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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Mf121 Maine Organic Farmers And Gardeners Association (Mofga), Special Collections, Raymond H. Fogler Library, University Of Maine
Mf121 Maine Organic Farmers And Gardeners Association (Mofga), Special Collections, Raymond H. Fogler Library, University Of Maine
Northeast Archives of Folklore and Oral History Finding Aids
This collection contains interviews with people associated with the Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners Association (MOFGA) and the Common Ground Fair in Unity, Maine. Themes include the process of beginning to farm organically, the early development of MOFGA and its growth; the Common Ground Fair and its expansion; marketing organic food; farming strategies; raising livestock; and MOFGA's interactions with conventional farmers and the wider community.
Comanagement In Maine: Integrating Fishermen’S Ecological Knowledge Into Government Oversight Of Fisheries, Anne Hayden
Comanagement In Maine: Integrating Fishermen’S Ecological Knowledge Into Government Oversight Of Fisheries, Anne Hayden
Maine Policy Review
Comanagement is the sharing of responsibility for management between fishermen and fisheries agencies. It shifts fishermen’s incentives to include longer term conservation goals, generates fine-scale information for management that would not otherwise be available, and develops fishing strategies that are consistent with conservation. Analysis of comanaged fisheries in Maine, for lobster, clams, river herring, and scallops, indicates that comanagement improves fisheries productivity and is more effective than standard, top-down, broad-scale fisheries management.
Seabirds As Proxies For Past El Niño Events In Coastal Peru: An Archaeo-Ornithological Approach, Heather A. Landazuri
Seabirds As Proxies For Past El Niño Events In Coastal Peru: An Archaeo-Ornithological Approach, Heather A. Landazuri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis sets an initial foundation for an archaeo-ornithological approach to understanding past El Niño events on the coast of Peru and the use of avifaunal remains as proxies for ecological conditions. Although faunal remains from archaeological sites do not provide exact representations of past environmental conditions, and bird remains can be especially challenging environmental indicators, their presence does reflect decisions made by human occupants in response to environment. Additionally, zooarchaeological data offer a reflection of past animal availability and use, much of which is at least in part determined by environmental conditions. Here I examine the extent to which …
Lawrence Kaplan (14 April 1926-6 March 1918), Emily Kaplan
Lawrence Kaplan (14 April 1926-6 March 1918), Emily Kaplan
Andean Past
This is an appreciation of the life and work of archaeobotanist Lawrence Kaplan, a specialist in domesticated beans.
Long-Term Gene–Culture Coevolution And The Human Evolutionary Transition, Timothy M. Waring, Zachary T. Wood
Long-Term Gene–Culture Coevolution And The Human Evolutionary Transition, Timothy M. Waring, Zachary T. Wood
School of Economics Faculty Scholarship
It has been suggested that the human species may be undergoing an evolutionary transition in individuality (ETI). But there is disagreement about how to apply the ETI framework to our species, and whether culture is implicated as either cause or consequence. Long-term gene–culture coevolution (GCC) is also poorly understood. Some have argued that culture steers human evolution, while others proposed that genes hold culture on a leash. We review the literature and evidence on long-term GCC in humans and find a set of common themes. First, culture appears to hold greater adaptive potential than genetic inheritance and is probably driving …
Dietary Change Among Canis Familiaris During The Late Ceramic Period On The Maine-Maritime Peninsula: A Case Study From The Holmes Point West Site (Me 62-8), Machias Bay, Maine, Abby E. Mann
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Archaeological study of Indigenous pasts has been characterized by a focus on objects over people. This study attempts to humanize the past by illuminating human agency in the human-dog relationship through a case study of dog health and diet during the Late Ceramic period (ca. 950 – 450 BP) in the Maine-Maritime Peninsula region. To circumvent the cycle of western knowledge building and marginalization of Indigenous communities, past Wabanaki people and their relationships with dogs are positioned at the center of research questions presented here. Few studies in the Northeast have analyzed dog remains from the Ceramic period (ca. 3050 …
