Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 30 of 42
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Performance Of Steers Limit-Fed In Drylot Or On Mature Native Pasture, F.K. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl
Performance Of Steers Limit-Fed In Drylot Or On Mature Native Pasture, F.K. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Growing steers were limit-fed the same amount of a grain- and silage-based ration either in drylot or on dormant native range. The steers wintered on pasture gained 14.2% slower (1.82 V5 2.08 lb/d; P<.01) and were 15.3% less efficient than those in drylot, apparently because of increased energy expenditure from voluntary exercise.
Value Of Ralgro® Implants In Feedlot Steers Previously Maintained On A High Endophyte-Infected Fescue Hay, L.R. Corah, F.K. Brazle, Frank Blecha, P.G. Reddy, R.E. Jr. Wary, J. Klindt
Value Of Ralgro® Implants In Feedlot Steers Previously Maintained On A High Endophyte-Infected Fescue Hay, L.R. Corah, F.K. Brazle, Frank Blecha, P.G. Reddy, R.E. Jr. Wary, J. Klindt
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Steers previously fed high-endophyte fescue hay showed a greater response of Ralgro® implants than those fed a low-endophyte hay. The mode of action for this response was not explained by cellular immune system responses or variability in prolactin levels.
Diagnosis Of Freemartinism In Heifers Born Co-Twin To A Bull, B.L. Larson, G.H. Kiracofe
Diagnosis Of Freemartinism In Heifers Born Co-Twin To A Bull, B.L. Larson, G.H. Kiracofe
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The wide variance in anatomical characteristics among heifers born co-twin to a bull make diagnosis of freemartinism by measurements of vaginal length or the distance between the anus and vulva unreliable. Change in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) in response to injection of estrogen or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is different in freemartins compared to normal heifers but is also an unreliable predictor of freemartinism. Presently, the most conclusive way to establish freemartinism in a heifer born co-twin to a bull is to measure the percentage of XX and XY chromosomes in cells from whole blood, which is a specialized and …
Increasing Levels Of Grain Supplementation For Intensive-Early Stocked Steers: Two-Year Summary, R.C. Cochran, Robert T. Brandt Jr., E.S. Vanzant, E.M. Clary, Clenton E. Owensby
Increasing Levels Of Grain Supplementation For Intensive-Early Stocked Steers: Two-Year Summary, R.C. Cochran, Robert T. Brandt Jr., E.S. Vanzant, E.M. Clary, Clenton E. Owensby
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
During the first 2 yr of a 4-yr experiment, increasing the level of grain sorghum supplementation (from 2 to 4 Ibid) for steers managed within an intensive-early stocking program tended to increase average daily gain in direct proportion to supplement level (2.3 (no supplement) to 2.5 and 2.7 lb/d, respectively). During both years, the amount of grass remaining in the pastures after the cattle were removed (July 15) and at the end of the growing season (October 1) was greater when cattle were supplemented with 4 lb of grain sorghum. Level of supplementation for grazing steers did not influence subsequent …
Moderation Of Ruminal Fermentation By Protozoa In Cattle Fed High-Grain Diets, G. Towne, A.B. Beharka, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Moderation Of Ruminal Fermentation By Protozoa In Cattle Fed High-Grain Diets, G. Towne, A.B. Beharka, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Ruminal protozoa in cattle fed high-grain diets appear to contribute to the maintenance of a stable ruminal fermentation. This was evidenced by higher ruminal pH's and lower volatile fatty acid concentrations in faunated (with protozoa) than defaunated (without protozoa) cattle. The moderation of fermentation was likely due to reduced bacterial numbers associated with the presence of protozoa.
Effects Of Amaferm® (Aspergillus Oryzae Fermentation Extract) On Performance And Body Temperature Of Stockers Fed Diets With Or Without Fescue Endophyte, K.P. Coffey, F.K. Brazle, Joseph L. Moyer
Effects Of Amaferm® (Aspergillus Oryzae Fermentation Extract) On Performance And Body Temperature Of Stockers Fed Diets With Or Without Fescue Endophyte, K.P. Coffey, F.K. Brazle, Joseph L. Moyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sixty-four stocker steers were offered endophyte-free fescue hay ad libitum, with either bromegrass or high-endophyte fescue seed screenings and supplements with or without Amaferm8 (Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract). Steers offered bromegrass seed screenings gained faster (P<.01), consumed more feed (P<.01), and converted feed dry matter to gain more efficiently (P<.01) than those fed fescue seed screenings. Amaferm did not affect stocker performance or reduce rectal temperature. Therefore, feeding high-endophyte fescue screenings reduced intake and daily gain, and Amaferm did not offset those effects.
