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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci For Plant Height, Crown Diameter, And Plant Biomass In A Pseudo-F2 Population Of Switchgrass, Megan Taylor, Carl-Erik Tornqvist, Xiongwei Zhao, R. W. Doerge, Michael D. Casler, Yiwei Jiang
Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci For Plant Height, Crown Diameter, And Plant Biomass In A Pseudo-F2 Population Of Switchgrass, Megan Taylor, Carl-Erik Tornqvist, Xiongwei Zhao, R. W. Doerge, Michael D. Casler, Yiwei Jiang
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a perennial warm-season grass that produces high biomass yield. Identification of mechanisms for genetic regulation of biomass traits has potential to facilitate genetic manipulation of switchgrass for enhancing biomass yield. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci for biomass-related traits in a pseudo-F2 population of switchgrass derived from an upland cross with a lowland switchgrass cultivar. Plant height (HT), crown diameter (CD), and plant biomass (PB) were assessed in field studies in 2015 and 2016. Plant height was positively correlated with PB in both years but only correlated with …
The C-Terminal Motif Of Siago1b Is Required For The Regulation Of Growth, Development And Stress Responses In Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica (L.) P. Beauv), Xiaotong Liu, Sha Tang, Guanqing Jia, James C. Schnable, Haixia Su, Chanjuan Tang, Hui Zhi, Xianmin Diao
The C-Terminal Motif Of Siago1b Is Required For The Regulation Of Growth, Development And Stress Responses In Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica (L.) P. Beauv), Xiaotong Liu, Sha Tang, Guanqing Jia, James C. Schnable, Haixia Su, Chanjuan Tang, Hui Zhi, Xianmin Diao
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv), which belongs to the Panicoideae tribe of the Poaceae, is an important grain crop widely grown in Northern China and India. It is currently developing into a novel model species for functional genomics of the Panicoideae as a result of its fully available reference genome sequence, small diploid genome (2n=18, ~510 Mb), short life cycle, small stature and prolific seed production. Argonaute 1 (AGO1), belonging to the argonaute (AGO) protein family, recruits small RNAs and regulates plant growth and development. Here, we characterized an AGO1 mutant (siago1b) in foxtail millet, which …
Post-Weaning Performance Of Steers From Varying Calving And Weaning Strategies In Montana, E. E. Grings, W. A. Phillips, R. E. Short, H. Mayeux, R. K. Heitschmidt
Post-Weaning Performance Of Steers From Varying Calving And Weaning Strategies In Montana, E. E. Grings, W. A. Phillips, R. E. Short, H. Mayeux, R. K. Heitschmidt
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
The impact of varied calving and weaning times on post-weaning production of steer calves was evaluated in a 3- yr study. Steers (approximately 12 steers per calving-weaning treatment per year) born in late winter or early spring were weaned at 190 or 240 d of age, and steers born in late spring were weaned at 140 or 190 d of age after grazing with their dams on native range. Steers were pen-fed a growing diet until approximately 375 kg BW. They were then moved to an individual feeding facility and fed a higher-energy diet. Steers were allotted to harvest dates …
Growth Performance Of Barbados Blackbelly, Katahdin And St. Croix Hair Sheep Lambs Fed Pasture- Or Hay-Based Diets, S. Wildeus, K. E. Turner, J. R. Collins
Growth Performance Of Barbados Blackbelly, Katahdin And St. Croix Hair Sheep Lambs Fed Pasture- Or Hay-Based Diets, S. Wildeus, K. E. Turner, J. R. Collins
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Two experiments evaluated growth of mixed-sex Barbados Blackbelly, Katahdin, and St. Croix hair sheep lambs raised on pasture or hay-based diets with moderate levels of energy supplementation. In Experiment 1, 36 ewe and wether lambs were allocated to a pasture or pen feeding group in May. Pasture animals rotationally grazed tall fescue pasture, while pen animals were offered chopped alfalfa hay, and both groups were supplemented with corn/soybean meal at 0.75% of body weight. In Experiment 2, 72 lambs were allocated to pen and pasture in April, and provided either a low or high crude protein concentration corn/soybean meal supplement …
Genetic And Phenotypic (Co)Variances For Growth And Carcass Traits Of Purebred And Composite Populations Of Beef Cattle, K. E. Gregory, L. V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch
