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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effects Of High Glucose On Autophagy And Apoptosis In Preimplantation Mouse Embryo Culture, Virginia Wolfe
Effects Of High Glucose On Autophagy And Apoptosis In Preimplantation Mouse Embryo Culture, Virginia Wolfe
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Maternal diabetes increases congenital malformations due to teratogenic effects of glucose on the developing embryo. High glucose culture alters preimplantation embryo development and is associated with increased oxidative stress. Apoptosis and autophagy are programmed cell death and survival mechanisms induced by oxidative stress, but their role in preimplantation diabetic embryopathy is poorly elucidated. It was hypothesized that high glucose culture would alter autophagic and apoptotic responses, and that they are dependent on the timing of high glucose culture initiation. Embryos were cultured with 0.2 mM (control) or 25 mM (high glucose) of D-glucose starting from the early (36 hpi) or …
Free Fatty Acid Treatment Alters Autophagy During Mouse Preimplantation Embryo Development, Zuleika C. L. Leung
Free Fatty Acid Treatment Alters Autophagy During Mouse Preimplantation Embryo Development, Zuleika C. L. Leung
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Obesity-induced hyperlipidemia is one of the main factors for female infertility. Hyperlipidemia, specifically with high levels of palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA), interferes with preimplantation development. Autophagy is essential in early embryo development but, it is unknown whether hyperlipidemia affects autophagic mechanisms in preimplantation embryos. It was hypothesized that PA will alter autophagy in preimplantation mouse embryos and that the subsequent effects will be reversed by OA. PA impaired blastocyst development by arresting embryos at the 8-cell stage. PA also elevated early embryo autophagy by increasing autophagosome formation, decreasing maturation, and disrupting degradation. Co-treatment with OA showed developmental …
Ampk Signalling As A Regulator Of Autophagy In A Model Of Ovarian Tumour Dormancy, Jeremi Laski
Ampk Signalling As A Regulator Of Autophagy In A Model Of Ovarian Tumour Dormancy, Jeremi Laski
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
One of the hallmarks of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) metastasis lies in the process of spheroid formation, whereby tumour cells aggregate into 3D structures. Previous literature suggests that as EOC cells form spheroids they undergo bioenergetic stress, activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, and thereby force cells to enter a metabolically quiescent state. We have previously shown that EOC spheroids up- regulate autophagy, a process that provides energy during starvation conditions. Herein, I examined the role of AMPK-mediated signaling regulation of autophagy in a model of ovarian tumour dormancy. Attenuation of AMPK signaling in EOC spheroids resulted in reduction of …
The Role Of P62/Sqstm1 In Tgfβ-Dependent Emt And Autophagy, Evelyn Ng
The Role Of P62/Sqstm1 In Tgfβ-Dependent Emt And Autophagy, Evelyn Ng
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a cytokine that regulates cellular adhesion, proliferation and apoptosis. In the context of cancer, TGFβ induces processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). More recently, TGFβ has been discovered to also induce autophagy, and the relationship between TGFβ-induced EMT and autophagy remains unknown. Due to its involvement in autophagy and its established interactions with key TGFβ signaling proteins, this thesis focuses on the sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1) protein. Here, I have shown that p62/SQSTM1 co-localizes with TGFβ receptors at the same time point that the receptors localize to Rab7-positive late endosomes. siRNA-mediated silencing of p62/SQSTM1 was …
Features Of Dormancy In Metastatic Ovarian Cancer Cells, Rohann Jm Correa
Features Of Dormancy In Metastatic Ovarian Cancer Cells, Rohann Jm Correa
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The most prevalent subtype of ovarian cancer – high-grade serous (HGS) carcinoma – is also the most lethal, since the majority of cases are characterized by advanced-stage (metastatic) presentation. Metastasis of this cancer proceeds by an intra-peritoneal route, involving detachment of cells from the primary tumour and dissemination throughout the peritoneal cavity as multicellular aggregates, or spheroids. Herein, we demonstrate that HGS patient-derived tumour cells cultured to form in vitro spheroids exhibit features of cancer dormancy, a cellular state known to promote therapeutic resistance and disease recurrence. We discovered that upon spheroid formation, cells became non-proliferative, exhibiting a cell cycle …