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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Nutritional And Physiological Constraints Contributing To Limitations In Small Intestinal Starch Digestion And Glucose Absorption In Ruminants, Ronald J. Trotta, David L. Harmon, James C. Matthews, Kendall C. Swanson
Nutritional And Physiological Constraints Contributing To Limitations In Small Intestinal Starch Digestion And Glucose Absorption In Ruminants, Ronald J. Trotta, David L. Harmon, James C. Matthews, Kendall C. Swanson
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
Increased efficiency of nutrient utilization can potentially be gained with increased starch digestion in the small intestine in ruminants. However, ruminants have quantitative limits in the extent of starch disappearance in the small intestine. The objective is to explore the nutritional and physiological constraints that contribute to limitations of carbohydrate assimilation in the ruminant small intestine. Altered digesta composition and passage rate in the small intestine, insufficient pancreatic α-amylase and/or small intestinal carbohydrase activity, and reduced glucose absorption could all be potentially limiting factors of intestinal starch assimilation. The absence of intestinal sucrase activity in ruminants may be related to …
Influence Of Prolonged Serotonin And Ergovaline Pre-Exposure On Vasoconstriction Ex Vivo, Eriton E. L. Valente, David L. Harmon, James L. Klotz
Influence Of Prolonged Serotonin And Ergovaline Pre-Exposure On Vasoconstriction Ex Vivo, Eriton E. L. Valente, David L. Harmon, James L. Klotz
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
Ergot alkaloid mycotoxins interfere in many functions associated with serotonergic neurotransmitters. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate whether the association of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and ergot alkaloids during a 24 h pre-incubation could affect the vascular contractile response to ergot alkaloids. To evaluate the effects of 24 h exposure to 5-HT and ergot alkaloids (ergovaline, ERV), two assays were conducted. The first assay determined the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)following the 24 h pre-exposure period, while the second assay evaluated the effect of IC50 concentrations of 5-HT and ERV either individually or in combination. There was an interaction …
Synthesis, Evaluation, And Characterization Of An Ergotamine Imprinted Styrene-Based Polymer For Potential Use As An Ergot Alkaloid Selective Adsorbent, Manoj B. Kudupoje, Eric S. Vanzant, Kyle R. Mcleod, Alexandros Yiannikouris
Synthesis, Evaluation, And Characterization Of An Ergotamine Imprinted Styrene-Based Polymer For Potential Use As An Ergot Alkaloid Selective Adsorbent, Manoj B. Kudupoje, Eric S. Vanzant, Kyle R. Mcleod, Alexandros Yiannikouris
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
Alkaloid toxicities negatively impact livestock health and production. To assess alkaloid occurrences, adsorbent technologies may offer effective means to their extraction and isolation from a complex feed matrix. In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized and evaluated for their specificity of binding to various ergot alkaloids. Co-polymers of styrene and hydroxyethyl methacrylate were synthesized in the absence or presence of an ergotamine (ETA) template, yielding non-imprinted polymer (NIP) and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), respectively. The influence of parameters such as pH, temperature, and initial concentration on the adsorption of ergot alkaloids was evaluated along with their application as …
Judgement Bias In Miniature Donkeys: Conditioning Factors And Personality Links, Maria Pinto, Francisco Javier Navas González, Camie Heleski, Amy Mclean
Judgement Bias In Miniature Donkeys: Conditioning Factors And Personality Links, Maria Pinto, Francisco Javier Navas González, Camie Heleski, Amy Mclean
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
