Taxation-State and Local Commons^™

Bearer Negotiable Instruments: Addressing A Financial Intelligence Gap And Identifying Criminogenic Weaknesses, Hollis B. Kegg

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Bearer Negotiable Instruments (BNI) are a long-standing category of financial instruments used to transfer large amounts of money in ways that may not be subject to regulation, reporting, tracking, review, or oversight. There is limited information available on BNIs, and no evidence that any studies have been undertaken on BNIs alone, much less reported. Increasingly, BNIs are being used for illegal purposes including money laundering. This study gathers information about their characteristics, nature, purpose, legal status, and numbers. It also focuses on the crime risks associated with BNIs, the crime opportunities they facilitate, and the criminal weaknesses in the financial …

Into The "Vortex Of Legal Precision": Access To Justice, Complexity, And The Canadian Tax System, Colin Jackson

PhD Dissertations

This thesis is an exploration of access to justice issues in the Canadian tax system. Drawing on the work of Roderick Macdonald, it argues for a broad conception of access to justice based on the empowerment of individuals in all of the sites, processes, institutions where law is made, administered, and applied. It argues that tax law shows the usefulness of this comprehensive approach to access to justice. Using the comprehensive approach to access to justice, the thesis goes on to argue that legal complexity should be seen as an important access to justice issue in tax law. It lays …

Tax Incentives For Attracting Foreign Direct Investment In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comparative Study Of Ghana And Kenya, Patrick Ofori

LLM Theses

Developing countries have increasingly resorted to the use of tax incentives to attract FDI, despite existing evidence of the shortcomings of tax incentives. In sub-Saharan Africa, tax incentives are a prominent feature of many investment codes. Sub-Saharan African countries find tax incentives as a means of attracting FDI because there are no viable alternatives per se, and they believe that tax incentives can be structured to ensure that FDI advances socio-economic and technological development. But the reliance on tax incentives at the expense of maximizing domestic tax revenue poses a challenge to sustainable development. This study examines Ghana and Kenya …

Capacitación Para La Elaboración De Informes Administrativos Y Contables De La Fundación Jesús El Buen Pastor, Según Requerimiento De La Alcaldía Mayor De Bogotá D.C, David Ernesto Ramos Cobos, Ana Carolina Hernández

Administración de Empresas

El siguiente proyecto, consistió en orientar y capacitar en temas administrativos y contables a los miembros de la entidad sin ánimo de lucro Fundación Jesús el Buen Pastor, dedicada a prestar servicio social a las familias de bajos recursos en la localidad de Bosa de Bogotá. Dentro del texto se encontrará los enfoques más importantes en los cuales se tuvo que trabajar rápidamente, esto debido a que la Fundación Jesús el Buen Pastor por temas de desconocimiento no cumplía con los requisitos mínimos de las entidades reguladoras, los cual podía llevarlos a un cierre definitivo de sus instalaciones. A través …

Efectos De La Política Montearía En Colombia A Través Del Mecanismo De Transmisión Del Crédito Bancario Sobre La Inflación En El Periodo 2001 A 2015., Diego Andrés Contreras Rodríguez

Economía

El presente trabajo se elaboró con el propósito de identificar la influencia que tuvo la política monetaria sobre la inflación, a través del mecanismo de transmisión del crédito bancario, teniendo en cuenta la evolución que registró, los depósitos que recibió y los préstamos que otorgó el sistema financiero al público, por medio de los bancos comerciales, a partir del 2001, año donde el banco central implementó una nueva estrategia monetaria con los objetivos de mantener una estabilidad en los precios y un crecimiento alto y sostenible del producto. En el análisis, se presentan los cambios en la postura monetaria, mediante …

El Impuesto A La Renta Y Complementarios En Colombia Desde El Punto De Vista Del Contribuyente Persona Natural, Ley 1819 De 2016, Juan David Rojas, Natalia Ramírez Barbosa

Contaduría Pública

El presente artículo, tiene como objetivo presentar el impuesto a la renta y complementarios en Colombia desde el punto de vista del contribuyente persona natural, ley 1819 de 2016, en el que permiten evitar la evasión y elusión fiscal en Colombia. La evasión y elusión de impuestos son fenómenos que se encuentran inmersos en los diferentes grupos sociales, afectando a la comunidad en aspectos económicos, sociales, culturales y fiscales. La evasión responde a conductas o prácticas que adoptan las personas en el intento de evitar o eludir una responsabilidad u obligación que se tiene consigo mismo, con la comunidad o …

