Taxation-Transnational Commons^™

Books Received, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Books Received

Direct Investment and Development in the U.S.: A Guide to Incentive Programs, Laws and Distinctions

Raymond J. Waldmann

Washington, D.C.: Transnational Investments, LTD., 1980. Map, Tables and Glossary. Pp. 443.

-------------------------------

Taxing Unfair International Trade Practices

Greyson Byran

Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books, 1980. Pp. 360. $34.95.

-------------------------------------

The Constitutions of the Communist World

Edited by William B. Sinons

Netherlands: Sijthoff & Noordhoff, 1980. Pp. 662.

-------------------------------------

The Circular

Part I by Eric J. Herpin and Part II by Charles A.Dilley

Brussels: Emile Bruylant, 1979. Pp. 216.

----------------------------------------

International Corporate Taxation

Philip P. Postlewaite

Colorado Springs, Colorado: Shepard's/McGraw-Hill Book …

Introduction: The Value-Added Tax - A Symposium, Edwin T. Hood

Faculty Works

On October 22, 1979, Representative Al Ullman, Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, introduced H.R. 5665, the Tax Restructuring Act of 1979. Representative Ullman proclaimed the bill, which contains a ten percent value-added tax, as the "largest adjustment in U.S. taxation since 1913." In his statement accompanying the introduction of H.R. 5665, Chairman Ullman states that the overall purpose for the imposition of a value-added tax coupled with reductions in social security and income taxes, is to correct major flaws in the United States economy-namely double digit inflation, declining productivity, inadequate capital formation, and lag­ging competition with foreign …

Newly Revised Income Tax Treaty With France: A Breakthrough In U.S. Tax Treaty Law, Stephanie H. Simonard

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

In 1979, the United States and France revised their 1967 Income Tax Treaty Developed along the lines of the Organization of Economic Co-Op- eration and Development Model Convention, the revised Treaty adopts a unique method of calculating the U.S. foreign tax credit limitation. The re- vised Treaty changed the definition of "source" of income to permit the for- eign tax credit against what would otherwise be termed "U.S. source income. " In this article, Mrs. Simonard examines the revised Treaty and its effects on U.S. citizens residing in France

New Developments In The Foreign Tax Credit: The Treasury Department Attempts To Define And Income Tax, David F. Nitschke

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

In order to alleviate the double taxation of income earned overseas by United States taxpayers, the Internal Revenue Code contains aforeign tax credit. This provision, which enables a taxpayer to credit certain foreign taxes he haspaid or accrued, has been reinterpreted recently by the Depart- ment of the Treasury. In this article, Mr. Nitschke discusses several 1978 revenue rulings andproposed regulations issued in 1979 that have altered the definition of aforeign tax that qualifies as an "income tax" and, thereby, have reduced signficantly the kind offorein taxes eligible for the credit. Upon examination ofprior rulings and case law, Mr. Nitschke …

Hoover Company V. Commissioner: A Judicial One Way Street, Raymond J. Jr. Slomski

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

Recently, the tax court in Hoover Company v. Commissioner,' re- fused to apply the Corn Products doctrine3 and found that a corpora- tion's forward sales agreements in foreign currencies were not hedging agreements.4 The court concluded that such sales did not constitute an integral part of the business,5 and thus losses from such transactions fell outside the protection of Corn Products and were afforded capital treat- ment.6 This note will suggest that the Hoover court, in focusing its deci- sion on the form of the taxpayer's transaction (i.e., whether it was a "bona fide" hedge), failed to properly apply the …

Taxation Aspects Of Foreign Investments In India, Udai V. Singh

LLM Theses and Essays

This paper will outline, discuss and suggest changes in various provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961, applying to foreign investments. Chapter II of this paper explores the general underlying principles of the Indian tax system. Chapter III discusses the tax liability of foreign personnel in India and special tax incentives granted to foreign technicians. Chapter IV discusses the system of corporate taxation or “resident” and non-resident” companies and tax liability of foreign collaborators. Special attention is paid to the liability arising out of various trading activities of non-resident companies in India and many problems of judicial determination relating to …

Double Jeopardy Of Corporate Profits, The , Constantine N. Katsoris

Faculty Scholarship

The more one reads about our economy, the more one is baffled and alarmed. Permanent solutions to economic problems are elusive. Treating one financial malaise often aggravates another sector of the economy, necessitating a delicate balancing of conflicting interests. Furthermore, the problems are complicated by the constant influence of foreign forces. Nevertheless, most economists agree that any solution will require enormous funding. Unfortunately, the public has little, if any, confidence in our tax system. Indeed, some tax laws and proposals have been referred to as "obscene" and a "disgrace to the human race." Few quarrel with the aptness of such …

