Life Sciences Commons^™

The Nucleation And Growth Of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate On Self-Assembled Monolayers (Sams), Allison A. Campbell, Glen E. Fryxell, Gordon L. Graff, Peter C. Rieke, Barbara J. Tarasevich

Scanning Microscopy

A physical chemical approach was used to study calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) nucleation and growth on various organic interfaces. Self-assembling monolayers (SAMs), containing derivatized organic functional groups, were designed to mimic various amino acid residues present in both urine and stone matrix macromolecules. Derivatized surfaces include SAMs with terminal methyl, bromo, imidazole, and thiazolidine-carboxylic acid functional groups. Pronounced differences in COM deposition were observed for the various interfaces with the imidazole and thiazolidine surfaces having the greatest effect and the methyl and bromo groups having little or no nucleating potential.

Effects Of Citrate On The Different Phases Of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization, H. -G. Tiselius, C. Berg, A. -M. Fornander, M. -A. Nilsson

Scanning Microscopy

Urinary citrate appears to be an important factor in the crystallization process of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The urinary excretion of citrate was found to be significantly lower in patients with calcium oxalate stone disease as compared with normal subjects, and about 30 per cent of the calcium stone formers can be considered as hypocitraturic. The lowest excretion of citrate was recorded in urine collected during the night. Citrate has significant effects on supersaturation with respect to both calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, it also inhibits the growth of these crystals. In addition, citrate appears to be capable of …

Evaluation And Management Of Dietary Habits In Japanese Renal Stone Formers, Haruo Ito, Tadashi Kotake, Naoto Miura

Scanning Microscopy

To elucidate the relationship between the formation of kidney stones and diet, we carried out a dietary investigation in patients with urinary tract stones. Dietary intakes were estimated for 36 patients (24 men, 12 women) with calcium stones, and compared with the official dietary requirements for the Japanese.

Total protein intake, animal protein intake and animal protein ratio were significantly higher for patients with stones in both men and women. Dietary salt intake was significantly higher for male patients and the total group. Dietary calcium and carbohydrate intakes were significantly lower for patients with stones in men and the total …

Methods For The Study Of Calcium Oxalate Crystallisation And Their Application To Urolithiasis Research, J. P. Kavanagh

Scanning Microscopy

Many methods have been used to study calcium oxalate crystallisation. Most can be characterised by changes in supersaturation during the experiment, which may increase, remain constant or decay. Their ability to quantify various aspects of crystallisation often reflects the extent to which nucleation, growth and aggregation can be measured independently, when two or three of these processes may be occurring simultaneously.

The mixed suspension, mixed product removal technique reaches a steady state supersaturation, is a good model for intrarenal crystallisation and allows both growth and nucleation rates to be measured. Using 92% urine and comparing control urines with samples from …