State and Local Government Law Commons^™

A New State Constitutional Right To Informational Privacy: The Origins Speak, Albert E. Scherr, Neal Kurk

Law Faculty Scholarship

[Excerpt] This article occupies the space between the ongoing, newly energized development of state constitutional law and the fraught public policy field of privacy protections. It analyzes a new state constitutional provision that is explicitly and exclusively about information privacy. The provision, Part I, Article 2b9 of the New Hampshire Constitution,10 reads as follows: An individual’s right to live free from governmental intrusion in private or personal information is natural, essential, and inherent.11 The provision extends an individual’s privacy right significantly beyond that of both the federal and New Hampshire state constitutions. It operates at the intersection of privacy and …

Do Federal Circuit Courts Of Appeal Provide Adequate Assistance To Self-Represented Litigants? A Review Of The Circuits’ Websites Resources, Jona Goldschmidt

Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality

No abstract provided.

Rethinking Structural Injunctions In State Constitutional Litigation, Jonathan L. Marshfield

UF Law Faculty Publications

This Article’s core claim is that state courts should rethink how they approach remedies in structural injunction cases. Specifically, they should rely less on federal precedent and work to develop unique state doctrines that better reflect state constitutional structure and democratic design. This Article argues that the predominant federal rationales for limiting equitable relief neither sufficiently engage with state constitutional structure nor with the nature of state constitutional democracy. Instead, they tend to simply parrot ideas and arguments the United States Supreme Court developed under the federal Constitution that do not have the same relevance or salience when deciding remedies …

Unconcerned And Undertrained: The Indiana Jail Death Epidemic And The Need For Expanded Jail Officer Training, Sadie Rothrock

Indiana Law Journal

On October 4, 2018, Jerod Draper lost his life after two hours of torture by Harrison County jail officers. While in custody of the jail and suffering from an overdose, Jerod Draper was placed in a restraint chair for two hours and tased seven times in fifteen minutes. Jerod Draper’s story is one of the many stories demonstrating how a jail death epidemic is occurring throughout Indiana. In this Note, I discuss the history of incarceration in the United States, the statutes under which families of jail death victims can sue, and Indiana’s jail death problem. I then highlight Indiana’s …

Federalism, State Action, And Workers' Medical Privacy, Ani B. Satz

Indiana Law Journal

Injured workers entering state workers’ compensation systems effectively forego their medical privacy. This is due to widespread judicial misinterpretation of the HIPAA Privacy Rule (HPR) as excluding injured workers from federal medical privacy protections. As a result, medical privacy for workers’ compensation claims is effectively governed by state law. This Article argues that states have failed to protect the medical privacy of injured workers adequately and that there is a pressing need for legislative reform. The Article presents the first comprehensive survey in the legal literature of state action protecting the medical privacy of injured workers. Part I describes the …

Front Matter

SMU Annual Texas Survey

No abstract provided.

Wills & Trusts, Gerry W. Beyer

SMU Annual Texas Survey

This Article discusses developments relating to the Texas law of intestacy, wills, estate administration, trusts, and other estate planning matters during the Survey period of December 1, 2023, through November 30, 2024. The reader is warned that not all cases decided during the Survey period are presented, and not all aspects of each case is analyzed. You must read and study each case’s full text before relying on it or using it as precedent. The discussion of most cases includes a moral, that is, the important lesson to be learned from the case. By recognizing situations that resulted in time- …

Texas Business Court, Byron F. Egan

SMU Annual Texas Survey

No abstract provided.

Opioid Settlements And Profitable Public Nuisances, Clayton J. Masterman

Touro Law Review

The global settlements between state and local governments and opioid manufacturers, distributors, and retailers require opioid defendants to transform their businesses and pay more than $40 billion to abate the ongoing opioid epidemic. The $40 billion in abatement funds is a substantial pool of money that is likely to help states combat opioid use and abuse. Large as the payments are, however, they are significantly smaller than the profits that the opioid defendants made over the course of the epidemic or the total harm that they caused. This Article argues that the global opioid settlements incentivize future defendants to create …

The Law Of Energy Abundance, Alexandra B. Klass, Matthew Appel

Articles

For the first time in decades, electricity demand in the United States is increasing due to the growth of data centers to power artificial intelligence, new manufacturing hubs, and transportation electrification. At the same time, coalfired power plants have been closing in response to competition from lower cost natural gas and renewable energy. Clean energy is being rapidly deployed to replace fossil fuels but not quickly enough to address concerns about demand growth and grid reliability. Accordingly, there is a growing imbalance between electricity supply and demand in many regions of the country that threatens to increase electricity prices and …

Reckoning With Social Policy In Utility Regulation, Alexandra B. Klass, Gabriel Chan