Emergent Sustainability In Open Property Regimes, Mark Moritz, Roy Behnke, Christine M. Beitl, Rebecca Bliege Bird, Rafael Chiaravalloti, Julia Clark, Stefani Crabtree, Sean S. Downy, Ian M. Hamilton, Sui Chian Phang, Paul Scholte, Jim Wilson
Emergent Sustainability In Open Property Regimes, Mark Moritz, Roy Behnke, Christine M. Beitl, Rebecca Bliege Bird, Rafael Chiaravalloti, Julia Clark, Stefani Crabtree, Sean S. Downy, Ian M. Hamilton, Sui Chian Phang, Paul Scholte, Jim Wilson
Anthropology Faculty Scholarship
Current theoretical models of the commons assert that common-pool resources can only be managed sustainably with clearly defined boundaries around both communities and the resources that they use. In these theoretical models, open access inevitably leads to a tragedy of the commons. However, in many open-access systems, use of common-pool resources seems to be sustainable over the long term (i.e., current resource use does not threaten use of common-pool resources for future generations). Here, we outline the conditions that support sustainable resource use in open property regimes. We use the conceptual framework of complex adaptive systems to explain how processes …
Social Ecological Food Systems: Sustainability Lessons From Maine Dairy Networks, Julia B. Mcguire
Social Ecological Food Systems: Sustainability Lessons From Maine Dairy Networks, Julia B. Mcguire
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Milk production has played an integral role in the culture, landscape, and economy of Maine’s agriculture. Maine dairy farmers have faced numerous sustainability challenges to economic, environmental, and social aspects of their industry. Like many other complex social ecological systems, the Maine dairy industry faces a gap between scientific knowledge and actionable management or policy. A cultural dichotomy exists between conventional and organic farming. Shifting the focus from this binary, metrics such as social capital may play a key role in solving sustainability issues. Difficulties arise in the governance of complex social ecological systems when the scales of assessment, management, …
Trading Fat For Forests: On Palm Oil, Tropical Forest Conservation, And Rational Consumption, Cindy Isenhour
Trading Fat For Forests: On Palm Oil, Tropical Forest Conservation, And Rational Consumption, Cindy Isenhour
Anthropology Faculty Scholarship
The longstanding butter vs margarine debate has recently become more complex as the links between margarine, industrial palm oil plantations, and tropical deforestation are made increasingly clear. Yet despite calls for consumers to get informed and take responsibility for tropical deforestation by boycotting margarine or purchasing buttery spreads made with sustainably-sourced palm oil, research in multiple contexts demonstrates that even the most aware, engaged, and rational consumers run into significant barriers when trying to reduce their environmental impacts. This paper supplements important critiques of neoliberal conservation at the site of extraction or intended conservation (Carrier and West 2009; Igoe and …
A Study Of The Social And Economic Capacity Of Eastern Maine Fishing Communities: How Can Small-Scale Fishing Communities Participate In Catch Share Programs?, Teresa R. Johnson, Kevin Athearn
A Study Of The Social And Economic Capacity Of Eastern Maine Fishing Communities: How Can Small-Scale Fishing Communities Participate In Catch Share Programs?, Teresa R. Johnson, Kevin Athearn
University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports
This study aimed to assess the degree to which small-scale, fishery-dependent communities in eastern Maine can participate in the catch share system for New England groundfish. Catch share programs can take on a variety of forms, including: harvesting cooperatives, individual quotas, individual transferable quotas, or territorial user fishing rights (Holland and Wiersma 2010). In New England the regional Fishery Management Council implemented a catch share program beginning in 2010, known as sectors, where portions of the total allowable catch have been allocated to groups of fishermen. As managers continue to develop catch shares, and stocks hopefully rebuild, it is critical …