Genetic And Phenotypic (Co)Variances For Growth And Carcass Traits Of Purebred And Composite Populations Of Beef Cattle, K. E. Gregory, L. V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Least squares means, genetic (σg), and phenotypic (σp) standard deviations, and phenotypic coefficients of variation (CV) were estimated on an age-constant basis for growth, carcass, and meat traits of castrate males from 12 breed groups combined, for 9 purebreds combined, and for the F3 generation of three composite populations combined to which the nine purebreds contributed. Also, heritabilities ( h2) and genetic ( rg) and phenotypic ( rp) correlations were estimated among growth, carcass, and meat traits for all breed groups combined involving 1,594 individuals that were the progeny of …
Growth And Carcass Traits Of Heifers As Affected By Hormonal Treatment, J. D. Crouse, B. D. Schanbacher, H. R. Cross, S. C. Seideman, S. B. Smith
Growth And Carcass Traits Of Heifers As Affected By Hormonal Treatment, J. D. Crouse, B. D. Schanbacher, H. R. Cross, S. C. Seideman, S. B. Smith
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Seventy-seven tleifers weighing about 200 kg were assigned randomly to 1) intact control (C), 2) ovariectomized (OVX), 3) immunized against estradiol (BSA-E), 4) BSA-E + trenbolone acetate (BSA-E+TBA), 5) TBA or 6) ovx + TBA groups. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of ovariectomy, immunoneutralization of estradiol and trenbolone acetate treatment on growth rate and carcass merit. Heifers were fed a corn-corn silage diet and were slaughtered when treatment groups attained live-animal weights of 433 kg. Observations of rate of growth, efficiency of feed conversion, characteristics of carcasses and characteristics of organoleptic properties of the cooked …
Effects Of Water Flow Restriction And Environmental Factors On Performance Of Nursery-Age Pigs, John A. Neinaber, G. Leroy Hahn
Effects Of Water Flow Restriction And Environmental Factors On Performance Of Nursery-Age Pigs, John A. Neinaber, G. Leroy Hahn
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
A series of three feeding trials was conducted to determine if nipple waterer flow rate affects the performance of nursery-age pigs and if there are any interaction effects with environmental factors. In the first trial, 42 barrows, 10 wk of age, were fed during a period of 4 wk at 5 or 35 C and given water ad libitum with flow rates of 100, 600 and 1,100 ml/min and a control treatment of 20 C and 600 ml/min.
Manipulation Of Endogenous And Exogenous Hormones For Red Meat Production, Bruce D. Schanbacher
Manipulation Of Endogenous And Exogenous Hormones For Red Meat Production, Bruce D. Schanbacher
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Growth and development of domestic livestock for red meat production are often discussed in the context of environmental factors, nutritional requirements, genetic potential and the anabolic agents affecting production efficiency. In this minireview, the effects of endogenous and exogenous hormones on animal growth are reviewed. The pituitary, pancreatic and gonadal hormones known to affect growth and(or) carcass composition are cited to illustrate and place into perspective the important contributions that the endocrine system makes to animal production. Manipulation of endogenous hormones through 1) administration of synthetic releasing and inhibiting peptides and 2) immunoneutralization techniques, will likely provide the livestock producer …
Effects Of Contrasting Photoperiods And Temperatures On Performance Traits Of Confinement-Reared Ewe Lambs, B. D. Schanbacher, G. L. Hahn, J. A. Nienaber
Effects Of Contrasting Photoperiods And Temperatures On Performance Traits Of Confinement-Reared Ewe Lambs, B. D. Schanbacher, G. L. Hahn, J. A. Nienaber
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
The effects of contrasting photoperiods (16L:8D vs 8L: 16D) and ambient temperatures (5 C vs 18 C vs 31 C) on performance traits of ewe lambs have been evaluated. Seventy-two lambs were paired and allotted to one of six treatment groups in a 2 • 3 factorial experiment. The lambs were fed a pelleted diet ad libitum. throughout the 14-wk study (i.e., as Iambs progressed from 12 to 26 wk of age). "Analysis of performance and carcass data showed that both photoperiod and temperature affected growth rate (P.05) by treatment. Whereas serum prolactin concentrations were elevated in lambs exposed to …
Testosterone Influences On Growth, Performance, Carcass Characteristics And Composition Of Young Market Lambs, B. D. Schanbacher, J. D. Crouse, C. L. Ferrell
Testosterone Influences On Growth, Performance, Carcass Characteristics And Composition Of Young Market Lambs, B. D. Schanbacher, J. D. Crouse, C. L. Ferrell