Effect Of Protein Supplementation On Dormant, Bluestem-Range Forage Intake And Digestion And Protein Flow To The Small Intestine In Steers, S.M. Hannah, R.C. Cochran, D.L. Harmon, E.S. Vanzant
Effect Of Protein Supplementation On Dormant, Bluestem-Range Forage Intake And Digestion And Protein Flow To The Small Intestine In Steers, S.M. Hannah, R.C. Cochran, D.L. Harmon, E.S. Vanzant
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A digestion trial was conducted to determine dormant, bluestem-range forage intake, digestion, and protein flow to the small intestine in steers receiving different crude protein (CP) supplements. Dietary treatments were 1) control: no supplement; 2) low protein supplement (Low-CP): SBM + grain sorghum supplement containing 13% CP; 3) moderate protein supplement (Mod-CP): SBM + grain sorghum supplement containing 26% CP; and 4) dehydrated alfalfa pellets supplement (Dehy): supplement containing 17.5% CP. Forage intake increased an average of 36% in steers supplemented with Mod-CP and Dehy, compared to the forage intake of control steers. Forage intake of steers receiving Low-CP supplement …
Effect Of Deccox® In A Free-Choice, Grain-Mineral Mixture On Performance Of Yearlings Grazing Native Range, F.K. Brazle
Effect Of Deccox® In A Free-Choice, Grain-Mineral Mixture On Performance Of Yearlings Grazing Native Range, F.K. Brazle
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Including Deccox® in a free-choice, intake-limiting, grain-mineral mixture tended to increase grazing stocker gains and substantially reduced the percentage of newly arrived cattle treated for sickness and the number of treatments required per animal.
Comparison Of Steer Feedlot Performance And Carcass Trait Uniformity By Method Of Sorting, P.L. Houghton, D.D. Simms, James J. Higgins
Comparison Of Steer Feedlot Performance And Carcass Trait Uniformity By Method Of Sorting, P.L. Houghton, D.D. Simms, James J. Higgins
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Long yearling steers (n=997) of various biological types from two origins were used to test performance and carcass trait uniformity of unsorted cattle, visually sorted cattle, and cattle sorted by ultrasound and hip height. No significant differences (P>.05) in initial backfat uniformity were identified between sorted and unsorted groups; however, very little variation existed across all treatments (.17±.033 in.). Initial backfat had positive linear relationships with initial weight and carcass backfat and negative linear relationships with days on feed and daily gain (P<.05). These data indicate a reliable measurement of initial backfat could be useful for predicting days on feed and/or carcass backfat in long yearling steers, but economic usefulness will depend upon the variability of the cattle and the method of grouping.
Preliminary Carcass And Meat Research Results From Cycle Iv Of The Cattle Germ Plasm Evaluation Program, L.V. Cundiff, R.M. Koch, K.E. Gregory, J.D. Crouse, Michael E. Dikeman
Preliminary Carcass And Meat Research Results From Cycle Iv Of The Cattle Germ Plasm Evaluation Program, L.V. Cundiff, R.M. Koch, K.E. Gregory, J.D. Crouse, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Preliminary data representing two of five calf crops in Cycle IV of the Germ Plasm Evaluation Program are reported. Carcass and meat data from 454 steers produced by mating 11 sire breeds to Hereford and Angus dams were obtained. Hereford (H) and Angus (A) sires born in the late 1960's (original) and also 1982 to 1984 (new) were compared. Steers sired by the new sample of H and A sires were heavier at slaughter than those of original sires, whereas marbling and percentages of trimmed retail product (% TRP) have not changed. HA and AH had lower % TRP than …
Cow/Calf Profitability: Case Studies Of Kansas Cattle Producers, D.D. Simms, T.T. Marston
Cow/Calf Profitability: Case Studies Of Kansas Cattle Producers, D.D. Simms, T.T. Marston
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Cost/return analyses of 56 Kansas cow/calf operations were summarized to determine the major factors influencing 1987 and 1988 cow herd profitability. Gross returns and costs on a per cow unit basis were extremely variable. with the bottom 1/3 of these operations essentially breaking even. whereas the high 1/3 profitability group averaged $228.40 per head in net cash returns. Both operating and fixed costs were major determinants of profitability. Reproductive rate (calves weaned per cow exposed) was the major production variable affecting profitability.
