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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Grunt Variation In The Oyster Toadfish Opsanus Tau: Effect Of Size And Sex, Michael L. Fine, Tyler D. Waybright
Grunt Variation In The Oyster Toadfish Opsanus Tau: Effect Of Size And Sex, Michael L. Fine, Tyler D. Waybright
Biology Publications
As in insects, frogs and birds, vocal activity in fishes tends to be more developed in males than in females, and sonic swimbladder muscles may be sexually dimorphic, i.e., either larger in males or present only in males. Male oyster toadfish Opsanus tau L produce a long duration, tonal boatwhistle advertisement call, and both sexes grunt, a short duration more pulsatile agonistic call. Sonic muscles are present in both sexes but larger in males. We tested the hypothesis that males would call more than females by inducing grunts in toadfish of various sizes held in a net and determined incidence …
Does Upper Extremity Training Influence Body Composition After Spinal Cord Injury?, Justin A. Fisher, Meredith A. Mcnelis, Ashraf S. Gorgey, David S. Dolbow, Lance L. Goetz
Does Upper Extremity Training Influence Body Composition After Spinal Cord Injury?, Justin A. Fisher, Meredith A. Mcnelis, Ashraf S. Gorgey, David S. Dolbow, Lance L. Goetz
Biology Publications
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to serious body composition adaptations characterized by increasing whole body fat mass and decreased soft tissue lean mass (LM). These adaptations in body composition may lead to several cardio-metabolic disorders that reduce the quality of life, increase patients’ and caregivers’ burden and eventually leads to mortality. Exercise, an appropriate dietary regimen, and an active lifestyle may alleviate several of the negative effects on body composition after a SCI. Today however, there is no established consensus on the recommended dose, frequency or type of exercise to ameliorate several of the body composition sequelae after an acute …
Metagenomic Analysis Of Planktonic Microbial Consortia From A Non-Tidal Urban-Impacted Segment Of James River, Bonnie L. Brown, Rebecca V. Leprell, Rima B. Franklin, Maria C. Rivera, Francine M. Cabral, Hugh L. Eaves, Vicki Gardiakos, Kevin P. Keegan, Timothy L. King
Metagenomic Analysis Of Planktonic Microbial Consortia From A Non-Tidal Urban-Impacted Segment Of James River, Bonnie L. Brown, Rebecca V. Leprell, Rima B. Franklin, Maria C. Rivera, Francine M. Cabral, Hugh L. Eaves, Vicki Gardiakos, Kevin P. Keegan, Timothy L. King
Biology Publications
Knowledge of the diversity and ecological function of the microbial consortia of James River in Virginia, USA, is essential to developing a more complete understanding of the ecology of this model river system. Metagenomic analysis of James River's planktonic microbial community was performed for the first time using an unamplified genomic library and a 16S rDNA amplicon library prepared and sequenced by Ion PGM and MiSeq, respectively. From the 0.46-Gb WGS library (GenBank:SRR1146621; MG-RAST:4532156.3), 4 × 10 6 reads revealed >3 × 10 6 genes, 240 families of prokaryotes, and 155 families of eukaryotes. From the 0.68-Gb 16S library (GenBank:SRR2124995; …
Consequences Of Life History Switch Point Plasticity For Juvenile Morphology And Locomotion In The Túngara Frog, Julie Charbonnier, James R. Vonesh
Consequences Of Life History Switch Point Plasticity For Juvenile Morphology And Locomotion In The Túngara Frog, Julie Charbonnier, James R. Vonesh
Biology Publications
Many animals with complex life cycles can cope with environmental uncertainty by altering the timing of life history switch points through plasticity. Pond hydroperiod has important consequences for the fitness of aquatic organisms and many taxa alter the timing of life history switch points in response to habitat desiccation. For example, larval amphibians can metamorphose early to escape drying ponds. Such plasticity may induce variation in size and morphology of juveniles which can result in carry-over effects on jumping performance. To investigate the carry-over effects of metamorphic plasticity to pond drying, we studied the Túngara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus, a …
Evolutionary History Influences The Salinity Preference Of Bacterial Taxa In Wetland Soils, Ember M. Morrisey, Rima B. Franklin
Evolutionary History Influences The Salinity Preference Of Bacterial Taxa In Wetland Soils, Ember M. Morrisey, Rima B. Franklin