Articles

State public utility regulation in the energy sector is undergoing a rapid transformation driven by public and private investment in clean energy deployment, the corresponding threat to incumbent fossil fuel interests, and growing demands for energy justice. This transformation will impact many aspects of societal well-being—from energy insecurity in disadvantaged communities to dramatic shifts in energy-sector employment—so it is unsurprising that public utility commissions would engage with social policy concerns. However, for decades, state courts and utility stakeholders have admonished commissions that they are economic regulators and that their jurisdiction does not include social policy. This Article shows that state …

The State Capacity Crisis, David Schleicher, Nicholas Bagley

Articles

Crumbling infrastructure, inadequate housing supply, failing schools, public disorder—few government services seem to work as they should. For a decade, a nascent scholarly movement has been warning that America faces a crisis of state capacity. Although the major figures in this “state capacity movement” have identified the right problem, they concentrate almost exclusively on the federal government. That yields a misdiagnosis of why the American government lacks capacity and leads to solutions that are unlikely to accomplish much. In the United States, it is state and local governments that do most of what “the state” does, and they suffer from …

Voter Harassment And The Limits Of State And Federal Power, Ellen D. Katz

Articles

Acts of voter harassment are often difficult to prevent. One longstanding, albeit underused, tool for addressing such harassment is found in section 11(b) of the Voting Rights Act (VRA). Continued use of the provision, however, is threatened by recent decisions restricting private enforcement of the VRA. This Essay examines one challenge to such enforcement, exploring the linkage between section 11(b)’s prohibition on voter intimidation and the enforcement of constitutional voting guarantees, on which private enforcement of the provision presently depends. It invites consideration of the idea that this linkage is sufficient and private enforcement is appropriate because section 11(b) provides …

Federalism, State Action, And Workers’ Medical Privacy, Ani B. Satz

Faculty Articles

Injured workers entering state workers’ compensation systems effectively forego their medical privacy. This is due to widespread judicial misinterpretation of the HIPAA Privacy Rule (HPR) as excluding injured workers from federal medical privacy protections. As a result, medical privacy for workers’ compensation claims is effectively governed by state law. This Article argues that states have failed to protect the medical privacy of injured workers adequately and that there is a pressing need for legislative reform. The Article presents the first comprehensive survey in the legal literature of state action protecting the medical privacy of injured workers. Part I describes the …

Constitutionalizing Climate Rights, Mark P. Nevitt

Faculty Articles

This Essay proceeds in three Parts. In Part I, I describe and analyze which states have climate and environmental amendments within their state constitutions. Here, I focus on three states (Hawaii, Montana, and Pennsylvania) that have comparably strong Green Amendments and have experienced litigation in recent years enforcing these constitutional provisions. I describe and analyze three cases: Navahine F. v. Hawaii Department of Transportation (Hawaii), Held v. Montana (Montana), and Robinson Township (Pennsylvania). I argue that these three decisions—all of which enjoyed varying degrees of success—will spur greater efforts to constitutionalize state environmental rights. Indeed, there are grassroot efforts within …

Healing Communities With Police Divestment: Seeking Abolition Through Transformative Reform And Community-Government Collaboration, Jessica E. Gillson

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Concerns about the efficacy and sustainability of the U.S. carceral system have persisted throughout the country’s history, recently fueling renewed activism and bipartisan calls for reform. However, proposed solutions remain divisive. This thesis first defines the current status of our prison systems, then explores collaborative alternatives to incarceration and policing that support communities and break cycles of incarceration.

Focusing on partnerships among local governments, community organizations, justice-involved individuals, and law enforcement, this study examines holistic approaches to crime prevention, reentry, and reintegration. Using an interdisciplinary framework incorporating restorative justice, community resilience, and systems theory, it investigates how community-based strategies can …

Middlemen At A Price: The Role Of State-Level Laws In Restricting Pharmacy Benefit Managers, Patrick W. Schrader

Lewis & Clark Law Review

Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) have evolved from simple third-party payors into powerful intermediaries controlling prescription drug access for over 289 million Americans. Operating with minimal federal oversight, just six PBMs dominate 96% of the market, employing practices that systematically increase drug costs while claiming to reduce them. This Comment examines four primary mechanisms through which PBMs exploit the pharmaceutical supply chain: rebate manipulation, spread pricing, step therapy requirements, and formulary control. Federal regulatory efforts remain nascent and ineffective. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services requires only basic reporting without substantive restrictions. Proposed federal legislation has repeatedly stalled, leaving states …

A Forgotten Piece Of History: The Story Of The First Municipal Council Of Colombo, Sri Lanka, Chandra Richard De Silva

History Faculty Publications

The website of the Municipal Council of Colombo asserts that it was founded in 1865 (Colombo Municipal Council, 2015). This is also the story that is recounted in scholarly histories of Colombo, in modern websites and in popular accounts of the history of the city. The objective of this article is to demonstrate that Colombo had a municipal council as early as the sixteenth century and to illuminate the story of its existence for over 70 years - until well into the seventeenth century. It also explores the functions of the council, its relationship with Portuguese officials who ruled the …