Fat Source Effects On Finishing Steer Digestion And Metabolism, B.J. Bock, D.L. Harmon, Robert T. Brandt Jr., J.E. Schneider
Fat Source Effects On Finishing Steer Digestion And Metabolism, B.J. Bock, D.L. Harmon, Robert T. Brandt Jr., J.E. Schneider
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design was used to explore the effects of fat source (none vs 3.5% soybean oil soapstock or animal tallow) when fed with high (1.0%) calcium on digestion and metabolism of a finishing diet by steers. Adding fat did not affect site or extent of starch or dry matter digestion. A net synthesis of long chain fatty acids occurred in the rumen. Feeding fat tended (P=.ll) to depress bacterial N flowing at the duodenum but did not affect nonbacterial N or total N.
Utilization Of Steam-Flaked Milo Or Corn And Supplemental Fat By Finishing Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Gerry L. Kuhl, A.S. Freeman, Curtis L. Kastner
Utilization Of Steam-Flaked Milo Or Corn And Supplemental Fat By Finishing Steers, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Gerry L. Kuhl, A.S. Freeman, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred forty crossbred yearling steers (815 lb) were utilized to evaluate grain type (steam flaked com vs steam flaked milo) and supplemental fat (O or 4% yellow grease) on finishing performance. There were no differences in carcass-adjusted average daily gain, feed intake, or feed conversion between steers fed milo vs com. Calculated NEtn and NEg contents of flaked milo were approximately 99% those of flaked com and 15 to 20% greater than those of dry rolled milo (NRC, 1984). Supplemental yellow grease increased (P=.12) average daily gain 4.4% and improved (P<.05) feed efficiency 6%. There were no grain type x fat interactions for any performance parameter measured. Steers fed milo had smaller (P<.05) ribeye areas and tended to have more baclcfat and internal (KPH) fat than com-fed steers. As a result, milo-fed steers had a higher (P<.OOI) yield grade. Steers fed com had a higher (P<.OOI) degree of yellow pigmentation in external fat than those fed milo. Supplemental yellow grease resulted in an additive increase (P<.025) in yellow pigmentation. There were no differences in peak shear force or sensory traits of beef longissimus muscle as a result of either grain type or fat level. Our data indicate that steam flaking can increase the net energy value of milo to nearly that of flaked com, with no detrimental effects on the quality of beef produced.
Influence Of Ruminal Butyrate Supply On Net Nutrient Production And Absorption In Steers, C.R. Krehbiel, D.L. Harmon, J.E. Schneider
Influence Of Ruminal Butyrate Supply On Net Nutrient Production And Absorption In Steers, C.R. Krehbiel, D.L. Harmon, J.E. Schneider
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Six Holstein steers were used to evaluate the effects of increasing ruminal butyrate on net nutrient production and absorption by the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Ruminal and arterial concentrations and net hepatic flux of butyrate increased with increasing butyrate infusion. Concentrations of glucose and a-amino-N in arterial blood decreased as butyrate infusion increased. Of the ruminal butyrate infused, 24.5% appeared in portal blood as butyrate. Acetoacetate, D-β-hydroxybutyrate, and a-amino-N were the nutrients most altered by increasing ruminal butyrate.
