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Articles 61 - 90 of 107
Full-Text Articles in Tax Law
Thinking About Conflicting Gravitational Pulls Litcs: The Academy And The Irs, Nancy S. Abramowitz
Thinking About Conflicting Gravitational Pulls Litcs: The Academy And The Irs, Nancy S. Abramowitz
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
This article addresses the tension between educational and public service goals in the immediate term for tax clinics receiving funding from the Low Income Taxpayer Clinic (“LITC”) program under Internal Revenue Code §7526. The author expresses concern that the LITC Program Office will over emphasize the “number-of-taxpayers served” factor in program evaluation, thereby putting academic clinics at a distinct disadvantage in seeking and/or retaining program funds. By imposing these types of “productivity” measures, there is a tendency to force that particular type of activity, thereby significantly disrupting what otherwise might be a better or different educational model for the use …
Beating The 'Wrap': The Agency Effort To Control Wraparound Insurance Tax Shelters, Charlene Luke
Beating The 'Wrap': The Agency Effort To Control Wraparound Insurance Tax Shelters, Charlene Luke
UF Law Faculty Publications
The first wraparound insurance tax shelter was marketed in the mid-1960s as a means for contract owners to exploit the inconsistency arising from the difference in the tax treatment of investment returns earned inside variable insurance contracts and the economically similar returns available outside such contracts. Federal income tax is deferred (and in some cases eliminated) on the income accruing inside variable insurance products - called inside buildup. In the most recent iteration of the wraparound insurance gambit, insurance companies wrapped private-placement, hedge-fund interests inside variable insurance products in order to allow contract owners to defer tax on the ordinary …
Tax Shelter Disclosure And Penalties: New Requirements, New Exposures, Mary A. Mcnulty, Robert D. Probasco
Tax Shelter Disclosure And Penalties: New Requirements, New Exposures, Mary A. Mcnulty, Robert D. Probasco
Faculty Scholarship
One of the primary weapons in the battle against tax shelters has been mandatory disclosure to the IRS. The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 built on this approach by clarifying and making consistent the various disclosure requirements and strengthening penalties for non-disclosure. To uncover abusive transactions, Congress drew the boundaries of disclosure so broadly that even legitimate tax planning transactions are covered. To understand the dangers in the new rules, one must look at the broad range of transactions covered, the participants covered, and the harsh penalties for nondisclosure.
- Transactions Covered. The disclosure requirements apply to six categories …
Tax Law Uncertainty And The Role Of Tax Insurance, Kyle D. Logue
Tax Law Uncertainty And The Role Of Tax Insurance, Kyle D. Logue
Articles
In the broadest sense, this is an article about legal or regulatory uncertainty and the role that private and public insurance can play in managing it. More narrowly, the article is about tax law enforcement and the familiar if ill-defined distinctions between tax evasion, tax avoidance, and abusive tax avoidance. Most specifically, the article is about a new type of tax risk insurance policy, sometimes called tax indemnity insurance or transactional tax risk insurance that provides coverage against the risk that the Internal Revenue Service (Service) will disallow a taxpayer-insured's tax treatment of a particular transaction. The question is whether …
Options To Acquire Partnership Interests: Can The Tax Law Keep Pace?, Walter D. Schwidetzky
Options To Acquire Partnership Interests: Can The Tax Law Keep Pace?, Walter D. Schwidetzky
All Faculty Scholarship
It has become increasingly common for partnerships to issue options that give the holder the right to acquire an interest in the partnership for a set price. The holder of the option will exercise it if he feels that the partnership interest to be acquired is worth more than the exercise price. There is a dearth of authority on the federal tax treatment of option transactions, and the Service has recently asked for guidance from the tax bar as to what approach it should take. This article focuses on one piece of the partnership option puzzle, options to acquire partnership …