Company Districts, C.J. Suglia

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

Special districts that are owned or controlled by private entities and act almost uniformly like a company town can be dubbed a “company district.” These special districts, similar to historical company towns, have autonomy over the districts, control the local government, and only have to answer to the state government. Historical company towns like Pullman, Illinois and Hershey, Pennsylvania had almost canonical command over the land within their boundaries. Company districts operate their business similar to a company town—in a city that the private entity controls, but do not have employees living on-site. Company districts benefit by being immune to …

Alternatives To Delaware? Evaluating Corporate Law In Nevada, Texas, And Wyoming, Joseph Landau, Bailey Swartz, Anthony Rickey, Robert Ragazzo, Benjamin Edwards, George A. Mocsary

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

No abstract provided.

Bankruptcy & Commercial Law, Sally Mcdonald Henry

SMU Annual Texas Survey

This Article analyzes and discusses cases—arising from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, the Bankruptcy Courts in Texas, the Texas Supreme Court, and the Texas Courts of Appeals—that resolved some fascinating and important issues in the areas of bankruptcy and commercial law during this Survey period.

Survey Of Recent Mandamus Decisions Of The Texas Supreme Court, Douglas S. Lang

SMU Annual Texas Survey

No abstract provided.

Real Property, J. Richard White, Amanda R. Grainger

SMU Annual Texas Survey

No abstract provided.

Power Struggle: The Disproportionate Burden State Surrogacy Requirements Impose Upon Women, Courtney Harper Turkington

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

The use of gestational surrogacy as a means to grow a family is increasing each year as fertility rates decline and single individuals and same-sex couples seek to have children who are genetically related to them. The United States does not have a uniform law governing surrogacy, leaving states to enact their own. While twenty-four states in this country have passed legislation permitting surrogacy and twenty-four others allow surrogacy in practice, the vast majority of states impose laws or practices that unduly burden women. In particular, Louisiana has the most restrictive surrogacy regime in the country. The state’s gestational carrier …

"'Let's Not Go To Camelot, 'Tis Illegal'": History And Tradition In Discriminatory Charter School Policy Justifications: The Chivalry Edition, J.M. Long

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

This Article will begin in Part I with an overview of charter schools in the United States and a brief history of charter school growth in the United States. Part II then turns to focus upon charter schools and their growth in the state of North Carolina, emphasizing their legal uniqueness in relation to the North Carolina Constitution.

Second, CDS’s [Charter Day School, Inc.] dress code included a restriction for girls only— girls were required to wear either a dress or skorts (a combination of shorts covered with a skirt). Girls were not permitted to wear pants or shorts. The …

The Reedy Creek Improvement District: A Comparative Analysis Underscoring The Problems In Hampering Special Districts, J. Patrick Moll

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

In 2022, the Florida legislature passed a bill that removed the administration of the Reedy Creek Improvement District, the special district governing the Walt Disney World Resort. The bill replaced it with the Central Florida Tourism Oversight District. Governor Ron DeSantis hailed this legislation as a success in reigning in a corporation operating with unchecked and unprecedented levels of governmental authority. Since its inception, however, the replacement administration has contended with claims of ethical violations, inefficiency, and unconstitutional enactment. Before the repeal of the Walt Disney World special district, special districts themselves were not often present in the Nation’s everyday …

Booze, Bars, And Bias: Anti-Blackness In Liquor Licensing Enforcement, Angela E. Addae

Washington and Lee Law Review

This Article explores the disharmonious and disturbing influence of race in the enforcement of liquor licenses. Across the length and breadth of this nation, attentive Black revelers bear witness to an all-too-familiar trend signified by the disproportionately frequent closures of Black entertainment businesses. This Article argues that the punitive disposition toward Black entertainment businesses is not just a contemporary phenomenon; rather, it is a set of practices rooted in centuries of exclusion and regulatory abuse.

Over the past two centuries, state liquor licensing agencies have emerged as contentious battlegrounds where legal, social, and economic factors converge—often to the detriment of …

Recent Expansion Of Gubernatorial Emergency Powers To Address The Covid-19 Pandemic: Examining Applications For The Climate Crisis, Juliet Israel

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

With a particular focus on the states of California and Florida, this Note delves into the leadership roles assumed by governors when addressing the global COVID-19 pandemic, evaluates the applicability of this gubernatorial strategy to the climate crisis, and examines the criticisms and constitutional challenges to expanding gubernatorial emergency powers. Part I explores the core similarities and differences between the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change. Part II addresses the failure of federal and international policy responses to both the pandemic and climate change. Part III details the states’ use of gubernatorial emergency powers to respond to COVID-19. Part IV then …

State V. Brown, 314 A.3d 576 (R.I. 2024), Sarah Egan

Roger Williams University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Preserve At Boulder Hills, Llc V. Kenyon, 312 A.3d 475 (2024), Maximilian Schapfel

Roger Williams University Law Review

No abstract provided.