An Evaluation Of Seven Pioneer Corn Hybrids For Silage And A Comparison Of Irrigated Vs Dryland Silages, D.G. Tiemann, K.K. Bolsen, R. Suazo, D. Johnson
An Evaluation Of Seven Pioneer Corn Hybrids For Silage And A Comparison Of Irrigated Vs Dryland Silages, D.G. Tiemann, K.K. Bolsen, R. Suazo, D. Johnson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Seven Pioneer corn hybrids and one grain sorghum hybrid were grown under both irrigated and dryland conditions in 1988 and compared for agronomic and silage quality traits. Com hybrid silage yields ranged from 4.5 to 7.6 tons of dry matter (OM) per acre (mean, 5.8 tons) and grain yield, from 64 to 115 bu per acre (mean, 87 bu). Pre-ensiled DM content of the corn hybrids ranged from 26.7 to 33.0% (mean, 29.5%) and plant height from 82 to 108 in. (mean, 94 in.). In a digestion trial with sheep, apparent DM digestibility ranged from 66.0 to 71.0% (mean 69.6%); …
Seventeen Years Of Kansas Central Bull Tests, R.R. Schalles, B.J. Ward, K.O. Zoellner, L.C. Martin
Seventeen Years Of Kansas Central Bull Tests, R.R. Schalles, B.J. Ward, K.O. Zoellner, L.C. Martin
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Weights. frame scores. scrotal circumferences, and prices of bulls increased significantly over 17 years. Angus had the greatest increase in birth weight, average daily gain (ADG) during test, adjusted yearling weight, and frame score, whereas Simmental had the greatest increase in adjusted weaning weight. Backfat and ribeye area decreased over this period. Large frame score had the greatest effect on increasing sale priCe of bulls. Gelbvieh bulls with heavy birth weights sold for less, whereas heavy birth weight Limousin and Polled Hereford bulls sold for more. Rank correlations indicated a significant change in rank between 112- and 140-d ADG. About …
Managing Beef Genotypes For Profit: A Computer Simulation, R.R. Schalles, L.C. Martin, K.O. Zoellner
Managing Beef Genotypes For Profit: A Computer Simulation, R.R. Schalles, L.C. Martin, K.O. Zoellner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In a computer simulation based on KSU data, cattle bred and managed to be moved directly from weaning to feedlot and slaughtered at a young age produced the greatest profit. Cattle that were too small or too large and management systems that increased age at slaughter were less profitable. This accelerated system of production allows a producer to take advantage of superior genetics and the economic opportunities they provide, especially with retained ownership. The beef industry has the opportunity to continue to produce quality beef, while reducing days to slaughter by taking advantage of the higher efficiency of feed conversion …
Relationship Of Milk Production In Angus And Simmental Cows With Milk Expected Progeny Differences (Epds) And Calf Weaning Weight, T.T. Marston, D.D. Simms, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner, L.C. Martin, G.M. Fink
Relationship Of Milk Production In Angus And Simmental Cows With Milk Expected Progeny Differences (Epds) And Calf Weaning Weight, T.T. Marston, D.D. Simms, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner, L.C. Martin, G.M. Fink
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Spring and fall calving Angus (n==86) and Simmental (n==96) cows at three different locations in Kansas were used to evaluate the relationships between milk production, Milk Expected Progeny Difference (Milk EPD), and calf weaning weight. A change of 1 lb in Milk EPD resulted in 4.95 lb change in calf weaning weight in Angus and 4.60 lb in Simmental. Each lb increase in Milk EPD predicted a 69.87 lb increase in total lactation milk production in Angus and 70.741b in Simmentals. Positive correlations were .40 and .64 between Milk EPD and total milk produced per lactation and .24 and .49 …
Evaluation Of Wheat Middlings-Based Supplements At Different Crude Protein Concentrations For Cattle Consuming Winter Range Forage, G.D. Sunvold, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant
Evaluation Of Wheat Middlings-Based Supplements At Different Crude Protein Concentrations For Cattle Consuming Winter Range Forage, G.D. Sunvold, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Influence of increasing crude protein concentration in a wheat middlings-based supplement was evaluated in an intake/digestion trial. Protein-supplemented steers demonstrated increased (P<.01) intake of dormant, bluestem-range forage when compared with unsupplemented steers. Although increasing concentration of supplemental crude protein from 15 to 20% substantially increased (P<.01) forage and total dry matter intake. only slight increases in forage and total dry matter intake occurred when the concentration exceeded 20%. Protein supplementation increased (P<.01) fiber and dry matter digestibilities. Additionally. fiber digestibility tended (P=.087) to increase with increasing crude protein concentration of the supplement. Results suggest that when feeding a wheat middlings-based supplement. the crude protein concentration should be 20% or higher to optimize use of poor-quality forage.
Indigenous Microflora On Alfalfa And Corn, And Population Changes During Ensiling, C. Lin, R.A. Hart, K.K. Bolsen, J.T. Dickerson, J.L. Curtis
Indigenous Microflora On Alfalfa And Corn, And Population Changes During Ensiling, C. Lin, R.A. Hart, K.K. Bolsen, J.T. Dickerson, J.L. Curtis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Enterobacteriaceae, yeasts, molds, and lactate-using yeasts were examined on four cuttings of alfalfa, each at three maturity stagest and three com hybrids in 1989. In addition, microflora population changes were traced during ensiling for the second and fourth cutting alfalfas and the three com hybrids. Enterobacteriaceae were predominant on alfalfa; yeasts, molds, and Enterobacteriaceae predominated on com. Higher proportions of lactate-using yeast were found on com than alfalfa. Lactic acid bacteria comprised a small (104 to 105 CFU/g) proportion of the total (lot») populations, with streptococci the main indigenous LAB group. Lactobacilli, pediococci, and leuconostoc were …
Nitrate Variation In Sudan Hay Bales From The Same Field, Carl H. Garten
Nitrate Variation In Sudan Hay Bales From The Same Field, Carl H. Garten
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Individual large round bales of sudan hay from the same cutting and field ranged from 1,525 to 6,250 ppm nitrate (NO3 ), with an average of 2,764 ppm. These results illustrate the substantial variability that can occur in the nitrate content of forage packages because of location in the field and serves to caution producers when feeding such forages.
