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The Behavior Of Confined Calves Raised For Veal: Are These Animals Distressed?, M. Kiley-Worthington
The Behavior Of Confined Calves Raised For Veal: Are These Animals Distressed?, M. Kiley-Worthington
International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems
The behavior of twelve calves confined in crates was recorded at 1-minute intervals for 12-hour periods. These recordings were made at fortnightly intervals from approximately 2 to 16 weeks of age. In all, 864 hours of observations were recorded. The activities performed and the amount of time spent doing each are outlined. Circadian rhythms were mainly controlled by feeding time, although there was a difference between diurnal and nocturnal behavior. Individual calves varied in how they adapted to the restricted environment. Individual personality profiles and data on the ontogeny of behavior under these conditions are presented. At ten weeks of …