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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Self-Medication And Homeostatic Behaviour In Herbivores: Learning About The Benefits Of Nature’S Pharmacy, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza
Self-Medication And Homeostatic Behaviour In Herbivores: Learning About The Benefits Of Nature’S Pharmacy, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza
Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)
Traditional production systems have viewed animals as homogeneous ‘machines’ whose nutritional and medicinal needs must be provided in a prescribed manner. This view arose from the lack of belief in the wisdom of the body to meet its physiological needs. Is it possible for herbivores to select diets that meet their needs for nutrients and to write their own prescriptions? Our research suggests it is. Herbivores adapt to the variability of the external environment and to their changing internal needs not only by generating homeostatic physiological responses, but also by operating in the external environment. Under this view, food selection …
Conditioned Food Aversions: Principles And Practices, With Special Reference To Social Facilitation, Michael H. Ralphs, Frederick D. Provenza
Conditioned Food Aversions: Principles And Practices, With Special Reference To Social Facilitation, Michael H. Ralphs, Frederick D. Provenza
Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)
Conditioned food aversion is a powerful experimental tool to modify animal diets. We have also investigated it as a potential management tool to prevent livestock from grazing poisonous plants such as tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi), white locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) on western US rangelands. The following principles pertain to increasing the strength and longevity of aversions: mature animals retain aversions better than young animals; novelty of the plant is important, although aversions can be created to familiar plants; LiCl is the most effective emetic, and the optimum dose for cattle …
Self-Organization Of Foraging Behaviour: From Simplicity To Complexity Without Goals, Frederick D. Provenza, Juan J. Villalba, Carl D. Cheney, Scott J. Werner
Self-Organization Of Foraging Behaviour: From Simplicity To Complexity Without Goals, Frederick D. Provenza, Juan J. Villalba, Carl D. Cheney, Scott J. Werner
Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)
A herbivore faces challenges while foraging--ongoing changes in its physiological condition along with variation in the nutrient and toxin concentrations of foods, spatially and temporally--that make selecting a nutritious diet a vital affair. Foraging behaviours arise from simple rules that operate across levels of resolution from cells and organs to individuals and their interactions with social and physical environments. At all these levels, behaviour is a function of its consequences: a behaviour operating on the environment to induce changes is itself changed by those events. Thus, behaviour emerges from its own functioningbehaviour self-organizes-not from that of its surroundings. This ostensible …
Preference For Flavoured Foods By Lambs Conditioned With Intraruminal Administration Of Nitrogen, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza
Preference For Flavoured Foods By Lambs Conditioned With Intraruminal Administration Of Nitrogen, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza
Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)
We suggested that food preference depends on the interplay between flavour and post-ingestive effects, and we predicted that protein-restricted lambs would acquire preferences for foods paired with supplemental sources of N, including urea (Expts 1 and 2), casein (Expt 3), and gluten (Expt 4). In each experiment, twenty lambs, in two groups of ten, were conditioned as follows: on odd-numbered days, lambs in group 1 received wheat straw (Expts 1, 3, and 4) or ground barley (Expt 2) flavoured with a distinctive flavour, and lambs in group 2 received the same food but with a different flavour. On even-numbered days, …
Preference For Wheat Straw By Lambs Conditioned With Intraruminal Infusions Of Starch, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza
Preference For Wheat Straw By Lambs Conditioned With Intraruminal Infusions Of Starch, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza
Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)
We hypothesized that feed preference depends on the interplay between flavour and postingestive effects, and we tested two predictions based on this hypothesis: (1) lambs acquire preferences for poorly nutritious feeds paired with starch; and (2) preferences persist when starch is no longer administered. Twenty lambs were randomly allocated to two groups and conditioned as follows: on odd-numbered days, lambs in group 1 received onion-flavoured wheat straw and lambs in group 2 received oregano-flavoured wheat straw. On even-numbered days, the flavours were switched and starch (2.5-9.4% of the digestible energy received/d) was infused into the rumen of all animals during …
Conditioned Flavor Aversion: A Mechanism For Goats To Avoid Condensed Tannins In Blackbrush, Frederick D. Provenza, Elizabeth A. Burritt, T. P. Clausen, J. P. Bryant, P. B. Reichardt, Roberto A. Distel
Conditioned Flavor Aversion: A Mechanism For Goats To Avoid Condensed Tannins In Blackbrush, Frederick D. Provenza, Elizabeth A. Burritt, T. P. Clausen, J. P. Bryant, P. B. Reichardt, Roberto A. Distel
Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)
It has been hypothesized that herbivores instinctively avoid tannin-containing plant parts in response to the adverse effects of tannins on forage digestion. However, we found that goats learned to avoid condensed tannins (CTs) from blackbrush current season's growth by associating the flavor of foods containing CTs with aversive postingestive consequences. The aversive consequences experienced by goats apparently are not related to digestion inhibition and may depend on the structure of CTs and on how CTs are bound with other cell constituents. These observations suggest several areas of inquiry related to the interaction between CTs and herbivores. A better understanding of …