Yield And Nutritional Quality Of Nine Summer Annual Forages, Gerry L. Kuhl, J.P. Shroyes, Paul D. Hartman, Dale L. Fjell
Yield And Nutritional Quality Of Nine Summer Annual Forages, Gerry L. Kuhl, J.P. Shroyes, Paul D. Hartman, Dale L. Fjell
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Nine summer annual forages were studied to evaluate yield and nutritional quality differences resulting from forage type and cultivar when cut at two stages of maturity. Substantial dry matter yield and quality differences were observed among the six hybrid pearl millets tested. Several hybrid pearl millets gave comparable dry matter yields to the sorghum-sudans at boot and headed stages of growth. Hybrid pearl millets were much higher in crude protein than the hybrid sorghum-sudans and sudangrass. Although yield increased markedly between boot and headed cutting stages, nutritional value declined greatly. Nitrate levels were excessively high in all forages when harvested …
Effect Of Niacin Supplementation Of Stockers Grazing Tall Fescue Pastures, F.K. Brazle, K.P. Coffey, L.R. Corah, Joseph L. Moyer
Effect Of Niacin Supplementation Of Stockers Grazing Tall Fescue Pastures, F.K. Brazle, K.P. Coffey, L.R. Corah, Joseph L. Moyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In three trials, there was no gain response by stockers offered supplemental niacin while grazing tall fescue pasture in the spring or fall. There was a trend toward lower body temperatures for niacin-supplemented cattle, but this was not significant. Niacin fed at 2 to 4 g per head daily did not reduce the fescue endophyte fungus problem.
Dose Response To Supplemental Fat By Finishing Steers, S.M. Gramlich, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Ronald V. Pope
Dose Response To Supplemental Fat By Finishing Steers, S.M. Gramlich, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Ronald V. Pope
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A trial with 100 head of crossbred steers (avg wt 879 lb) was conducted to determine the effects of tallow (none, 2, 4, 6, 8% of ration dry matter) on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing cattle fed a corn-based diet. Protein levels were maintained at a constant ratio to the calculated metabolizable energy concentration of the diets. Initially, feed intake decreased as tallow increased; however, similar intakes were obtained after 11 days. Dry matter intakes throughout the finishing period were reduced 5.2, 6.9 and 7.7%, respectively, for the 4, 6 and 8% tallow diets. Average daily gain was …
Influence Of Fat And Ionophores On Performance Of Finishing Steers, E.M. Clary, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Ronald V. Pope
Influence Of Fat And Ionophores On Performance Of Finishing Steers, E.M. Clary, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Ronald V. Pope
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred ninety-two crossbred steers were used in a 2 x 4 factorially arranged experiment to study the effects of including fat and ionophores in finishing rations. Main effects were level of supplemental fat (0 or 4% tallow) and ionophore type [none, Bovatece (B), Rumensine + 'JYlane (RT), or daily rotation of Band RT (BRT)]. Daily feed intake (P<.10) and daily gain (P<.OO5) were reduced for steers fed R'T, but only when fat was included in the diet. In diets containing no supplemental fat, RT increased daily gain 10%. RT improved feed efficiency 8% (P<.05) in nonfat diets, but there was no difference between ionophores in diets containing fat. Adding fat improved feed efficiency of steers fed no ionophore or B. This study suggests that response of finishing steers to ionophores can be modified by the inclusion of fat in the diet.