Expectation-related bias may configure individuals’ perception of their surrounding environment and of the elements present in it. This study aimed to determine the repercussions of environmental (weather elements) or subject-inherent factors (sex, age, or personality features) on judgment bias. A cognitive bias test was performed in eight Miniature jennies and four jacks. Test comprised habituation, training and testing phases during which subjects were trained on how to complete the test and scored based on their latency to approach an ambiguous stimulus. A questionnaire evaluating eleven personality features was parallelly completed by three caretakers, five operators and two care assistants to …
A Narrative Review On The Unexplored Potential Of Colostrum As A Preventative Treatment And Therapy For Diarrhea In Neonatal Dairy Calves, Havelah S. M. Carter, David L. Renaud, Michael A. Steele, Amanda J. Fischer-Tlustos, Joao H. C. Costa
A Narrative Review On The Unexplored Potential Of Colostrum As A Preventative Treatment And Therapy For Diarrhea In Neonatal Dairy Calves, Havelah S. M. Carter, David L. Renaud, Michael A. Steele, Amanda J. Fischer-Tlustos, Joao H. C. Costa
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
Diarrhea is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pre-weaned dairy calves and, as such, represents a significant animal health and welfare concern. Furthermore, digestive disease early in life is associated with several long-term consequences such as reduced growth rate and decreased milk yield during the first lactation, thus generating severe economic losses. The majority of diarrheic cases in young calves are treated with antimicrobials; however, it is necessary to develop alternative treatments, as excessive antimicrobial usage can lead to antimicrobial resistance and can negatively impact the gut microflora of a calf. Bovine colostrum is abundant in immune and …
Effect Of Biochanin A On The Rumen Microbial Community Of Holstein Steers Consuming A High Fiber Diet And Subjected To A Subacute Acidosis Challenge, Brittany E. Harlow, Michael D. Flythe, James L. Klotz, David L. Harmon, Glen E. Aiken
Effect Of Biochanin A On The Rumen Microbial Community Of Holstein Steers Consuming A High Fiber Diet And Subjected To A Subacute Acidosis Challenge, Brittany E. Harlow, Michael D. Flythe, James L. Klotz, David L. Harmon, Glen E. Aiken
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) occurs when highly fermentable carbohydrates are introduced into the diet, decreasing pH and disturbing the microbial ecology of the rumen. Rumen amylolytic bacteria rapidly catabolize starch, fermentation acids accumulate in the rumen and reduce environmental pH. Historically, antibiotics (e.g., monensin, MON) have been used in the prevention and treatment of SARA. Biochanin A (BCA), an isoflavone produced by red clover (Trifolium pratense), mitigates changes associated with starch fermentation ex vivo. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of BCA on amylolytic bacteria and rumen pH during …
Alteration Of The Canine Metabolome After A 3-Week Supplementation Of Cannabidiol (Cbd) Containing Treats: An Exploratory Study Of Healthy Animals, Elizabeth M. Morris, Susanna E. Kitts-Morgan, Dawn M. Spangler, Ibukun M. Ogunade, Kyle R. Mcleod, David L. Harmon
Alteration Of The Canine Metabolome After A 3-Week Supplementation Of Cannabidiol (Cbd) Containing Treats: An Exploratory Study Of Healthy Animals, Elizabeth M. Morris, Susanna E. Kitts-Morgan, Dawn M. Spangler, Ibukun M. Ogunade, Kyle R. Mcleod, David L. Harmon
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
Despite the increased interest and widespread use of cannabidiol (CBD) in humans and companion animals, much remains to be learned about its effects on health and physiology. Metabolomics is a useful tool to evaluate changes in the health status of animals and to analyze metabolic alterations caused by diet, disease, or other factors. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of CBD supplementation on the canine plasma metabolome. Sixteen dogs (18.2 ± 3.4 kg BW) were utilized in a completely randomized design with treatments consisting of control and 4.5 mg CBD/kg BW/d. After 21 d of …
Feeding Cannabidiol (Cbd)-Containing Treats Did Not Affect Canine Daily Voluntary Activity, Elizabeth M. Morris, Susanna E. Kitts-Morgan, Dawn M. Spangler, Jessica Gebert, Eric S. Vanzant, Kyle R. Mcleod, David L. Harmon
