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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Characterising The Role Of Ovol1 In Cell Growth Regulation, Maram Albakri
Characterising The Role Of Ovol1 In Cell Growth Regulation, Maram Albakri
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The placenta supports the exchange of nutrients and gases between mother and fetus. Trophoblasts are the parenchymal cells of the placenta and perform the vast majority of its functions. There are different types of trophoblasts derived from stem cells called cytotrophoblasts (CTs). The balance between CT proliferation and differentiation is important for placental development. OVO-like 1 (OVOL1) is a transcription factor expressed in many epithelial lineages undergoing differentiation, including human differentiating CTs. The molecular mechanisms through which OVOL1 represses proliferation and/or promotes differentiation are unknown. We hypothesize that OVOL1 interacts with specific HDACs to repress CT proliferation. Ectopically expressing OVOL1 …
Intracellular Signalling Crosstalk In The Differentiation Of F9 Cells Into Extraembryonic Endoderm, Tina Nicole Cuthbert
Intracellular Signalling Crosstalk In The Differentiation Of F9 Cells Into Extraembryonic Endoderm, Tina Nicole Cuthbert
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Mouse F9 cells differentiate into primitive extraembryonic endoderm (PrE) with retinoic acid (RA) treatment, resulting in up-regulation of Gata6, which when translated directly activates Wnt6. Canonical Wnt signalling is required for PrE differentiation, and this, like most developmental processes, requires input from one or more additional pathways, including hedgehog (Hh). The Hh pathway is regulated by GATA6, and crosstalks positively/negatively with Wnt signalling. Ihh up-regulation in F9 cells accompanies PrE induction, but a role for GATA6 or Hh pathway activation in obligatory Wnt/ß-catenin signalling is not known. To address this, I show that RA induces Ihh and altered expression of …
The Role Of Nadph Oxidase In Ros Mediated Differentiation, Benjamin J. Dickson
The Role Of Nadph Oxidase In Ros Mediated Differentiation, Benjamin J. Dickson
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Mouse teratocarcinoma F9 cells differentiate into primitive endoderm (PrE) when treated with retinoic acid (RA) or H2O2 and these changes are accompanied by an upregulation of Wnt6 and activation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Data from our lab shows PrE differentiation is accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces a conformational change in Nucleoredoxin preventing its ability to bind and inhibit Dishevelled. This in turn positively impacts on the WNT/β- catenin signaling pathway leading to differentiation. The source of endogenous ROS seen following RA treatment was investigated and members of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family were …
Diabetic Bone Marrow & Stem Cell Dysfunction, Meghan A. Piccinin
Diabetic Bone Marrow & Stem Cell Dysfunction, Meghan A. Piccinin
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
ii Abstract Abstract Defects in the proliferation, differentiation, and activity of bone marrow (BM)-derived vasculogenic/vascular stem cells (VSCs) have been observed in diabetes and contribute to the development of vascular complications. Diabetes leads to enhanced bone marrow adipogenesis, altering the composition of the BM stem cell (SC) niche and potentially disrupting the normal functioning of resident VSCs. Here, I establish that adipocytes have a negative influence on SC survival in culture. I also show that adipocytes and osteoblasts are responsible for the creation of distinct extracellular microenvironments, with unique expression patterns of several pro- and anti-angiogenic factors with known effects …
The Role Of Oxygen Tension And Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling In The Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate, Amer Youssef
The Role Of Oxygen Tension And Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling In The Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate, Amer Youssef
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The human placenta of different gestational ages is a readily available source for isolation of adult mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) for potential use in regenerative therapies. The chorionic villous region, the largest component of a placenta that interfaces with the maternal circulation, is a rich source of placental MSCs (PMSCs). To remain multipotent, PMSCs are best maintained in culture conditions that mimic the in vivo microenvironment. Insulin like growth factors (IGFs, IGF-I and -II) and oxygen tension are two of the most important microenvironmental factors in the placenta. They are of low concentration or tension respectively, at early gestation, and …