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Articles 1 - 30 of 477
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Cartilage Regeneration On A Large Articular Surface Facilitated By Stress Shielding, Charles L. Mcdowell, Jennifer S. Wayne, Robert Tuten, Hunter H. Mcguire Jr.
Cartilage Regeneration On A Large Articular Surface Facilitated By Stress Shielding, Charles L. Mcdowell, Jennifer S. Wayne, Robert Tuten, Hunter H. Mcguire Jr.
Virginia Journal of Science
An animal model for the study of articular cartilage regeneration in-vivo facilitated by stress-shielding is introduced. The object of the model is to test the hypothesis that some form of cartilaginous tissue will grow upon a large joint surface in vivo with the joint in normal motion. The model utilizes the known capability of immature cells to differentiate. The source of cells is bleeding subchondral bone. In addition, the model provides a mechanically shielded environment in which cell differentiation and maturation can occur. The study showed that a substantial amount of tissue will grow in the animal model only when …
Pfiesteria Piscicida And Dinoflagellates Similar To Pfiesteria, Harold G. Marshall
Pfiesteria Piscicida And Dinoflagellates Similar To Pfiesteria, Harold G. Marshall
Virginia Journal of Science
Pfiesteria pisiccida is a microscopic, unicellular organism that is classified as both a mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellate, which has been associated with both fish deaths and a cause of human illness (Burkholder et al., 1992; Glasgow et al., 1995; Burkholder and Glasgow, 1997). This species possesses a complex life cycle that includes motile forms (e.g. zoospores, gametes, amoebae) and a cyst stage that may remain dormant in the sediment (Burkholder et al., 1995b). Pfiesteria piscicida is known to have toxin and non-toxin producing populations, where cyst transformation into the toxic motile zoospores may be initiated by the presence of certain …
Health Transfers: An Application Of Health-Health Analysis To Assess Food Safety Regulations, Fred Kuchler, Jackqueline L. Teague, Richard A. Williams, Don W. Anderson
Health Transfers: An Application Of Health-Health Analysis To Assess Food Safety Regulations, Fred Kuchler, Jackqueline L. Teague, Richard A. Williams, Don W. Anderson
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The authors apply a Health-Health Analysis to risks associated with harvesting Gulf oysters to evaluate that approach to managing health and safety risks.
The Mayfly Newsletter, Peter M. Grant
The Mayfly Newsletter, Peter M. Grant
The Mayfly Newsletter
The Mayfly Newsletter is the official newsletter of the Permanent Committee of the International Conferences on Ephemeroptera.
Conservation Status Of The Southern Appalachian Herpetofauna, Joseph C. Mitchell, Thomas K. Pauley, David I. Withers, Steven M. Roble, Brian T. Miller, Alvin L. Braswell, Paul V. Cupp Jr., Christopher S. Hobson
Conservation Status Of The Southern Appalachian Herpetofauna, Joseph C. Mitchell, Thomas K. Pauley, David I. Withers, Steven M. Roble, Brian T. Miller, Alvin L. Braswell, Paul V. Cupp Jr., Christopher S. Hobson
Virginia Journal of Science
Seventy one species of amphibians (55 salamanders, 16 anurans) and 46 species of reptiles (15 turtles, 8 lizards, 23 snakes) inhabit a five state area (Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia) in the southern Appalachian region bordered by the Potomac River, the Blue Ridge Mountains, and the western margin of the Appalachian Plateau. Of these, 47.9 % of the amphibian fauna and 52.2 % of the reptilian fauna are listed as being of conservation concern by federal, state, and Natural Heritage programs in all or a portion of their ranges of this region. The Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon Shenandoah …
Two New Sex Determining Factors ( M V , F D ) In Housefly, (Musca Domestica) Populations In Turkey, Şükran Çakir
Two New Sex Determining Factors ( M V , F D ) In Housefly, (Musca Domestica) Populations In Turkey, Şükran Çakir
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In most strains of the common housefly, Musca domestica, sex is genetically determined by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome with a dominant male determining factor, M. Standard trains have an XX-XY mechanism. In certain laboratory and natural populations, however, neither females nor males have the Y chromosome. These non-standard populations have autosomal mechanisms for sex determination. In the present study, the existence of two new autosomal sex determining factors, M V and F D , in housefly populations in Turkey was determined.
