributes to deafness and hearing loss throughout life, and regeneration of these cells may serve as a therapeutic agent for those with irreversible damage. This review looks at the development of the otic placode and hair cells …

Mechanisms Of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure On Causing Developmental Defects Associated With Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorders, Jordan M. Powell

The Cardinal Edge

No abstract provided.

Metamorphosis In Amphibians And The Role Of Thyroid Hormone, Hallie Maxwell

The Cardinal Edge

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Alcohol On The Developing Drosophila Nervous System, Erica E. Hassoun

The Cardinal Edge

Ethanol is the most common human teratogen, contributing to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) when effects are the most severe. Key effects of fetal alcohol syndrome are observed in the nervous system. The high prevalence of prenatal alcohol exposure necessitates novel treatment and prevention methods. However, ethical issues prevent researching humans in utero. For this reason, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a model organism for studying FAS. Because Drosophila is a small and non-placental organism, its environment can be easily controlled, allowing for specific doses and time periods of ethanol exposure to be studied. This review discusses findings …

The Effects Of Ppal-1 In Arabidopsis Gamete Development, Amanda J White, Susana Perez-Martinez, Mark P. Running

The Cardinal Edge

Prenylation is a type of post-translational modification in which a 15- or 20-carbon lipid is added to the carboxyl (C) terminus of the protein. Arabidopsis thaliana contains the PROTEIN PRENYLTRANSFERASE ALPHA SUBUNIT-LIKE (PPAL) gene, which encodes a protein with homology to the α-subunits of the three known prenylation enzymes, PFT, PGGT, and Rab-GGT. We previously identified two mutations in PPAL, one of which is ppal-1, which contains a T-DNA insertion in the fourth intron. We have previously observed that self-fertilizing heterozygous ppal-1 plants produce progeny in which homozygous ppal-1 is underrepresented. This project attempts to ascertain …