Biology Publications
Salinity is a major driver of bacterial community composition across the globe. Despite growing recognition that different bacterial species are present or active at different salinities, the mechanisms by which salinity structures community composition remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that these patterns reflect ecological coherence in the salinity preferences of phylogenetic groups using a reciprocal transplant experiment of fresh- and saltwater wetland soils. The salinity of both the origin and host environments affected community composition (16S rRNA gene sequences) and activity (CO2 and CH4 production, and extracellular enzyme activity). These changes in community composition and activity rates were …
Identification Of Eastern United States Reticulitermes Termite Species Via Pcr-Rflp, Assessed Using Training And Test Data, Ryan C. Garrick, Benjamin D. Collins, Rachel N. Yi, Rodney J. Dyer, Chaz Hyseni
Identification Of Eastern United States Reticulitermes Termite Species Via Pcr-Rflp, Assessed Using Training And Test Data, Ryan C. Garrick, Benjamin D. Collins, Rachel N. Yi, Rodney J. Dyer, Chaz Hyseni
Biology Publications
Reticulitermes termites play key roles in dead wood decomposition and nutrient cycling in forests. They also damage man-made structures, resulting in considerable economic loss. In the eastern United States, five species (R. flavipes, R. virginicus, R. nelsonae, R. hageni and R. malletei) have overlapping ranges and are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Here we present a molecular tool for species identification. It is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a section of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene, followed by a three-enzyme restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay, with banding patterns resolved via agarose gel electrophoresis. The assay …
Metagenomic Analysis Of Planktonic Microbial Consortia From A Non-Tidal Urban-Impacted Segment Of James River, Bonnie L. Brown, Rebecca V. Leprell, Rima B. Franklin, Maria C. Rivera, Francine M. Cabral, Hugh L. Eaves, Vicki Gardiakos, Kevin P. Keegan, Timothy L. King
Metagenomic Analysis Of Planktonic Microbial Consortia From A Non-Tidal Urban-Impacted Segment Of James River, Bonnie L. Brown, Rebecca V. Leprell, Rima B. Franklin, Maria C. Rivera, Francine M. Cabral, Hugh L. Eaves, Vicki Gardiakos, Kevin P. Keegan, Timothy L. King
Biology Publications
Knowledge of the diversity and ecological function of the microbial consortia of James River in Virginia, USA, is essential to developing a more complete understanding of the ecology of this model river system. Metagenomic analysis of James River's planktonic microbial community was performed for the first time using an unamplified genomic library and a 16S rDNA amplicon library prepared and sequenced by Ion PGM and MiSeq, respectively. From the 0.46-Gb WGS library (GenBank:SRR1146621; MG-RAST:4532156.3), 4 × 106 reads revealed >3 × 106 genes, 240 families of prokaryotes, and 155 families of eukaryotes. From the 0.68-Gb 16S library (GenBank:SRR2124995; MG-RAST:4631271.3; EMB:2184), …
Risk Assessment Based On Indirect Predation Cues: Revisiting Fine-Grained Variation, Michael W. Mccoy, Stefan K. Wheat, Karen M. Warkentin, James R. Vonesh
Risk Assessment Based On Indirect Predation Cues: Revisiting Fine-Grained Variation, Michael W. Mccoy, Stefan K. Wheat, Karen M. Warkentin, James R. Vonesh
Biology Publications
To adaptively express inducible defenses, prey must gauge risk based on indirect cues of predation. However, the information contained in indirect cues that enable prey to fine-tune their phenotypes to variation in risk is still unclear. In aquatic systems, research has focused on cue concentration as the key variable driving threat-sensitive responses to risk. However, while risk is measured as individuals killed per time, cue concentration may vary with either the number or biomass killed. Alternatively, fine-grained variation in cue, that is, frequency of cue pulses irrespective of concentration, may provide a more reliable signal of risk. Here, we present …
Pectoral Sound Generation In The Blue Catfish Ictalurus Furcatus, Yasha Mohajer, Zachary Ghahramani, Michael L. Fine
Pectoral Sound Generation In The Blue Catfish Ictalurus Furcatus, Yasha Mohajer, Zachary Ghahramani, Michael L. Fine
Forensic Science Publications