Survey Of Medium And Large Mammals In An Urban Park (Murray Park), Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas, Josie H. Dickins, David W. Clark, Steffany C. White, Gary A. Heidt
Survey Of Medium And Large Mammals In An Urban Park (Murray Park), Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas, Josie H. Dickins, David W. Clark, Steffany C. White, Gary A. Heidt
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
Because of increased environmental awareness by city planning commissions, there are more urban parks and greenbelt areas. These areas often result in increased human and wildlife contacts, thus resulting in the need for management plans regarding urban wildlife. From September 1998 to March 1999, we conducted mammal surveys of the urban greenspace Murray Park, Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas. Surveys were conducted using five methods: direct observations; spot lighting; live trapping; animal sign; and scent posts. Species recorded included, opossum (Didelphis virginiana), nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), beaver (Castor canadensis), woodchuck (Marmota monax), …
Improving Feed Grains, Bruce P. Mullan
Improving Feed Grains, Bruce P. Mullan
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4
Clearly, to encourage grain growers to focus their production systems towards feed grains, it is important to first identify the reasons for variation in the nutritional value of grains and then to develop rapid, cheap, and accurate methods of measuring these factors. The analytical methods should ideally be suitable for application either at the site of grain delivery from the farm or within the place of stockfeed manufacture. This will mean the nutritional value of the grain can be known before it is used. The rational marketing of feed grains could then be achieved, with the benefits from more efficient …
Copper, Zinc, Lead And Cadmium Concentrations In The Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus Galloprovincialislamarck,1819 From The Sinop Coast Of The Black Sea, Levent Bat, Ayşe Gündoğdu, Meral Öztürk, Mehmet Öztürk
Copper, Zinc, Lead And Cadmium Concentrations In The Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus Galloprovincialislamarck,1819 From The Sinop Coast Of The Black Sea, Levent Bat, Ayşe Gündoğdu, Meral Öztürk, Mehmet Öztürk
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The concentrations of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in the living tissue of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Sinop coasts of the Black Sea were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for monitoring metal pollution in the coastal water. A statistically significant difference in the concentrations of all metals was observed among four sampling stations. The results were compared with previous studies and discussed.
Specific Composition And Number Of Testaceous Amoebae(Testacea Lobosia, Protozoa) Of Ganlı-Gol Lake, Ilham Alekperov, Nataly Snegovaya
Specific Composition And Number Of Testaceous Amoebae(Testacea Lobosia, Protozoa) Of Ganlı-Gol Lake, Ilham Alekperov, Nataly Snegovaya
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Testaceous amoebae in plankton peryphithon and benthos of the Ganlı-Gol lake in the Baku suburbs were investigated with respect to specific composition and number. Twenty-four of 64 species were recognized as a new faunal assemblage for the Caucasus. The largest diversity and number of species df testaceous amoebae occurred in benthos in silty deposits. Representatives of Difflugiidae, Centropyxidae and Arcellidae families appear to be dominant on the basis of the abundance of species.
