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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Micronutrient Concentration Effects On Lettuce Growth And Susceptibility To Pythium, Kalyn M. Helms
Micronutrient Concentration Effects On Lettuce Growth And Susceptibility To Pythium, Kalyn M. Helms
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In hydroponic production waterborne pathogens such as Pythium are ubiquitous and continually threaten a wide range of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) crops in hydroponic production, including but not limited to: lettuce, spinach, basil, arugula, cucumber, tomato, sweet pepper, roses, chrysanthemums, and cannabis (Sutton et al., 2006; Gull, 2002; McGehee and Raudales, 2021; Gillespie, 2020). Despite extensive sanitation measures, disease control in hydroponics is fallible and requires constant surveillance and management to minimize outbreaks (Sutton et al., 2006). A potential disease suppression strategy is to increase micronutrient concentrations within hydroponic systems to naturally strengthen plant defenses against pathogens such as Pythium. …
Evaluation Of Biological And Chemical Seed Treatments For Management Of Rice Diseases, Sherif Adam Sharfadine
Evaluation Of Biological And Chemical Seed Treatments For Management Of Rice Diseases, Sherif Adam Sharfadine
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Rice is the primary staple for more than half of the global population and is the second most important cereal worldwide. In the US, rice is primarily grown in the southern states, with Arkansas leading production and responsible for 47% of the total rice production in the country. Diseases cause significant yield losses in rice. Sheath blight, rice blast and bacterial panicle blight are the main diseases in rice and cause significant yield losses. Sheath blight alone could cause up 50% yield loss in heavily damaged fields with highly susceptible cultivars. Additionally, rice seed and seedling diseases primarily caused by …
Biology, Monitoring, Sampling, And Management Of Rice Billbug, Sphenophorus Pertinax, In Furrow-Irrigated Rice, Chase Alan Floyd
Biology, Monitoring, Sampling, And Management Of Rice Billbug, Sphenophorus Pertinax, In Furrow-Irrigated Rice, Chase Alan Floyd
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Furrow-irrigated rice hectares have increased annually for the last five years in the predominant long-grain rice producing states. Initial implementation of the system began in the 1980’s, but lack of rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea, Hebert) resistant cultivars made the system a nonviable option for rice producers. Hybridization of rice cultivars with less susceptibility has begun to increase the interest of producers to implement a furrow-irrigated rice production system due to the cost saving opportunities that it may provide. Elimination of the flood from large sections of the rice fields in a furrow-irrigated system alters management strategies and pest complexes compared …
Nitrogen Use Efficiency Of Pretassel Nitrogen Applications In Corn, Robyn Brittlee Mulloy
Nitrogen Use Efficiency Of Pretassel Nitrogen Applications In Corn, Robyn Brittlee Mulloy
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Corn (Zea mays L.) production continues to be a critical component of row-crop production systems within Arkansas and is seeing a resurgence in recent years. Nitrogen (N) is critical for corn growth and is often one of the single largest input costs associated with corn production. Research objectives for this study were to determine the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of late season N applications as influenced by sidedress N rate and timing of pretassel application and to quantify the nutrient uptake and partitioning in modern era corn hybrids within a furrow-irrigated production system. Research was conducted at the Milo J. …
Nitrogen Management In Rice Under Suboptimal Soil Conditions, Payton Suzanne Rhea
Nitrogen Management In Rice Under Suboptimal Soil Conditions, Payton Suzanne Rhea
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In Mid-South rice (Oryza sativa, L.) production, nitrogen (N) fertilizer management for pureline varieties is most often recommended as a single preflood (SPF) or two-way split (2WS) application in a direct-seeded, delayed-flood system. Most of the N fertilizer is typically applied at the four- to six-leaf stage onto dry soil, and the second application, if necessary, into the floodwater during early reproductive growth stages (referred to as midseason). Environmental factors frequently prohibit growers from applying early N fertilizer under optimal dry soil conditions. A study was conducted to determine the best N fertilization management practices to utilize in rice when …
Diagnosing Excess Nitrogen In Rice Using Post-Season Tissue Samples, Kyle Hoegenauer
Diagnosing Excess Nitrogen In Rice Using Post-Season Tissue Samples, Kyle Hoegenauer
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Proper nitrogen (N) management in rice production can be difficult to achieve without the aid of tools such as soil and tissue tests. There are no tests currently available to rice producers that determine whether N has been managed properly throughout the season or that detect instances of over fertilization. Rice stalk samples were collected from N response trials within 3 days of harvest from the primary Arkansas rice growing region in 2016-2018. Stalk samples were analyzed for N concentration through a KCl extraction and spectrofluorometric quantification. Samples analyzed with leaf material intact contained statistically different N concentrations than samples …