Race Conscious Affirmative Action By Tax Exempt 501(C)(3) Corporations After Grutter And Gratz, David A. Brennen
Race Conscious Affirmative Action By Tax Exempt 501(C)(3) Corporations After Grutter And Gratz, David A. Brennen
Law Faculty Scholarly Articles
The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment generally acts as a legal limit on the permissible bounds of government action. Accordingly, public universities and other government entities are constitutionally prohibited from engaging in acts that violate equal protection of the laws. The Supreme Court recently reinforced this point when it ruled, in two related cases, that public universities may consider the race of applicants when making admissions decisions, so long as an applicant's race does not amount to a deciding factor when granting admission. By its very terms, the constitutional limitation imposed by the Equal Protection Clause only directly …
Employer Tax Liability For Employees' Tips: Fior D'Italia, Steve R. Johnson
Employer Tax Liability For Employees' Tips: Fior D'Italia, Steve R. Johnson
Scholarly Publications
Given Nevada's heavy concentration of businesses in which employees are tipped, lawyers here may be more than usually interested in a recent decision by the United States Supreme Court. On June 17, 2002, the Court decided United States v. Fior D'ltalia, Inc. By 6 to 3, the Court held that the IRS may use an “aggregate estimation” method to determine employers’ liability for Social Security (FICA) taxes imposed on their employees’ tip income. The decision is an important development in a controversy of long duration, but it is not the end of that controversy. This article …
Taxable And Tax-Free Acquisitions And Separations, Mark J. Silverman, Robert H. Wellen, Mark L. Yecies
Taxable And Tax-Free Acquisitions And Separations, Mark J. Silverman, Robert H. Wellen, Mark L. Yecies
William & Mary Annual Tax Conference
No abstract provided.
Capitalization In The Nineties, Glenn R. Carrington
Capitalization In The Nineties, Glenn R. Carrington
William & Mary Annual Tax Conference
No abstract provided.
Section 338(H)(10) & Appendix, Mark J. Silverman, Jonathan I. Forrest
Section 338(H)(10) & Appendix, Mark J. Silverman, Jonathan I. Forrest
William & Mary Annual Tax Conference
No abstract provided.
Section 338(H)(10), Mark L. Yecies
Section 338(H)(10), Mark L. Yecies
William & Mary Annual Tax Conference
No abstract provided.
Contingent Consideration And Contingent Liabilities In Acquisitions: Outline,Addendum, References, Robert H. Wellen
Contingent Consideration And Contingent Liabilities In Acquisitions: Outline,Addendum, References, Robert H. Wellen
William & Mary Annual Tax Conference
No abstract provided.
Corporate Divisions Under Section 355, Mark J. Silverman
Corporate Divisions Under Section 355, Mark J. Silverman
William & Mary Annual Tax Conference
No abstract provided.
Tax Lawyers, Ethical Obligations, And The Duty To The System, Watson
Tax Lawyers, Ethical Obligations, And The Duty To The System, Watson
Scholarly Works
Perhaps the most elusive area of law is that of legal ethics. While the term itself is easy to define,' the subject all but defies codification because ethics, or morals (the terms are interchangeable), cannot be encapsulated by or in law. This is because law, in general, contains its own standard of validity on which there is usually clear societal consensus. For example, murder, rape, and theft are morally repugnant universally. Hence, punishment for any of these offenses does not impinge upon religious or individual autonomy because there is no ethical freedom to choose whether or not to engage in …
Fog, Fairness, And The Federal Fisc: Tenancy-By-The-Entireties Interests And The Federal Tax Lien, Steve R. Johnson
Fog, Fairness, And The Federal Fisc: Tenancy-By-The-Entireties Interests And The Federal Tax Lien, Steve R. Johnson
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Is Compromise Of A Tax Liability Itself Taxable? A Problem Of Circularity In The Logic Of Taxation., Richard C.E. Beck
Is Compromise Of A Tax Liability Itself Taxable? A Problem Of Circularity In The Logic Of Taxation., Richard C.E. Beck
Articles & Chapters
No abstract provided.