A Review On The Control Of Eutrophication In Deep And Shallow Lakes, Meryem Bekli̇oğlu
A Review On The Control Of Eutrophication In Deep And Shallow Lakes, Meryem Bekli̇oğlu
Turkish Journal of Zoology
There has been a much debate about the relative importance of the determination of phytoplankton crops by nutrients (bottom-up control) or by zooplankton grazing (top-down control). Wide acceptance of the importance of nutrient concentrations in water quality deterioration has brought about external nutrient control by which eutrophication is, to some extent, reversible, and which has been proved its effectiveness mostly in deep lakes. In shallow lakes its effectiveness has not been as pronounced, owing to internal nutrient loading. Because the non-linearity of responses of biological systems is much more accentuated in small and shallow lakes. The use of profound effects …
Diurnal Variation Of Water Chemistry Andzooplankton In Little Mere, Cheshire, Uk, In 1993 And 1994, Meryem Bekli̇oğlu, Brian Moss
Diurnal Variation Of Water Chemistry Andzooplankton In Little Mere, Cheshire, Uk, In 1993 And 1994, Meryem Bekli̇oğlu, Brian Moss
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In Little Mere, diurnal sampling of the zooplankton at three different habitats in 1993 provided little evidence to support the data of Timms and Moss (10) that cladocerans move out from refugia at night to graze in open water. The floating-leaved water lily, appeared to be more efficient at providing refuge to D. hyalina in the presence of high planktivore fish predation than the submerged plant beds and the open water. This might be due to unfavourable physical and chemical environmental conditions associated with the water lily bed for fish feeding, a possibility supported by the findings of very low …
Responses Of Meteorus Versicolor Wesm. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) To The Population Density Of Tephrina Arenacearia Den. Et Schiff. (Lepidoptera. Geomatridae), Ilhama Gudrat Gizi Kerimova, Arifa Akhmed Gizi Abdinbekova
Responses Of Meteorus Versicolor Wesm. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) To The Population Density Of Tephrina Arenacearia Den. Et Schiff. (Lepidoptera. Geomatridae), Ilhama Gudrat Gizi Kerimova, Arifa Akhmed Gizi Abdinbekova
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The purpose of this research was the determination of the effectiveness of Meteorus versicolor Wesm. in the control of Tephrina arenacearia Den. et Schiff. We studied the behavioral responses of this braconid to changes the number of hosts in laboratory conditions. It was revealed that this parasitoid is distributed proportionally to host population density. M. versicolor can parasitize both the single and accumulated larvae of the host.
The Growth And Reproduction Characteristics Of Chub Leuciscus Cephalus Orientalis (Nordmann, 1840) Living In The River Aras, Mustafa Türkmen, H. İbrahi̇m Hali̇loğlu, Orhan Erdoğan, Ayhan Yildirim
The Growth And Reproduction Characteristics Of Chub Leuciscus Cephalus Orientalis (Nordmann, 1840) Living In The River Aras, Mustafa Türkmen, H. İbrahi̇m Hali̇loğlu, Orhan Erdoğan, Ayhan Yildirim
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, the populations structure, growth and reproduction characteristics of 1091 Leuciscus cephalus orientalis from the Yagan Region of River Aras between December 1995 and November 1997 were investigated monthly. The age composition of this species ranged between I and VIII. Individuals were composed of 48.85% males and 51.15% females. Female individuals attained greater size and age than males. The largest Female captured was 27.5 cm FL and age VIII, while the largest male was 24.1 cm FL and age VIII. Von Bertalanffy growth equations (in length and weight) and length-weight relationships were found as Lt=32.47(1-e -0.1217(t+1.63) ), Wt=502.10(1-e …
Accumulation Of Some Heavy Metals In Tilapia Zillii Organs From Lake Manzalah, Egypt, Mohamed Ali̇ Zyadah
Accumulation Of Some Heavy Metals In Tilapia Zillii Organs From Lake Manzalah, Egypt, Mohamed Ali̇ Zyadah
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The accumulation of copper, zinc, cadmium and lead in flesh, gills, liver and gonads of Tilapia zillii were determined. Fish sizes, sexes and metal accumulation by the fish organs were studied. The levels of those heavy metals are occasionally higher in females than in males, this could be attributed to the fact that females have a higher tendency to accumulate heavy metals in fish 8- 11 cm in length were obtained, while medium sizes of fish (11-13 cm) showed more remarkable concentrations than the other sizes through both seasons and sites. The flesh accumulated low concentrations of heavy metals in …