Understanding The Potential Utility Of Tamarktm Grain Sorghum, Jacob Alan Fleming
Understanding The Potential Utility Of Tamarktm Grain Sorghum, Jacob Alan Fleming
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Herbicide-resistant crops have been commonly used in corn, cotton, and soybean since the 1990s to control numerous different grass and broadleaf weeds. However, this technology has not been available for grain sorghum producers whom have faced challenges controlling grass weeds. Recently a collaboration between the University of Arkansas and Texas A&M University has resulted in a new bred line of grain sorghum, TamArkTM, which is resistant to ACCase inhibitor herbicides which have been previously used to control grass weeds in broadleaf crops. Multiple studies were conducted to determine the sensitivity of TamArkTM and problematic grass weeds to ACCase inhibitor herbicides, …
Applying A Material Science Approach To Improve Rice Processing Performance, Michelle Oppong Siaw
Applying A Material Science Approach To Improve Rice Processing Performance, Michelle Oppong Siaw
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Rice is typically consumed as whole kernel, which makes the economic value of whole kernels twice that of brokens. Macro-structural defects such as fissures and chalkiness have been recognized to weaken kernel mechanical strength, and thereby increase breakage during milling. However, high percentages of brokens are sometimes recorded even though these defects are controlled prior to milling. It was hypothesized that rice milling characteristics are influenced by endosperm porosity from the structural arrangement of chemical components and by bran thickness and composition. Thus, this study aimed to modify chemical components by applying treatments to alter rice porosity and its associated …
Evaluation Of Factors That Contribute To Injury To Quizalofop-Resistant Rice From Quizalofop Applied Postemergence, Navdeep Godara
Evaluation Of Factors That Contribute To Injury To Quizalofop-Resistant Rice From Quizalofop Applied Postemergence, Navdeep Godara
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Quizalofop-resistant rice technology allows for over-the-top applications of quizalofop, an acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase-inhibiting herbicide. However, quizalofop caused significant injury to quizalofop-resistant rice in some Arkansas fields during the first year of commercialization. Experiments evaluated the effect of early-season soil moisture and nitrogen availability; pre-exposure to low rates of glyphosate and imazethapyr; planting date; and environmental conditions including, soil moisture content, air temperature, and light intensity on quizalofop-resistant rice tolerance to quizalofop applications. All experiments assessed sequential quizalofop applications made to 2-leaf followed by 5-leaf stage of rice. Sequential quizalofop applications alone and with surface irrigation or nitrogen application at the …
Application Of Microwave-Assisted Technology For Single-Pass Drying Of Rough Rice, Rebecca Mawusi Bruce
Application Of Microwave-Assisted Technology For Single-Pass Drying Of Rough Rice, Rebecca Mawusi Bruce
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The 915 MHz industrial microwave is a novel technology that has the potential to achieve one-pass drying of rice within a short drying duration and reduce rice drying losses. However, processing recommendations for the commercialization of this technology for rice drying is lacking. The goal of this research is to provide processing conditions that are useful for the commercialization of the 915 MHz industrial microwave technology for rice drying. This was achieved by studying the impact of microwave specific energy and processing conditions such as harvest moisture content, milling duration, and aging on the physicochemical properties of a 915 MHz …
The Effect Of Water Management And Ratoon Rice Cropping On Methane Emissions And Harvest Yield In Arkansas, Marguerita Leavitt
The Effect Of Water Management And Ratoon Rice Cropping On Methane Emissions And Harvest Yield In Arkansas, Marguerita Leavitt
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Sustainable intensification of rice farming is crucial to meeting human food needs while reducing environmental impacts. Rice produces 8% of all anthropogenic CH4, which is a potent greenhouse gas. CH4 emissions can potentially be reduced by cultivation practices that minimize the number of days the fields are saturated, such as dry-seeding instead of water-seeding and irrigation using the alternate wetting and drying (AWD) technique instead of delayed, continuous flooding (DF). Ratoon cropping, wherein a second crop of rice is grown from the harvested stubble of the first crop, can be used to produce additional yield with minimal labor, but may …
The Effect Of Plant Elicitor Peptide On Nematode Infected Soybean, Siyang Liu
The Effect Of Plant Elicitor Peptide On Nematode Infected Soybean, Siyang Liu