Catfishes produce pectoral stridulatory sounds by “jerk” movements that rub ridges on the dorsal process against the cleithrum. We recorded sound synchronized with high-speed video to investigate the hypothesis that blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus produce sounds by a slip–stick mechanism, previously described only in invertebrates. Blue catfish produce a variably paced series of sound pulses during abduction sweeps (pulsers) although some individuals (sliders) form longer duration sound units (slides) interspersed with pulses. Typical pulser sounds are evoked by short 1–2 ms movements with a rotation of 2°–3°. Jerks excite sounds that increase in amplitude after motion stops, suggesting constructive interference, …
Understanding Host-Switching By Ecological Fitting, Sabrina B. L. Araujo, Mariana Pires Braga, Daniel R. Brooks, Salvatore J. Agosta, Eric P. Hoberg, Francisco W. Von Hartenthal, Walter A. Boeger
Understanding Host-Switching By Ecological Fitting, Sabrina B. L. Araujo, Mariana Pires Braga, Daniel R. Brooks, Salvatore J. Agosta, Eric P. Hoberg, Francisco W. Von Hartenthal, Walter A. Boeger
Biology Publications
Despite the fact that parasites are highly specialized with respect to their hosts, empirical evidence demonstrates that host switching rather than co-speciation is the dominant factor influencing the diversification of host-parasite associations. Ecological fitting in sloppy fitness space has been proposed as a mechanism allowing ecological specialists to host-switch readily. That proposal is tested herein using an individual-based model of host switching. The model considers a parasite species exposed to multiple host resources. Through time host range expansion can occur readily without the prior evolution of novel genetic capacities. It also produces non-linear variation in the size of the fitness …
Consequences Of Life History Switch Point Plasticity For Juvenile Morphology And Locomotion In The Túngara Frog, Julie Charbonnier, James R. Vonesh
Consequences Of Life History Switch Point Plasticity For Juvenile Morphology And Locomotion In The Túngara Frog, Julie Charbonnier, James R. Vonesh
Biology Publications
Many animals with complex life cycles can cope with environmental uncertainty by altering the timing of life history switch points through plasticity. Pond hydroperiod has important consequences for the fitness of aquatic organisms and many taxa alter the timing of life history switch points in response to habitat desiccation. For example, larval amphibians can metamorphose early to escape drying ponds. Such plasticity may induce variation in size and morphology of juveniles which can result in carry-over effects on jumping performance. To investigate the carry-over effects of metamorphic plasticity to pond drying, we studied the Túngara frog,Physalaemus pustulosus, a …
Evolutionary History Influences The Salinity Preference Of Bacterial Taxa In Wetland Soils, Ember Morrissey, Rima B. Franklin
Evolutionary History Influences The Salinity Preference Of Bacterial Taxa In Wetland Soils, Ember Morrissey, Rima B. Franklin
Biology Publications
Salinity is a major driver of bacterial community composition across the globe. Despite growing recognition that different bacterial species are present or active at different salinities, the mechanisms by which salinity structures community composition remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that these patterns reflect ecological coherence in the salinity preferences of phylogenetic groups using a reciprocal transplant experiment of fresh- and saltwater wetland soils. The salinity of both the origin and host environments affected community composition (16S rRNA gene sequences) and activity (CO2 and CH4 production, and extracellular enzyme activity). These changes in community composition and activity rates were …
Hannah Huddle: Visually Comparing Art And Science, Mark Hardison
Hannah Huddle: Visually Comparing Art And Science, Mark Hardison
AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship
Hannah Huddle, a junior at VCU majoring in communications arts with a concentration in scientific illustration, has been working on a research project with VCU biology professor Dr. Lesley Bulluck, and a group of six students, researching the Prothonotary Warbler. Unlike most researchers, Huddle is both studying the biology of the bird and making illustrations of the bird and the research involving the Warbler.