La Importancia De La Evidencia En La Revisoría Fiscal: Documentación Probatoria, Lizeth Angélica Reyes Sepúlveda, Geraldine Rojas Marín

Contaduría Pública

El objetivo de este artículo, es mostrar la necesidad e importancia de la documentación probatoria que soporta la opinión y las conclusiones del revisor fiscal, teniendo en cuenta la evidencia recopilada durante la auditoría la cual debe ser válida y suficiente para lograr seguridad razonable en el dictamen a los estados financieros. Adicionalmente, se reconoció la normatividad Colombiana que aplica a los revisores fiscales con sus diferentes responsabilidades, también las prácticas frente a la documentación probatoria, esclareciendo las implicaciones legales y jurídicas del revisor fiscal al no soportar apropiadamente el dictamen de los estados financieros. También se exponen los diferentes …

Diseño Plan De Auditoría Para La Evaluación Al Sistema De Control Interno De Las Entidades Del Sector Financiero, Laura Juliana Contreras Caro

Contaduría Pública

En el desarrollo del presente artículo se encontrará un contexto que guiará y sustentará la importancia de proponer un diseño de plan de auditoría para la evaluación del sistema de control interno en las entidades del sector financiero, el contenido corresponde a una temática apoyada en la normatividad colombiana con responsabilidad frente a una normatividad internacional, con el ánimo de retroalimentar la perspectiva e importancia del control interno, de cara con algunos sucesos de inestabilidad en las entidades financieras ocurridos en la realidad y que develan la importancia de una óptima implementación y evaluación de control interno. Se encontrará en …

La Importancia Del Control Interno En Las Pymes, Caso Ferrin Petrol Sas, Ángela Julieth Gutiérrez Osorio, Laura Natalia Castiblanco Peña

Contaduría Pública

El propósito de este trabajo es presentar la importancia del control interno en las Pymes, caso FERRIN PETROL SAS, para la mejora continua de los procesos y los procedimientos, puesto que en Colombia las empresas en su mayoría empiezan como entes económicos muy pequeños que no tienen una base organizacional muy fuerte ni sólida. Uno de esos grupos de empresas son las familiares, las cuales tienen diferentes procesos según el objeto social de la misma; por tal razón, es de gran importancia mencionar, entender y saber cómo es el manejo del control interno en dichas organizaciones, con el fin de …

Efectos Frente A La Aplicación Niif En Cooperativas De Transporte De Carga Y Pasajeros En Colombia Al Año 2017, David Guillermo Flórez Ávila, Luis Antonio Suarez Sanabria

Contaduría Pública

El presente artículo tiene como objeto analizar los efectos de la aplicación de las NIIF en las cooperativas de transporte de carga y pasajeros en Colombia, con el fin de comprender estos cambios es necesario contextualizar ¿Qué son las cooperativas de transporte de carga y pasajeros en Colombia?, puesto que desde el año 2015 en Colombia se implementaron las normas internacionales de información financiera, las cuales se fueron aplicando a las empresas según la normatividad y la clasificación de las mismas; de igual forma es importante caracterizar y examinar las normas contables aplicables al patrimonio de las cooperativas de transporte …

An Exploratory Comparison Of Kentucky Public School Districts That Primarily Select The “Compensating Rate”, Andrew J. Wells

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

Public school districts in the Commonwealth of Kentucky are primarily funded from federal, state, and local sources. While the proportion of each of these funding sources differs from district to district, the local property tax is one source that is within the control of locally-elected officials: the members of the local Board of Education. While some Boards of Education choose to increase local tax rates to increase local revenue, others do not. This research suggests that property value assessments and median incomes of districts that choose not to increase tax rates are similar. A majority of the counties studied are …

Trabajo De Campo En El Área Administrativa Y Contable Fundación Jesús El Buen Pastor, Katherine Lastra Vargas, Luis Eduardo Aroca Cobos