A Preliminary Review Of The Subfamily Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) In Turkey, İrfan Aslan, Blagoy Gruev, Hi̇kmet Özbek
A Preliminary Review Of The Subfamily Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) In Turkey, İrfan Aslan, Blagoy Gruev, Hi̇kmet Özbek
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Distributional data about 234 species and subspecies belonging to 21 genera of Alticinae in Turkey are given. Thirteen of these taxa, Altica lythri Aubé, Aphthona rugipennis Ogloblin, Chaetocnema laevicollis (Thomson), Dibolia rugulosa Redtenbacher, Longitarsus atricillus (Gyllenhal), L. bytinskii Furth, L. jacobaeae (Waterhouse), L. reichei (Allard), L. salviae Gruev, Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius), Ph. tetrastigma (Comolli), Psylliodes saulcyi Allard, P. testaceiconcolor Heikertinger, and one subspecies, Longitarsus alfierii furthi Gruev are new records for the fauna of Turkey. Four species (Longitarsus artvinus Gruev et Aslan, L. kopdagiensis Gruev et Aslan, Phyllotreta oltuensis Gruev et Aslan, Ph. ozbeki Gruev et Aslan) the orginal descriptions …
Some Morphological Features Of The Rectal Sac Of The Silkworm (Bombyx Mori: Bombycidae), Beri̇a Falakali Mutaf, Gamze Turgay
Some Morphological Features Of The Rectal Sac Of The Silkworm (Bombyx Mori: Bombycidae), Beri̇a Falakali Mutaf, Gamze Turgay
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The silkworm moth escapes from the pupal-protection case by utilizing cocoon-digesting enzymes. The rectal sac was examined in relation to the behaviour of the animal. Pupae and pharate adults were obtained from commercial races and were reared in the laboratory. The ball-shaped rectal sac, easily distinguishable within the abdomen of the silkworm, was found to contain two phased creamy fluid. The occurance and the shape of the organ and the usage of its fluid suggest its role in perforation of the cocoon.
A Study On Morphology And Karyology Of Prometheomys Schaposchnikowi Satunin, 1901 (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Turkey, Ercüment Çolak, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Mustafa Sözen, Reyhan Çolak, Şaki̇r Özkurt
A Study On Morphology And Karyology Of Prometheomys Schaposchnikowi Satunin, 1901 (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Turkey, Ercüment Çolak, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Mustafa Sözen, Reyhan Çolak, Şaki̇r Özkurt
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Karyological, morphological, bacular and phallic aspects of Prometheomys schaposchnikowi were examined based on 22specimens collected in Ardanuç and Ardahan. The diploid number of chromosomes is 2n=56, the number of autosomal arms isNFa=100, and the fundamental number is NF=104, the X chromosome is a large submetacentric, and the Y chromosome is thesmallest metacentric. In adults, sagittal crest begins in frontal region, ends in parietal region into two parts. The phallus is covered with spines. The length of phallus is 15.94 mm in average. The median part of distal baculum is 1.51 in length. Proximal baculum is 3.74 mm in length.
Karyological Analysis And Body Proportion Of Catfish (Clariidae, Clarias Lazera, Valenciennes, 1840) In The Göksu Delta, Turkey, Serap Ergene Gözükara, Ender Portakal, Arzu Karahan
Karyological Analysis And Body Proportion Of Catfish (Clariidae, Clarias Lazera, Valenciennes, 1840) In The Göksu Delta, Turkey, Serap Ergene Gözükara, Ender Portakal, Arzu Karahan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Chromosome analysis of Clarias lazera living in wet lands located in Göksu River (Göksu Delta) was accomplished by modified air-drying. Clarias lazera was found to have 18 metacentric, 26 submetacentric and 12 acrocentric chromosomes. Twenty-five systematically important meristic and morphometric characters of Clarias lazera in the Göksu Delta were examined for 49 specimens. In order to clarify the taxonomic status of Clarias lazera, which is not originally from this region, karyological analyses were carried out, and certain some morhometric characteristics were investigated.