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Soybean (Glycine max), an important economic crop native to East Asia, is grown worldwide for its edible beans. Soybean plants are vulnerable to a wide range of diseases, and nematodes are among the worst pests of soybean. The southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) are both notable nematode pests of soybean, with the soybean cyst nematode causing more than 30% of total yield loss in the US. Numerous attempts have been made to control soybean nematodes over the past several decades, and genetic engineering technology has received a lot of attention in recent years. Plant …
Investigating Hops Production In Arkansas To Support Specialty Crop Growth, James Oliver Mcclellan
Investigating Hops Production In Arkansas To Support Specialty Crop Growth, James Oliver Mcclellan
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) is a perennial, climbing species within the Cannabaceae family that produces cones used for brewing. Hops are grown worldwide. In the United States most hops production occurs in the Pacific Northwest, but growth in the craft beer industry is driving efforts for hops production in other U.S. regions. Recommendations on hops cultivar suitability, fertility, and management are needed for the U.S. mid-south region. Objectives of this research on Arkansas-grown hops were to 1) assess the impact of cultivar and fertility rate on plant and cone attributes of six cultivars of Arkansas-grown hops and 2) …
Optimization Techniques For Soil Organic Carbon Prediction Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy, Minerva J. Dorantes
Optimization Techniques For Soil Organic Carbon Prediction Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy, Minerva J. Dorantes
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Resource-efficient techniques for accurate soil carbon estimation are necessary to satisfy the increasing demand for spatiotemporal data. In the last thirty years, mid-infrared (MIR) soil spectroscopy has developed as an accurate, rapid, cost-effective, and non-destructive technique for soil organic carbon (SOC) analysis. In soil spectroscopy, a calibration model relates spectral data to a corresponding measured soil property and is subsequently used to predict this value from new spectral data. Various optimization techniques have been used to improve the statistical performance of calibrations; however, there is little consensus on the conditions that make these techniques effective. The objectives of this research …
Assessing Consumer Demand, Producer Profitability, And The Environmental Impacts Of Conservation Agriculture Adoption In Sub-Saharan Africa, Willy Byamungu Mulimbi
Assessing Consumer Demand, Producer Profitability, And The Environmental Impacts Of Conservation Agriculture Adoption In Sub-Saharan Africa, Willy Byamungu Mulimbi
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation explores three aspects of conservation agriculture (CA) in the Sub-Saharan African region (SSA). The first article examines the demand side of CA and explores whether urban maize (Zea mays L.) consumers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) would be willing to pay a premium for CA-produced maize flour. The second article estimates the effects CA provides to adopters and their farms in smallholder farming systems in the DRC, focusing on changes in soil properties and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) yields. The final article uses a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to monetize the environmental impacts of adopting …
Managing Stress Tolerance On Warm-Season Putting Greens In The Transition Zone, Thomas Edward Walton
Managing Stress Tolerance On Warm-Season Putting Greens In The Transition Zone, Thomas Edward Walton
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The use of warm-season putting greens in the transition zone has increased in recent years. Ultradwarf bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) is the most prevalent warm-season putting green selection in the transition zone, however, newly developed greens-type zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) cultivars represent another potential selection for golf courses. The two major limitations of warm-season grasses in the transition zone are a general lack of cold- and shade-tolerance. Protective covers are essential to protect ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens in the winter months. Unfortunately, golf courses can still experience winterkill underneath protective covers. Two field trials were conducted …
Evaluation Of Benzobicyclon In Midsouth Rice (Oryza Sativa) Production Systems, Jake Patterson
Evaluation Of Benzobicyclon In Midsouth Rice (Oryza Sativa) Production Systems, Jake Patterson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Controlling weedy rice postemergence is challenging for rice producers in the United States because of the lack of herbicide options. Weedy rice is genetically similar to cultivated rice, thus making it difficult to control with mid-season postemergence herbicide applications without also damaging the crop. Hence, there is a need for a new effective postemergence weedy rice control herbicide. Findings from this research indicate that the use of benzobicyclon in current standard quizalofop- and imidazolinone-resistant rice herbicide programs provides tremendous utility for Midsouth rice producers. In both of these production systems, the addition of benzobicyclon to the respective standard herbicide programs …
An Investigation Of Factors Affecting The Rooting Ability Of Hardwood Muscadine Cuttings And Genetic Diversity Of Wild And Cultivated Muscadine Grapes (Vitis Rotundifolia Michx.), Kenneth Buck