Effect Of Fats And Ionophores On In Vitro Fermentation Of A High Concentrate Diet, E.M. Clary, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Effect Of Fats And Ionophores On In Vitro Fermentation Of A High Concentrate Diet, E.M. Clary, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Batch culture fermentations were used to determine the effects of fat type [none, animal tallow (AT), soybean oil soapstock (SOY), or yellow grease (YG)] and ionophore type [none, lasalocid (L), monensin + tylosin in a ratio of 2.5:1 (MT), or a 50:50 combination of Land MT (LMT)] on in vitro concentrations of lactate (LA) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Fat-containing substrates had 4% fat on a dry basis. No significant interactions between fat and ionophore treatments were observed. Ionophore treatment resulted in a reduced pH, with the greatest reduction in the L treatment. lbtal VFA and LA increased with ionophore …
Value Of Rice Mill Feed As A Feedstuff For Backgrounding Heifers, F.K. Brazle, K.P. Coffey
Value Of Rice Mill Feed As A Feedstuff For Backgrounding Heifers, F.K. Brazle, K.P. Coffey
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Stocker heifers were fed diets of either 67% rice mill feed + 33 % dehydrated alfalfa pellets (RA) or a 67% grain sorghum + 33% dehydrated alfalfa pellets (GA). The RA heifers consumed more feed daily but gained slower (P<.05), resulting in poorer feed efficiency. RA heifers also had a lower percentage shrink (P<.05) during the first 2 1/2 hr of simulated trucking. Rice mill feed is a poor feedstuff for growing calves when included in rations at high levels.
Aspirated Oat Liftings For Growing Calves, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Gerry L. Kuhl, F.K. Brazle, L.R. Corah, Ronald V. Pope
Aspirated Oat Liftings For Growing Calves, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Gerry L. Kuhl, F.K. Brazle, L.R. Corah, Ronald V. Pope
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Feed value of aspirated oat liftings (AOL), a by-product of the oat milling industry, was evaluated by using it to replace 33, 67, or 100% of 36 lb/bu oats in a growing diet fed to heifers. Ammonia treatment of AOL was also tested. Dry matter intake and feed/gain increased linearly (P<.10) with increased AOL. Daily gains were similar for 33, 67, and 100% AOL inclusions, which were lower (P<.01) than the control (0% AOL). Despite lower performance, cheaper costs of production may be achieved with AOL depending on its price relative to other feedstuffs. Ammonia treatment of AOL had no beneficial effect on heifer performance in this study.
Evaluation Of Attributes Affecting Tenderness Differences Between Bos Taurus And Bos Indicus Cattle, G. Whipple, M. Koohmaraie, J.D. Crouse, Melvin C. Hunt, R.D. Klemm, Michael E. Dikeman
Evaluation Of Attributes Affecting Tenderness Differences Between Bos Taurus And Bos Indicus Cattle, G. Whipple, M. Koohmaraie, J.D. Crouse, Melvin C. Hunt, R.D. Klemm, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Biological tenderness differences between longissimus muscles from 3/8 and 5/8 Sahiwal (Bos indicus) x Hereford-Angus and from Hereford-Angus (Bos taurus) were evaluated. No significant breed cross effects were observed for carcass traits or rates of pH and temperature decline. Loin steaks from Hereford x Angus had lower (P<.05) shear-force values and higher (P<.05) taste panel tenderness scores at 1 and 14 d postmortem. No breed effects existed for muscle fiber sarcomere length, muscle fiber type, muscle collagen, cathepsin enzyme activity, or calcium-dependent protease-I and -II activity. However, calcium-dependent protease inhibitor activity at 24 hr postmortem was greater (P<.01) in Sahiwal-crosses than for Hereford-Angus. Less protein degradation, which causes tenderization during aging, occurred in Sahiwal-crosses by d 14 than in Hereford-Angus at d 1 postmortem. Therefore, mechanisms involving calcium-dependent protease and its inhibitor may be the principal factors causing tenderness differences between Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeds.
Effects Of Processing Variables On Iridescence In Precooked Beef, H. Wang, Donald H. Kropf, Melvin C. Hunt, Curtis L. Kastner
Effects Of Processing Variables On Iridescence In Precooked Beef, H. Wang, Donald H. Kropf, Melvin C. Hunt, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Beef semitendinosus (ST) muscles with injected water (3 or 10% of raw muscle weight) and phosphate (0.3%) were cooked to final internal temperatures of 130 (held at 130 for 121 min), 140 (held at 140 for 12 min), 145, or 155°1\ then sliced at 30, 45, 120, 130, or 145<>P by either a dull or a sharp slicer. Biceps femoris (BF) muscles had the same treatment but only at 3% water addition. Controls were uninjected muscles from the opposite side of the carcass. For ST muscles (all with 0.3% added phosphate), 3% added water resulted in less iridescence than …