A Taxonomic Study On The Fish In The Basin Of Büyükçekmece Dam Lake, Müfi̇t Özuluğ
A Taxonomic Study On The Fish In The Basin Of Büyükçekmece Dam Lake, Müfi̇t Özuluğ
Turkish Journal of Zoology
This study was carried out to determine the fish fauna of the basin of Büyükçekmece Dam Lake and to study the taxonomic characteristics of the fish present. As a result of examined the 586 specimens collected between April 1995 and September 1997, it was revealed that 23 fish species, including 4 subspecies, belonging to 10 families, were found in the basin of Büyükçekmece Dam Lake. This paper gives the diagnostic characteristics of these fish.
The Morphology Of Vipera Ammodytes Transcaucasiana (Reptilia, Viperidae) Specimens Collected From Murgul (Artvin, Turkey)Bilal Kutrup, Bi̇lal Kutrup
The Morphology Of Vipera Ammodytes Transcaucasiana (Reptilia, Viperidae) Specimens Collected From Murgul (Artvin, Turkey)Bilal Kutrup, Bi̇lal Kutrup
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The morphological characteristics and distribution of Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana, which is a member of the Vipera kaznakovi group, were studied. The transcaucasian horned viper specimens were captured from Murgul, Artvin, in Turkey. This species differs from all other vipers in the Near and Middle East in respect of its pronounced horn. It is similar to Vipera pontica in the greenish-yellowish tip of the tail, but differs in having more apicals.
Contribution To The Harvest Spider (Arachnida, Opiliones)Fauna Of The Caucasus, Nataly Snegovaya
Contribution To The Harvest Spider (Arachnida, Opiliones)Fauna Of The Caucasus, Nataly Snegovaya
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The harvest spider fauna of Caucasus is reviewed. A new collection of 10 species (Fam. Phalangiidae, Trogulidae) from different parts of the Caucasus are dealt with. Some identifications are not clear. For clarification some more revisions are necessary in the future.
A Taxonomical Study On The Rotifera Fauna Of Abant Lake (Bolu), Ahmet Altindağ
A Taxonomical Study On The Rotifera Fauna Of Abant Lake (Bolu), Ahmet Altindağ
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The rotifera fauna of Abant lake was studied taxonomically from January to November 1997. A total of 22 rotifer species were identified. Of these, 18 are new for Abant lake and 4 are new for Turkey.
New, Little-Known And Characteristic Ciliate Speciesfrom The Apsheron Coast Of The Caspian Sea, Ilham Alekperov, Esmira Asadullayeva
New, Little-Known And Characteristic Ciliate Speciesfrom The Apsheron Coast Of The Caspian Sea, Ilham Alekperov, Esmira Asadullayeva
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Three new, five little-known and five characteristic ciliate species are described and figured. All these species were found in the psammon and periphyton along the Apsheron coast of the Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan). The descriptions are based on the observations of living specimens and the analysis of slides impregnated with silver.
The Morphology Of The Venom Apparatus And Histology Of Venom Gland Of Pimpla Turionellae(L.) (Hym; Ichneumonidae) Females, Fevzi̇ Uçkan
The Morphology Of The Venom Apparatus And Histology Of Venom Gland Of Pimpla Turionellae(L.) (Hym; Ichneumonidae) Females, Fevzi̇ Uçkan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The morphology of the parts of the venom apparatus and the histology of venom glands of the idiobiont solitary pupal endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae(L.) were examined under microscope. There are two valvula 1, one valvula 2, two valvula 3, two valvifer 1, two valvifer 2, a Dufour's gland and a venom gland in the venom apparatus of P. turionellae. These structures were described and their characteristics were determined. Several venom gland tubules are attached to the reservoir at the top of the venom gland of P. turionellae. These tubules consist of spherical and oval cells of various sizes arranged around the …
A Serological Investigation Of Lacerta Viridis (Laurenti, 1768) (Sauria: Lacertidae) Populations In Turkey, Hüseyi̇n Arikan, Mehmet Kutsay Atatür, İ. Ethem Çevi̇k, Yusuf Kumlutaş
A Serological Investigation Of Lacerta Viridis (Laurenti, 1768) (Sauria: Lacertidae) Populations In Turkey, Hüseyi̇n Arikan, Mehmet Kutsay Atatür, İ. Ethem Çevi̇k, Yusuf Kumlutaş
Turkish Journal of Zoology
A total of 58 (24 MM , 34 VV ) Lacerta viridis specimens, which were collected from Turkish Thrace and the Black Sea region of Anatolia, were evaluated serologically. The analyses support the view that a single race of L. viridis (L. v. meridionalis) inhabits Turkey.