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia syn. Muscadinia rotundifolia) is a grape species native to the southeastern United States. Muscadines are one of three grape species in subgenus Muscadinia with a chromosome number of 2n=40 (V. rotundifolia, V. munsoniana, and V. popenoei), making them genetically distinct from the European wine and table grape (Vitis vinifera) and other species in subgenus Euvitis. Rooting hardwood cuttings from muscadine vines has traditionally been considered an exceptionally difficult task. Many previous studies observed almost no root formation, leading to a general consensus that muscadines should either be propagated by softwood cuttings or vegetative layering. However, the …
Evaluation Of Fenclorim Safener For Use In Rice With Group 15 Herbicides, Tristen Heath Avent
Evaluation Of Fenclorim Safener For Use In Rice With Group 15 Herbicides, Tristen Heath Avent
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The development of herbicide resistance and the lack of effective herbicides to control problematic weeds has caused Arkansas rice (Oryza sativa L.) production to pursue alternative sites of action. Currently, very long-chain fatty acid elongase inhibitors are not labeled for U.S. rice production but have been widely used for Asian rice production systems. Previous research has demonstrated the utility of acetochlor and pyroxasulfone to provide in-season weed control for Arkansas rice production, but variable crop tolerance has been observed. Additionally, acetochlor at 1,260 g ai ha-1 elicited less rice injury when seeds were treated with a herbicide safener seed treatment …
Evaluation, Characterization, And Utilization Of Weed-Suppressive Sweetpotato Cultivars For Sustainable Weed Management, Isabel Schlegel Werle
Evaluation, Characterization, And Utilization Of Weed-Suppressive Sweetpotato Cultivars For Sustainable Weed Management, Isabel Schlegel Werle
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a low-technology, subsistence crop that enhances food and nutrition security particularly in developing nations. Weed interference with the crop can reduce sweetpotato storage root yields and product quality. Current weed management practices in sweetpotato include PRE or POST herbicides application, cultivation, mowing, or handweeding. Unlike row crops, herbicide options for sweetpotato are few; therefore, alternative weed control practices are needed. The overall objective of this research was to determine the weed suppressive ability of several sweetpotato cultivars. This research also provides information about cover crop use for weed suppression in sweetpotato production in Arkansas. Field …
Using Thermal Units To Predict Biomass Accumulation And Total Nitrogen Uptake For Cover Crops In Arkansas, Mila Victório Pessotto
Using Thermal Units To Predict Biomass Accumulation And Total Nitrogen Uptake For Cover Crops In Arkansas, Mila Victório Pessotto
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Including cover crops in agricultural production systems is an important management practice. Cover cropping can improve soil health, increase plant-available nitrogen (N), provide surface residue to prevent erosional soil loss, increase water infiltration, and increase weed suppression. Cover crops growth can be predicted using thermal days or growing degree days [GDD] similar to commodity crops such as corn (Zea mays L.) or rice (Oryza sativa). Growing degree day calculations are a well-known tool to predict crop growth stage or development stage and can be adapted for use in any plant species, including cover crops. Identifying and developing the relationship between …
Breeding Soybean [Glycine Max (L) Merr.] Under Reduced Irrigation, Francia Seconde Ravelombola
Breeding Soybean [Glycine Max (L) Merr.] Under Reduced Irrigation, Francia Seconde Ravelombola
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.], a legume species native to East Asia in the Fabaceae family, ranks among the most important food crops in the world. It is widely grown and known for its high protein and oil concentration. Soybean is valuable because its seeds have multiple applications in food, feed, pharmaceutical, and industrial enterprises. Even though seed yield is the most important trait, breeders have recently given a significant attention to quality traits, such as high protein or modified oil concentration. Soybean seed protein inheritance has been extensively studied; however, genetics of high-protein ‘BARC-7’ soybean are still unknown.On the …
Investigating The Mechanics And Chemistry Of Sickle Polish Development, Justin Jared Dubois
Investigating The Mechanics And Chemistry Of Sickle Polish Development, Justin Jared Dubois
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This series of experiments is designed to understand the development and chemistry of sickle gloss. Sickles are common in the archaeological record and have long been studied for their eponymous “sickle gloss”. There is debate as to how this gloss is formed. Five experimental sickles containing flint and novaculite blades were used to harvest high and low moisture content rye and common fescue and associated field weeds. The differences in the development of sickle gloss were examined. High moisture content plants create thick, smooth fields of polish with undulating, billowing margins at a higher developmental speed. Low moisture content plants …