Feeding Cannabidiol (Cbd)-Containing Treats Did Not Affect Canine Daily Voluntary Activity, Elizabeth M. Morris, Susanna E. Kitts-Morgan, Dawn M. Spangler, Jessica Gebert, Eric S. Vanzant, Kyle R. Mcleod, David L. Harmon
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
Growing public interest in the use of cannabidiol (CBD) for companion animals has amplified the need to elucidate potential impacts. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of CBD on the daily activity of adult dogs. Twenty-four dogs (18.0 ± 3.4 kg, 9 months−4 years old) of various mixed breeds were utilized in a randomized complete block design with treatments targeted at 0 and 2.5 mg (LOW) and at 5.0 mg (HIGH) CBD/kg body weight (BW) per day split between two treats administered after twice-daily exercise (0700–0900 and 1,700–1,900 h). Four hours each day [1,000–1,200 h (a.m.) …
Nutraceutical Intervention With Colostrum Replacer: Can We Reduce Disease Hazard, Ameliorate Disease Severity, And Improve Performance In Preweaned Dairy Calves?, Melissa C. Cantor, D. L. Renaud, Joao H. C. Costa
Nutraceutical Intervention With Colostrum Replacer: Can We Reduce Disease Hazard, Ameliorate Disease Severity, And Improve Performance In Preweaned Dairy Calves?, Melissa C. Cantor, D. L. Renaud, Joao H. C. Costa
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to determine if an intervention with colostrum replacer (CR; Premolac Plus, Zinpro; 125 g/d fed for 3 d) or a placebo milk replacer (Cows Match, Land O'Lakes Inc.; 125 g/d for 3 d) following a triggered alarm could ameliorate disease bouts in dairy calves. The alarm was set to detect negative deviations of milk intake (20% reduction) or drinking speed (30% reduction) in relation to a calf's 12-d rolling average feeding behavior. Calves were enrolled on this study (n = 42 CR, n = 42 placebo) when they triggered an alarm from …
Coccidia Vaccine Challenge And Exogenous Enzyme Supplementation In Broiler Chicken 1. Effect On Digesta Viscosity, Diet Energy Utilization, And Apparent Metabolizable Energy Value Of Wheat, Andrew E. Dunaway, Sunday A. Adedokun
Coccidia Vaccine Challenge And Exogenous Enzyme Supplementation In Broiler Chicken 1. Effect On Digesta Viscosity, Diet Energy Utilization, And Apparent Metabolizable Energy Value Of Wheat, Andrew E. Dunaway, Sunday A. Adedokun
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
This study examined the effect of exogenous mixed-enzyme supplementation (xylanase, β-glucanase, and pectinase) to a corn-SBM (CS) and a wheat-CS-based (WCS) diet in birds challenged with coccidia vaccine (Coccivac B-52™). The WCS-based diet was produced by replacing 30% of the energy-yielding portions of the CS-based diet with wheat. On day 14, 448 (n = 7) Cobb by-product breeder male broilers were assigned to a 2 (diet types) × 2 (with or without enzyme supplementation) × 2 (0 or 20 × coccidia vaccine challenge; CVC) factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design for the determination of the apparent …
Broiler Genetics Influences Proteome Profiles Of Normal And Woody Breast Muscle, Xue Zhang, K. Virellia To, Tessa R. Jarvis, Yan L. Campbell, Jasmine D. Hendrix, Surendranath Suman, Shuting Li, Daniel S. Antonelo, Wei Zhai, Jing Chen, Haining Zhu, M. Wes Schilling
Broiler Genetics Influences Proteome Profiles Of Normal And Woody Breast Muscle, Xue Zhang, K. Virellia To, Tessa R. Jarvis, Yan L. Campbell, Jasmine D. Hendrix, Surendranath Suman, Shuting Li, Daniel S. Antonelo, Wei Zhai, Jing Chen, Haining Zhu, M. Wes Schilling
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
Wooden or woody breast (WB) is a myopathy of the pectoralis major in fast-growing broilers that influences the quality of breast meat and causes an economic loss in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth and proteome differences between 5 genetic strains of broilers that yield WB and normal breast (NB) meat. Eight-week-old broilers were evaluated for the WB myopathy and divided into NB and WB groups. Differential expression of proteins was analyzed using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS to elucidate the mechanism behind the breast myopathy because of the genetic …