Recent Developments, Benjamin W. Pardue

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

In 1967 the British government devalued the pound as against the dollar. The year 1969 witnessed the floating of the German mark. More recently the dollar has fluctuated widely in international money markets. Under presently accepted accounting principles United States multinational corporations are required to convert their foreign assets and liabilities into dollars at the year's end rate of exchange. When a foreign currency is devalued against the dollar, the value of that foreign subsidiary's assets also declines. In a corporation's consolidated financial statement such a drop in value may distract investors from the corporation's operating successes, with a corresponding …

Zenith Radio Corp. V. United States: Countervailing Duty - Application To Nonexcessive Remission Of Indirect Taxes, Joseph Murphy Bracken

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Tax Measures In Response To The Brain Drain, Richard Pomp, Oliver Oldman

Faculty Articles and Papers

Emigration results in the loss of skilled manpower for many countries. The widespread movement of skilled workers (PTKs) from less developed countries (LDCs) to developed countries (DCs) is particularly concerning. This emigration, referred to as the “brain drain”, creates two major concerns for LDCs: (1) slowing economic development, and (2) exploitation by DCs. As a result, LDCs have a growing resentment toward DCs, which leads to irrational discussion and a lack of solutions. The absence of reliable statistics has also greatly impeded progress.

This article discusses proposals for solutions to the brain drain issue. Part I addresses the problem, and …

Aquisitive Liquidations And Section 334(B)(2): Kimbell-Diamond And Beyond, Stephen B. Meister

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Reverse Transfer Of Technology: Legal And Administrative Aspects Of Compensation, Taxation And Related Policy Measures, Richard Pomp, Oliver Oldman

Faculty Articles and Papers

This study discusses the legal and administrative implications of transferring to the developing countries part of the benefits accruing to both the migrants and to the developed countries from the reverse transfer of technology, or brain drain. Brain drain is an expression used to indicate the migration of professional, technical, and kindred persons (PTKs) from the developing countries to the developed. This is causing concern regarding the effect this loss of manpower is having on the economies of the developing countries.

The causes of brain drain are complex, and a number of remedies have been suggested at various times to …

Taxation Of U.S.-Based Transnational Corporations, Mitchell B. Carroll

Mercer Law Review

This article will examine the United Nations Commission on Transnational Corporations (TNCs) along with various U.S. tax treaties and their consequences. We will then look to the various tax systems existing in France, Britain, Germany, and Japan to see how TNCs have been taxed there. Although the examination focuses on the U.S.-based TNCs, the policy considerations may be valid in reverse, e.g., as applied to foreign based TNCs operating in the United States. Considering the increasing role and financial dominance of the TNC, an understanding of tax basics as applied in four countries, will hopefully give the practitioner a working …

Definitional Problems Of The Foreign Income Tax Credit, Anthony J. Waters

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Case Digest, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

1. Admiralty

Employer is liable as a Pro Hac Vice Owner for Negligence of an Employee Engaged in Services other than Stevedoring

Submersible Oil Storage Facility use in Connection with Off-Shore Drilling is Classifiable as a "Vessel" within Provisions of Jones Act and General Maritime Jurisdiction

Exclusive Remedy Provision of the Puerto Rico Workmen's Accident Compensation Act does not apply to a Puerto Rican Citizen Injured outside the Territory of Puerto Rico

Determination of Unseaworthiness caused by Character of a Person Aboard is Limited to Crew Members' Condition

2. Common Market

European Community Directive Requires that in the Event of …

The Steel Products Decision: An Inquiry Into The Treatment Of The Value-Added Tax Under The Countervailing Duty Law, Charles L. Chambers

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

It is not often that one small clause in a tariff act becomes a major issue between domestic producers and the firms which import competitive foreign goods, a major issue in trade talks between the United States and the European Community, and a bone of contention between the Congress and the Executive Branch. Yet, section 303 of the Tariff Act of 1930 has done just that and no solution to the issues it has raised is in sight...

Section 303 of the Tariff Act of 1930 is simple enough on its face. It imposes a countervailing duty on any goods …

Case Digest, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

1. Admiralty

State Port Authority Acting Incident to Maritime Carriage Subject to Admiralty Jurisdiction in Damage Suit

MARINE INSURANCE PROVIDING COVERAGE OF LOSSES "ARISING FROM OR OCCURRING FROM" SPECIFIED CONDITIONS DOES NOT COVER LOSSES OCCURRING AFTER PERIOD OF COVERAGE DUE TO CONDITIONS WHICH INITIALLY AROSE DURING THE PERIOD OF COVERAGE

FEDERAL COURT LACKS POWER UNDER SUITS IN ADMIRALTY ACT TO IMPOSE GOVERNMENTAL LIABILITY FOR HARM CAUSED BY FAILURE TO EXERCISE DISCRETIONARY FUNCTION