Miscellaneous Revenue Issues: Hearings Before The Subcommittee On Select Revenue Measures Of The Committee On Ways And Means, House Of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, Charles B. Rangel, Mel Hancock, Stefan F. Tucker, B. Wyckliffe Pattishall Jr., Howard J. Levine, John W. Lee
Miscellaneous Revenue Issues: Hearings Before The Subcommittee On Select Revenue Measures Of The Committee On Ways And Means, House Of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, Charles B. Rangel, Mel Hancock, Stefan F. Tucker, B. Wyckliffe Pattishall Jr., Howard J. Levine, John W. Lee
Congressional Testimony
No abstract provided.
The Income Tax Treatment Of Social Welfare Benefits, Jonathan Barry Forman
The Income Tax Treatment Of Social Welfare Benefits, Jonathan Barry Forman
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Part I of this Article describes the major social welfare programs in the United States. Part II outlines the basic structure of the federal income tax and describes how social welfare benefits are treated by the income tax system. Finally, Part III surveys some recent proposals to tax particular social welfare benefits and considers the arguments for and against taxing such benefits. The Article concludes that the need for new revenue sources will push the federal government to reconsider the tax treatment of social welfare benefits.
The Like-Kind Exchange Of Partnership Interests Under Irc Section 1031(A)(2)(D): An Historical Analysis Of Alternative Approaches, Vincent John Piazza
The Like-Kind Exchange Of Partnership Interests Under Irc Section 1031(A)(2)(D): An Historical Analysis Of Alternative Approaches, Vincent John Piazza
University of Richmond Law Review
Before the Tax Reform Act of 1984, general partnership interests were considered like-kind property which could be exchanged tax-free under Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") section 1031(a). Prior to 1984, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") had tried unsuccessfully to convince the courts that the parenthetical clause of section 1031(a), which excludes certain exchanges of interests from the definition of like-kind property, encompassed all types of equity interests. Since the IRC did not specifically exclude partnership interests, judges were very reluctant to adopt the IRS's over-expansive reading of the statute. After making very little headway with the courts, the IRS and treasury …
Omnibus Taxpayers' Bill Of Rights Act: Taxpayers' Remedy Or Political Placebo?, Creighton R. Meland Jr.
Omnibus Taxpayers' Bill Of Rights Act: Taxpayers' Remedy Or Political Placebo?, Creighton R. Meland Jr.
Michigan Law Review
This Note examines whether the bill, as drafted, addresses the problems which spawned it. It anticipates the bill's effects on existing law and identifies areas where the bill would likely create new problems in the administration of the federal tax laws. It further identifies areas where the bill would solve problems. This Note concludes that (1) the bill's audit provisions will not significantly expand taxpayer rights, and may in fact disrupt the audit process; (2) except for safeguards for installment agreements, the bill's attempts to reform IRS collections procedures will not achieve its intended objectives; and (3) the bill's damages …
Looking A Gift-Horse In The Mouth: Some Observations And Suggestions For Improving Internal Revenue Code Section 1244, Henry F. Johnson, Mark W. Cochran
Looking A Gift-Horse In The Mouth: Some Observations And Suggestions For Improving Internal Revenue Code Section 1244, Henry F. Johnson, Mark W. Cochran
Faculty Articles
Most investors who contemplate a new business venture concentrate on the positive financial aspects of the business. Few investors realize that a thorough tax plan for a prospective business must also account for the contingency of failure. Since the failure of a business venture will, in some way, result in a taxable event, the conscientious corporate planner must devise a strategy that will utilize the losses incurred in order to achieve the most advantageous tax result. Internal Revenue Code section 1244 is not new, not particularly complex, and not fraught with misfortune for taxpayers failing to meet its provisions. This …
The Emasculated Role Of Judicial Precedent In The Tax Court And Internal Revenue Service, Deborah A. Geier
The Emasculated Role Of Judicial Precedent In The Tax Court And Internal Revenue Service, Deborah A. Geier
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
This article examines the Tax Court and the Internal Revenue Service. Part I discusses the structural and decision-making evolution of the Tax Court as well as the most common recommendation for change--the creation of a National Court of Tax Appeals. Part II examines the nonacquiescence practice of the Internal Revenue Service and the current state of the law with respect to intracircuit nonacquiescence. The article concludes that an expanded concept of stare decisis can alleviate many of the problems without the massive structural change entailed in the creation of a National Court of Tax Appeals.