Systematic Studies On The Family Apidae (Hymenoptera) In Ankara Province Part I: Bombinae, Ahmet Murat Ayteki̇n, Neşe Çağatay
Systematic Studies On The Family Apidae (Hymenoptera) In Ankara Province Part I: Bombinae, Ahmet Murat Ayteki̇n, Neşe Çağatay
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Species from the family Apidae (Hymenoptera) in Ankara province were considered. Nine species were determined from the subfamily Bombinae. Synonymies, the plants on which the specimen were caught, the Turkish and global distributions are given along with their distribution maps. Detailed drawings of the ventral view and photographs of the dorsal view of the male genitalia are also given except for the species Megabombus armeniacus(Rad.) , M. pascuorum (Scopoli), and M. humilis (Illiger), which had insufficient male specimens.
Observations On The Reproductive Biology Of Gerbillus Dasyurus (Wagner, 1842) (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Turkey, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Şaki̇r Özkurt
Observations On The Reproductive Biology Of Gerbillus Dasyurus (Wagner, 1842) (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Turkey, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Şaki̇r Özkurt
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The reproductive data along with some ecological observations of Gerbillus dasyurus are reported based on field studies and investigations in captivity. The findings indicate that the favorable habitat of G. dasyurus is rocky areas with sparse vegetated soil and that the reproduction period extends from January to September. According to the reproductive data, the average weight at birth is 2.22 g., litter size ranges from 3 to 9, with an average of 5.66, a female gives three litters during a reproduction period. The eyes and ears also open at 16 days, weaning takes place at 32 days, and they become …
The Distribution Problem Of Crocidura Russula (Hermann, 1780) (Mammalia: Insectivora) In Turkey, Haluk Kefeli̇oğlu, Coşkun Tez
The Distribution Problem Of Crocidura Russula (Hermann, 1780) (Mammalia: Insectivora) In Turkey, Haluk Kefeli̇oğlu, Coşkun Tez
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, to elucidate distribution problem of Crocidura russula (Hermann, 1780) species, 298 samples were taken from different geographical areas, type localities and record areas of Turkey, which were morphologically similar to C. russula were studied. The karyotypical and morphological characteristics of collected samples have been examined in detail. Those examined characteristics have been compared among themselves and compared to literature data. According to the comparative results, C. russula species is not distributed in Turkey and the Populations of C. russula reported previously in Turkey were belong to Crocidura suaveolens (Pallas, 1811).
Contributions To The Karyology And Morphology Of Arvicola Terrestris (Lin., 1758) (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Central Anatolia, Şaki̇r Özkurt, Ercüment Çolak, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Mustafa Sözen, Reyhan Çolak
Contributions To The Karyology And Morphology Of Arvicola Terrestris (Lin., 1758) (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Central Anatolia, Şaki̇r Özkurt, Ercüment Çolak, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Mustafa Sözen, Reyhan Çolak
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The bacula, phalli and karyotypes of 15 specimens of Arvicola terrestris were examined. The external and cranial morphology of this species were found to be the same as in previously published papers. The baculum consist of proximal and distal bacula. The phallus is covered with spines. The karyotype has karyological values of 2n= 36, NF= 64 and NFa= 60. The X chromosome is medium-sized submetacentric and the Y chromosome is medium-sized acrocentric.