The Cost Of Useful Knowledge And Collective Action In Three Fisheries, James A. Wilson, James M. Acheson, Teresa Johnson
The Cost Of Useful Knowledge And Collective Action In Three Fisheries, James A. Wilson, James M. Acheson, Teresa Johnson
James Wilson
In a complex environment knowledge is valuable and its acquisition is costly; as a result people are careful about what to learn and how to learn it. We suggest that the dynamics of the “local” environment strongly influences the method that individuals choose to acquire useful knowledge and is one of the principal determinants of the way they compete and cooperate. We focus on theway different environments lead to different costs, especially the relative opportunity costs of search and communication and, consequently, to the emergence of different patterns of persistent cooperation and competition. In predictably regular and in predictably random …
Can Consumer Demand Deliver Sustainable Food?: Recent Research In Sustainable Consumption Policy & Practice, Cindy Isenhour
Can Consumer Demand Deliver Sustainable Food?: Recent Research In Sustainable Consumption Policy & Practice, Cindy Isenhour
Anthropology Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Defining And Implementing Best Available Science For Fisheries And Environmental Science, Policy, And Management, P. J. Sullivan, James Acheson, P. L. Angermeier, T. Faast, J. Flemma, C. M. Jones, E. E. Knudsen, T. J. Minello, D. H. Secor, R. Wunderlich, B. A. Zanetell
Defining And Implementing Best Available Science For Fisheries And Environmental Science, Policy, And Management, P. J. Sullivan, James Acheson, P. L. Angermeier, T. Faast, J. Flemma, C. M. Jones, E. E. Knudsen, T. J. Minello, D. H. Secor, R. Wunderlich, B. A. Zanetell
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
In the United States, many of the laws governing environmental conservation and management stipulate that the best available science be used as the basis for policy and decision making. The Endangered Species Act, for example, requires that decisions on listing a species as threatened or endangered be made on the basis of the "best scientific and commercial data available." Similarly, National Standard 2 of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act states that conservation and management measures shall be based on "the best scientific information available." Further, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has emphasized the role of best available science …
12,000-Year Record Of Lake-Level And Vegetative Change At Mathews Pond, Piscataquis County, Maine, Usa, Andrea Masterman Nurse
12,000-Year Record Of Lake-Level And Vegetative Change At Mathews Pond, Piscataquis County, Maine, Usa, Andrea Masterman Nurse
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study of late-glacial and Holocene changes in lake-level and vegetation at Mathews Pond contributes new information about Holocene environments in northeastern North America. The research establishes a 12,000-year record of paleohydrology for the watershed adjacent to Big Reed Forest Reserve, the largest stand of old-growth forest in the northeastern United States. Mathews Pond is a 7.4 ha, closed-basin, groundwaterseepage lake located in an upland, forested region of the Aroostook River drainage system. Glacial meltwater briefly filled the basin - 13.0 ka (1 ka = 1000 I4C yr BP)). The lake existed as a shallow pool in the deep area …
Confounding The Goals Of Management: Response Of The Maine Lobster Industry To A Trap Limit, James Acheson
Confounding The Goals Of Management: Response Of The Maine Lobster Industry To A Trap Limit, James Acheson
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
The behavior of fishermen is often far more complicated than assumed by fisheries managers. Those concerned with the Maine lobster (i.e., American lobster Homarus americanus, hereafter "lobster") fishery have long favored a cap on the number of traps each license holder can use. Fishermen favor trap limits primarily to cut costs and limit congestion, and managers believe such limits will help reduce fishing effort. Yet when trap limits were imposed by the legislature and the lobster zone councils between 1995 and 1998, the number of traps fished in Maine waters increased greatly. A survey of half the lobster license holders …
Coca Production On The Inca Frontier: The Yungas Of Chuquioma, Catherine J. Julien
Coca Production On The Inca Frontier: The Yungas Of Chuquioma, Catherine J. Julien
Andean Past
No abstract provided.