Administración de Empresas

En este trabajo podemos encontrar la aplicación de los conocimientos adquiridos en las carreras de Administración de Empresas y Contaduría Pública para el mejoramiento de los procesos y procedimientos de la Fundación Jesús El Buen Pastor, el cual contribuyó a crear un marco estratégico que permitió identificar la misión para la cual la organización fue creada y a su vez establecer lineamientos y herramientas que pudieran ayudar al crecimiento de la fundación tanto administrativo como contable. Al desarrollar este trabajo de grado se pudo obtener la situación actual de la fundación, realizar un diagnóstico de la misma y a su …

Análisis De La Implementación De La Factura Electrónica En Colombia Como Mecanismo De Control Al Fraude Fiscal, Carlos Alberto Palacio Ospina

Contaduría Pública

El presente documento tiene como intención determinar si la implementación de la factura electrónica en Colombia puede llegar a ser un eficiente mecanismo de control fiscal que permita disminuir los índices de evasión que tiene el país. Para lograr este objetivo se realizó un análisis a la evolución histórica del sistema tributario colombiano, con el fin de contextualizar y evidenciar las causas del fraude fiscal. Igualmente, los niveles de evasión fiscal en Colombia fueron documentados en cifras y estadísticas, comparadas con las de otros países de la región. Se analizó también cómo ésta problemática afecta a las finanzas públicas. Luego, …

Legalizing Recreational And Medical Marijuana In The State Of Kentucky: A Tax Revenue Recommendation, Drew Barker

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

No executive summary.

California Redevelopment 2.0: Implementation Of Community Revitalization And Investment Authorities, Christopher Hoem

Master's Projects

This research aims at revealing the challenges and opportunities in implementing Community Revitalization and Investment Authorities (CRIAs) in California.

This study will focus on the implementation of CRIAs, but it is worth examining alternative economic development tools to draw comprehensive comparisons and understand their advantages and disadvantages.

Understanding economic development tools may be valuable for the commercial and industrial growth and prosperity of cities and local governments. It may also be important to increase the number of affordable housing units in an area. Businesses and low-income families alike share the benefits of successful redevelopment. It may be possible to reveal …

Consumer Response To Increases In The State Cigarette Tax, Patrick Nolan

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

In this paper I look at consumer responsiveness to the cigarette tax. Cigarette taxes are motivated by wanting to raise money for the state and wanting to deter smoking in the state’s population. Obviously reducing smoking in the population would reduce the externalities caused by smoking. We know the health effects are completely detrimental to the consumer, and detrimental to those around them. In addition to this we know that tobacco is an addictive substance, meaning than is inherently extremely inelastic.

To find on how consumers respond to tax increases I conducted a difference in difference analysis of tax revenue …

Tax Expenditure Limitations (Tels) And State Expenditure Structure, Jeffrey M. Kulik

All Capstone Projects

Background: Tax Expenditure Limitations (TELs) are limits placed on either outlays of cash or creation of new revenues via tax levy by states. There have been many TEL initiatives since the so-called Taxpayer Revolt of the late 1970s.

Purpose: This paper analyzes the impact of TELs on different types of state expenditures. This study provides a comparative analysis of different types of TELs on the state level and aims to evaluate the effect of TEL policy on state expenditure structures.

Methods: Using panel data analysis, this work finds that states with more stringently binding tax and expenditure limitations-in addition to …

The Impact Of The Tax Revolt And School Reform On Oregon Schools During The 1990s, Beth Cookler

Dissertations and Theses

When Oregon voters passed the property tax limitation initiative, Measure 5, and the state legislature enacted school reform under the Oregon Educational Act for the 21st Century during the 1990-91 school year, the trajectory of public schooling in the state changed significantly. After Oregon's tax revolt, the state legislature also enacted legislation that equalized school funding throughout the state. The combination of equalization and the Measure 5 step-down to the $5 per $1000 tax limitation led to a decrease in statewide school funding over the decade. Many wealthy urban districts experienced years of budget cuts, while rural districts received additional …

The Effect Of Excise Taxes On Cigarette Smuggling: An Instrumental Variable Approach, Tim Burke

CMC Senior Theses

I use an instrumental variable approach to estimate the effect of excise taxes on cigarette smuggling. The IV approach addresses the potential endogeneity of excise taxes while controlling for other determinants of smuggling. I use panel data on 47 states from 1990-2009. The main results confirm the validity of the instrument, the percent of Democrats in the upper house of state legislatures, but do not reject exogeneity of excise taxes. Robustness tests using an alternative measure of cigarette smuggling find the opposite result. All models find that per capita income and the number of federal police per 100,000 residents are …