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Ram lambs, wethers and wethers implanted with Silastic capsules containing crystalline testerone were placed on test at 14.9 ± 1.1 kg and evaluated for differences in growth, performance, carcass characteristics and composition. Silastic implants that were able to maintain physiological concentrations of serum testosterone provided appropriate replacement therapy in wethers. Growth rate, efficiency of feed utilization and carcass yield of intact ram lambs and testosterone-implanted wethers were superior to the corresponding traits of wethers. Wethers had greater backfat thickness and percentage kidney and pelvic fat, and their carcasses graded higher than those of ram lambs or wethers implanted with a …
Growth And Performance Of Growing-Finishing Lambs Exposed To Long Or Short Photoperiods, B. D. Schanbacher, J. D. Crouse
Growth And Performance Of Growing-Finishing Lambs Exposed To Long Or Short Photoperiods, B. D. Schanbacher, J. D. Crouse
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
The effects of photoperiod (8 hr light: 16 hr dark [8L:16D] or 16L:8D) on performance of growing-finishing lambs were evaluated in an experiment with 24 rams and 24 wethers. All lambs were caged in groups of two in a controlled environment and fed a pelleted diet ad libitum for the duration of the study (10 to 22 weeks of age). Performance and carcass data showed that both photoperiod and sex of lamb affected growth rate (P<.01) and feed efficiency (P<.05) but that only sex of lamb affected carcass quality (P<.05) and yield (P<.10). A sex by photoperiod interaction was not observed for any of the traits measured. Average daily gain (grams/per day) and feed efficiency (feed/gain) for lambs in the four treatment groups tested were: rams (16L:8D), 410 and 4.3; rams (8L:16D), 340 and 4.5; wethers (16L:8D), 345 and 4.6, and wethers (8L:16D), 300 and 4.8, respectively. Carcass weight, like slaughter weight, was affected by photoperiod (P<.01) and sex of lamb (P<.05); both rams and wethers exposed to long photoperiods had the heaviest carcasses. Ram carcasses were leaner, had better yield grades and were heavier than wether carcasses, yet both ram and wether carcasses graded Choice. Testosterone concentrations in serum were undetectable (<.2 ng/ml) at 22 weeks of age in wethers but were elevated (P<.O1) in ram lambs exposed to short (3.4 ± 1.4 ng/ml) or long (.8 ± .2 ng/ml) photoperiods. Prolactin concentrations, on the other hand, were not influenced by sex of lamb but were influenced (P<.01) by photoperiod; i.e., prolactin concentrations were high in rams (190 ± 34 ng/ml) and wethers (178 ± 28 ng/ml) exposed to long photoperiods and low in rams (43 ± 9 ng/ml) and wethers (27 ± 11 ng/ml) exposed to short photoperiods. These results suggest that testosterone and prolactin may independently affect growth and performance of growing-finishing lambs.
Luteinizing Hormone, Testosterone, Growth And Carcass Responses To Sexual Alteration In The Ram, B. D. Schanbacher, J. J. Ford
Luteinizing Hormone, Testosterone, Growth And Carcass Responses To Sexual Alteration In The Ram, B. D. Schanbacher, J. J. Ford
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
A total of 130 ram lambs were used in a study to determine the effects of sex alteration on serum hormone levels, growth rate and carcass traits. Sex alteration included no treatment (intact rams), scrotal ablation to alter normal testicular secretion (short scrotum rams) and castration to completely remove influences derived from the testes (wethers). Although these data suggest that scrotal ablation at birth did not produce complete azoospermia in Finn-crossbred rams, reduction (P<.01) in testicular weight did produce significant results. Serum testosterone in short scrotum and intact rams was similar, whereas castration resulted in considerably lower concentrations of this steroid (P<.01). On the other hand, serum luteinizing hormone was increased (P<.01) threefold in short scrotum rams and 12-fold in wethers as compared to that of intact rams. Because these results cannot be fully explained by changes in serum testosterone, it is speculated that changes in secretory products of the testis which accompany degeneration of the germinal epithelium are responsible for elevated luteinizing hormone. Post-weaning average daily gain (P<.01) and feed efficiency were highest in intact and short scrotum rams indicating that testosterone (or testis) may be beneficial. Although dressing percentage and adjusted backfat were highest (P<.01) in wethers, carcass weight and yield grade were advantageous (P<.01) in short scrotum and intact rams. Quality grades were similar; all animals reached average choice.