Biological And Economic Effects Of Increasing The Minimum Legal Size Of American Lobster In Maine, James Acheson, R. Reidman
Biological And Economic Effects Of Increasing The Minimum Legal Size Of American Lobster In Maine, James Acheson, R. Reidman
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
The Northeast Marine Fisheries Board recently completed a comprehensive management plan for American lobster Homarus americanus, the most important provision of which is to raise the legal minimum size of lobsters from 81 to 88.9 mm carapace length incrementally over 5 years. Its objective is to increase egg production and recruitment, and thus reduce the likelihood of stock failure; economic benefits are anticipated for fishermen. However, a model used to analyze the frequency distributions of some 9,000 Maine lobsters demonstrates that in every year the legal minimum size is increased, smaller numbers and less weight of lobsters would be landed …
Small Fishing Ports In Southern New England, Report To The National Science Foundation, Volume Ib, James Acheson, John T. Poggie Jr., Richard B. Pollnac
Small Fishing Ports In Southern New England, Report To The National Science Foundation, Volume Ib, James Acheson, John T. Poggie Jr., Richard B. Pollnac
University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports
Social and cultural aspects of fisheries management were examined to establish basic data on the fishing communities and fisheries of southern New England. Five small ports were selected for study--Newport, Chatham, and Westport, Massachusetts; Newport, Rhode Island; and Stonington, Connecticut. These ports differ in terms of local, social, and geographical conditions, fishing styles, and emphases. Results of the study show that these ports act as a backup for the industry as a whole by (1) providing sources of fish for local markets; (2) using low energy models which reduce energy costs; (3) allowing individual fishermen a greater opportunity to find …
A Model Of Adaptive Behavior In The New England Fishing Industry, Report To The National Science Foundation, Volume Iii, James Acheson, James A. Wilson
A Model Of Adaptive Behavior In The New England Fishing Industry, Report To The National Science Foundation, Volume Iii, James Acheson, James A. Wilson
University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports
This volume is the third in a three volume series of reports submitted to the National Science Foundation for a project entitled "University of Rhode Island, University of Maine Study of Social and Cultural Aspects of Fisheries Management Under Extended Jurisdiction" (N.S.F. Grant Number AER77-060l8). This project was funded through the RANN Directorate of N.S.F. (Research Applied to National Needs), and was designed to provide data on social, cultural, and economic aspects of the New England fishinq scene which would be of value to those in industry and government concerned with managing the marine fisheries of the northeastern part of …
The Fishing Ports Of Maine And New Hampshire: 1978, Report To The National Science Foundation, Volume I, James Acheson, Ann Acheson, John R. Bort, Jayne Lello
The Fishing Ports Of Maine And New Hampshire: 1978, Report To The National Science Foundation, Volume I, James Acheson, Ann Acheson, John R. Bort, Jayne Lello
University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports
This volume is part of a final report on social science aspects of fisheries management in New England and is divided into three sections. In Section I, general background information is given concerning aspects of the fisheries in northern New England. Included is a history of fishing in the area, general information on the coastal environment and biology of major species caught and a background on fishing boats and gear, marketing and processing, and the legal environment. Section II describes each of the ports in Maine and New Hampshire, as they were in the baseline year of 1978, outlining the …
Essays On Social And Cultural Aspects Of New England Fisheries: Implications For Management, 1980 Final Report, Volume Ii, James Acheson
Essays On Social And Cultural Aspects Of New England Fisheries: Implications For Management, 1980 Final Report, Volume Ii, James Acheson
University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports
This volume provides baseline data on the fishing communities and fisheries of New England, information on key values and social institutions, and a model for applying social science information to problems of fisheries management. Articles presented on institutions and values range from discussions of occupational commitment and types of fishermen and fish markets to studies of fishermen's wives and kinship. Several types of innovation, including a metal lobster trap and electronic fishing gear, are reported, and the social and economic factors that determine their adoption or non-adoption are considered. Four articles on applications of social and economic information to specific …
Attitudes Towards Limited Entry Among Fin Fishermen In Northern New England, James Acheson
Attitudes Towards Limited Entry Among Fin Fishermen In Northern New England, James Acheson
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Management of marine fisheries by "limited entry legislation" promises not only to protect the breeding stock and increase catches,but also to improve economic efficiency and increase returns to fishermen. It will also undoubtedly disrupt existing social and economic relationships. While no limited entry legislation is in effect in New England, fishermen know about the limited entry management option and have strong opinions that are certain to influence politicial support. Some of the 190 Maine and New Hampshire fishermen interviewed favor or oppose such legislation because their own "economic selfinterest" would be positively or negatively affected. Most, however, oppose or favor …