2. Alien's Rights

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP CAN BE SHOWN AS A MATTER OF FACT FOR IMMIGRATION PURPOSES WHERE APPLICABLE FOREIGN DOMESTIC LAW HOLDS MEANINGLESS THE CONCEPT OF LEGITIMACY

3. …

Case Digest, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

1. Admiralty Shipowner's Warranty of Seaworthiness extends to any Regularly Used Mode of Ingress or Egress

Award of Prejudgment Interest in Admiralty may be Denied Party Substantially at Fault

Contribution will lie against the United States in Non-collision Maritime Cases when United States and Third Party Adjudged Mutually Negligent

Admiralty Jurisdiction does not Extend to Shoreside Injury Caused by Unloaded Cargo

Admiralty Jurisdiction does not Extend to Shoreside Injury Caused by Negligent Handling of Shipowner's Dunnage when Stevedore uses Own Equipment

2. ARBITRATION

Foreign Arbitration Award may be Enforceable at Bankruptcy although Issued after Initiation of Bankruptcy Proceedings

3. CONTRACTS …

The United States Interest Equalization Tax, Richard Pomp

Faculty Articles and Papers

The United States Interest Equalization tax is a one-time tax levied on certain foreign securities, proposed by President Kennedy in order to reduce the balance-of-payments deficit by restricting portfolio investment. Although the tax was enacted in 1964 as a short-term measure, it was continually extended and amended. This article explores the contours of the tax.

Prior to the tax, many foreign debt issues were attracting large amounts of capital due to their high interest rates. The IET attempts to equalize the yield of foreign debt issues with domestic debt issues by imposing a tax on the foreign issues and thus …

Limitation On Artificial Accounting Losses (Lal): Another Assault On The Tax Shelter., Jeffrey Clarke Anderson

St. Mary's Law Journal

Abstract Forthcoming.

Corporate Taxation In 1971; Something New, Something Old., Malcolm L. Shaw

St. Mary's Law Journal

Abstract Forthcoming.

Comparative Analysis Of Depreciation In The Common Market: United Kingdom, Richard Pomp

Faculty Articles and Papers

This article is a part of European Taxation’s continuing study of fiscal depreciation in the European economic community and focuses on the United Kingdom. It incorporates changes made by the Finance Act of 1972.

There are eight categories of capital expenditure for which depreciation, or capital allowances, are allowed and taken into account for income tax purposes. These categories include industrial buildings; plants and machinery; mines, oil wells, and other natural mineral deposits of a wasting nature; dredging; agricultural and forestry buildings; scientific research; patents; and know-how.

While there is considerable variation in the rules that apply to each category, …

Tax Consequences Of Foreign Currency Fluctuations, Sheldon S. Cohen

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This article concerns the United States federal income tax treatment of the gains and losses resulting from transactions involving currencies other than the United States dollar. United States income taxes must be computed and paid in United States dollars. Therefore, when persons subject to United States income taxes engage in transactions involving foreign currencies, they must account for their profits in terms of dollars for United States income tax purposes. This result follows even if the taxpayer does not actually convert the results of these transactions into dollars. Whether the failure to convert is voluntary, or results from legal restrictions …

The Secret Foreign Bank Account And Legitimate Alternatives, Charles W. Adams

Articles, Chapters in Books and Other Contributions to Scholarly Works

The author, a member of the California State Bar and consultant, Euro-Dutch Trust Company, George Town, Grand Cayman, B. W. I., labels the use of the secret foreign bank account "foolish and lazy." He suggests that the taxpayer can reduce his tax bite through tax deferral planning, an area in which legislation has been continued and expanded.

Income Averaging, M. Carr Ferguson, Edwin T. Hood

Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Tax Collection From Estates Of Nonresidents, Robert Whitman

Faculty Articles and Papers

No abstract provided.

Trends In The Taxation Of Foreign Income, M. Bernard Aidinoff

William & Mary Annual Tax Conference

No abstract provided.

Section 482 And Its Effects On International Business Transactions, S. M. Frohlich

William & Mary Annual Tax Conference

No abstract provided.

Integration And Economic Development, Robert Birmingham

Faculty Articles and Papers

No abstract provided.

Taxation-Federal Tax Liens-Section 6321 Of The Internal Revenue Code As Basis For Injunction Binding Assets Of Foreign Branch Of American Bank, Gerald J. Laba

Michigan Law Review

The Commissioner of Internal Revenue issued jeopardy assessments against the taxpayer, Omar, S.A., a Uruguayan corporation. To avoid payment, Omar began to liquidate its American-held assets by transferring receipts out of the country. Pursuant to its statutory right, under section 6321 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, to impose a lien upon all property of a delinquent taxpayer, the United States brought suit against Omar and various New York banks in the domestic and foreign branches of which Omar's funds were deposited. The district court granted a preliminary injunction restraining certain of the banks from transferring any property whether …