The Federal Circuit's 1985 Tax Cases: The Exercise Of Equity, William S. Blatt
The Federal Circuit's 1985 Tax Cases: The Exercise Of Equity, William S. Blatt
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of The Tax Reform Act Of 1984 On Alimony And Transfers Of Property Incident To Divorce, J. Thomas O'Brien Jr.
The Effect Of The Tax Reform Act Of 1984 On Alimony And Transfers Of Property Incident To Divorce, J. Thomas O'Brien Jr.
University of Richmond Law Review
The Tax Reform Act of 1984 made substantial changes affecting the tax consequences of divorce. This comment will focus on the changes made in the tax treatment of transfers of property incident to divorce, in the definitional requirements of alimony and separate maintenance, and on the changes affecting "alimony" trusts and other forms of property. It will then analyze these changes by contrasting them, in light of congressional intent, with their pre-Tax Act development and treatment and attempt to draw some conclusions with respect to their effectiveness. Other changes affecting domestic relations are not within the scope of this comment.
The Internal Revenue Service's "Hart Wright Method", Mortimer Caplin
The Internal Revenue Service's "Hart Wright Method", Mortimer Caplin
Michigan Law Review
A Tribute to L. Hart Wright
Irs Denials Of Charitable Status: A Social Welfare Organization Problem, Michigan Law Review
Irs Denials Of Charitable Status: A Social Welfare Organization Problem, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This Note argues that the courts and the Service should recognize social welfare organizations as charitable and, consequently, contributions to such organizations should be tax deductible. Part I describes the Service's position and sets forth the statutory arguments supporting it. Part II raises two objections to the Service's position: (1) the distinction between social welfare organizations and charitable organizations lacks an adequate statutory justification, and (2) this distinction produces unpredictable and arbitrary results. Part III proposes that all social welfare organizations be accorded charitable status under subsection 50l(c)(3). This proposal would eliminate the arbitrary results now reached by the Service, …
United States V. Rylander, Lewis F. Powell Jr.
United States V. Rylander, Lewis F. Powell Jr.
Supreme Court Case Files
No abstract provided.
The Irs's Application Of Arbitrage Provisions: Overregulation Of Municipal Finance, Carol L. Gruendel
The Irs's Application Of Arbitrage Provisions: Overregulation Of Municipal Finance, Carol L. Gruendel
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The federal tax exemption afforded to municipal bonds makes them a desirable investment, but the tax exemption is a costly preference in the federal tax system, that has caused a loss of $9.4 billion in federal revenues in the fiscal year of 1981. Legislation has been enacted to regulate the use of the tax exemption for municipal bonds when their issuers engage in arbitrage practices. Arbitrage bonds are defined under Section 103(c) of the Internal Revenue Code as municipal securities which are issued for the purpose of investing the majority of the proceeds in higher yielding securities, or to replace …
Institutional Posture: A Measure For Good Faith In An Irs Summons Enforcement Proceeding, Monice Rosenbaum
Institutional Posture: A Measure For Good Faith In An Irs Summons Enforcement Proceeding, Monice Rosenbaum
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The Internal Revenue Service may use its powers under section 7602 of the Internal Revenue Code to issue administrative summonses to taxpayers and third parties to verify the content of a filed tax return or to prepare a return where none has been filed. Frequent disputes arise between the IRS and taxpayers who claim that its agents have overstepped their section 7602 power. The Supreme Court attempted to clarify the issues surrounding these disputes in United States v. LaSalle National Bank. The Court formulated a two prong test and created an "institutional posture" standard to measure the IRS's good faith. …