Impact Of The 2003 Illinois Gaming Tax Rate Increase On Marketing Spending And Cross-State Substitution, Mikael Bengt Ahlgren

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The purpose of this research was to investigate three potential consequences related to the 2003 Illinois Gaming Tax rate restructuring. The first section presents the assessment of whether a higher tax rate motivated an Illinois casino operator to reduce of marketing/promotional expenditures in an attempt to negatively influence revenues. The second establishes if the surrounding state gaming operators reacted to the increased Gaming Tax rate in Illinois, by raising their marketing spending. The last section clarifies whether the changes to the Illinois Gaming Tax Schedule impacted gaming volumes in the neighboring/competing states of Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri.

The analysis relied …

Statistical Analysis Of A Vehicle Miles Travled Fee For Nevada, Andrew Nordland

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Increases in the number of electric, hybrid-electric, and other alternative fuel vehicles, combined with increasing vehicle fuel efficiency present problems with the ability of the fuel tax to collect sufficient revenue. A Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Fee is being considered as an option to replace the existing fuel tax for the collection of revenue for road maintenance, reconstruction and expansion. This study provides an analysis about costs, preference of a potential billing cycle, level of comfort with a mileage collection device, potential changes in transit use, and the effectiveness of a VMT Fee for Nevada. Multinomial logit models are developed …

The Effect Of Casino Tax Policy On Short-Run Gaming Development, Kahlil Philander

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This study examines the effect of casino tax rate structure on investment by casino operators. Using a panel data set consisting of all states with legal commercial casino gambling from 1998 to 2009, a fixed-effect model with two-stage least squares is estimated to examine the effect of gambling taxes on firms' short-run behavior. The study finds that maximum casino tax rates decrease casino employment, with an estimated average elasticity of -0.5. This result is noted to be robust to several different model specifications and data subsets. No robust relationship is found between maximum tax rates and casino wages. No significant …

The Stable American Mind: Understanding Attitudes Towards Government And Taxes, 1990-2011, Christopher P. Eldred

CMC Senior Theses

As the federal government seeks ways to stimulate our economy and reduce our national debt, understanding public attitudes on the role and size of government and the taxes that support it is important. This thesis evaluates how US public opinion towards government and taxes has changed from 1990 to the present, and analyzes several potential causes for changes that have occurred. It is intended to be an update of William G. Mayer’s 1992 book entitled The Changing American Mind, which analyzed changing public opinion from 1960-1988. In following his analysis, the causes I have analyzed are generational replacement, fiscal …

Maine's General Sales Tax: An Exploration Of Policy Issues And Options, Sarah Rawlings

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

Introduction The role of sales taxation in states’ economies has been a topic of much discussion and controversy since its inception in some states more than 70 years ago. The sales tax has been a critical component of revenue generation for some 98% of states over the last 50 years, but policy-makers and economists have become concerned in recent years about the dwindling revenues being generated by sales taxation in most states.

Impacts Of The Tax Shift Of 1981: An Examination Of Nevada Local Governments, Philip F. Stoeckinger

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The 1981 Nevada Legislature reduced property tax rates in what is known as the “Tax Shift”, whereby cities and counties received less property tax revenue and more sales tax revenue. Nevada made this change to mirror California Proposition 13, along with over forty states nationwide. Furthermore, the property tax rates that could be levied by local governments were “capped.” Nevada also became the only state to depreciate improvements (buildings) in determining the value of property (Tax Topics, 2001). In doing the preceding, Nevada moved from basing its revenue structure on a stable revenue source (property tax), to an unstable revenue …

The Effects Of Selected Tax Reform And School Finance Proposals On The Equalizing Tendencies Of State Aid To Michigan Public School Districts, Dorothy R. Hildebrand

Dissertations

Problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects selected tax reform and school finance proposals would have on the equalizing tendencies of state aid to Michigan school districts. The study focused on nine finance revisions as follows: The Tisch proposal which would make 50 percent cuts in all real property values; the Siljander proposal which would make 60 percent cuts in the value of some classifications of real property; two variations of the Tisch and Siljander proposals which would specify even larger reductions in property values than the original proposals; two variations of the Siljander proposal which …