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Articles 721 - 750 of 947
Full-Text Articles in State and Local Government Law
Intoxicating Liquors -The New Michigan Amendment
Intoxicating Liquors -The New Michigan Amendment
Michigan Law Review
The people of the State of Michigan at the last general election ratified an amendment to section 11, Article 16 of the state constitution, the so-called prohibition section, to authorize the legislature to establish a liquor control commission and to impose an excise tax on liquor sales. In accordance with constitutional provisions this amendment went into effect on December eighth last. As the new amendment is drafted it leaves unsettled at least three important matters: (1) The present law in Michigan on the subject of intoxicating liquors; (2) The powers vested by it in the legislature and the liquor control …
Torts -Trespassers - Statutory Non-Liability Of Railroads
Torts -Trespassers - Statutory Non-Liability Of Railroads
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, five years of age, was leaning over the edge of defendant's bridge, looking into a canal, when a train was backed into standing cars without warning, and plaintiff was injured. Children were accustomed to play on the bridge, despite the presence of "Danger - No Trespassing" signs. Plaintiff recovered judgment in the trial court, and the judgment was affirmed by the circuit court of appeals, but the Supreme Court of the United States held that the New Jersey statute section 55 of the Railroad Act, "negatived the attractive nuisance and implied invitation doctrines," and reiterated the so-called "Massachusetts Rule" …
Congressional Redistricting And The Constitution, Harold M. Bowman
Congressional Redistricting And The Constitution, Harold M. Bowman
Michigan Law Review
Is congressional redistricting by state legislatures an exercise of the lawmaking function, subject to the governor's veto power? Is fairness in such redistricting secured today either by federal statute or by the federal Constitution? Of these two questions, posed by recent events, the first has been completely answered; the second has been answered in part only -- breeding in its answer new and troublesome problems.
Assignment Of Money Claims (Particularly Wage Claims) - Restraint On Alienation
Assignment Of Money Claims (Particularly Wage Claims) - Restraint On Alienation
Michigan Law Review
If a contract has been performed on one side so that all that remains is an obligation to pay and a right to receive money, can the parties by agreement effectively prevent the assignment of the claim? The Illinois Supreme Court had this question before it for consideration in the case of State Street Furniture Co. v. Armour & Co., where the plaintiff was the assignee of wages due to an employee of the defendant, the employee having agreed not to assign his wages without the written consent of his employer. The court decided that the restrictive agreement had …
Municipal Corporations-Power Of Board Of Appeals To Vary Application Of Zoning Ordinance
Municipal Corporations-Power Of Board Of Appeals To Vary Application Of Zoning Ordinance
Michigan Law Review
Although there was some dispute among the earlier authorities, it is the rule today that comprehensive zoning ordinances, if enacted under proper legislative authority, are constitutional and will be upheld in so far as they are reasonable in application. In order to give aggrieved property owners an opportunity to obtain relief upon the basis of the ordinance itself without attacking its constitutionality, it has become common practice to give the board of appeals the power to vary the operation of the ordinance in specific cases.
Constitutional Law-Public Purpose-Feed Loans To Destitute Farmers
Constitutional Law-Public Purpose-Feed Loans To Destitute Farmers
Michigan Law Review
Pursuant to a constitutional provision enabling such action, the Governor asked the supreme court of South Dakota the following question: "Could the legislature enact legislation which would permit the several counties as a county enterprise to raise funds either by supplemental budget or bond or warrant issues with which they might in turn furnish feed loans or even distribute feed as a part of a county poor relief system . . . ?" In answer to this question the court held, in In re Opinion of the Judges, that the furnishing of feed or feed loans to individuals …
Carriers-Power Of The Interstate Commerce Commission To Award Reparation On Rates Formerly Fixed As Reasonable
Michigan Law Review
In 1921 the Interstate Commerce Commission fixed a rate of 96.5 cents per cwt. as the maximum reasonable rate for the future on sugar between Phoenix, Arizona, and all points in California. In a subsequent attack on rates in 1925, the Commission found reasonable a still lower rate of 73 and 71 cents per cwt. from Northern and from Southern California, respectively, and awarded reparation for the amount by which the rates actually charged exceeded the new rates over a period from 1923 to 1925. From this order the carrier appealed on the ground that the Commission was precluded from …
Banks And Banking - Liability Of Stockholders For Debts In Insolvencies Occurring After Transfer Of Stock, Warren W. Kennerly
Banks And Banking - Liability Of Stockholders For Debts In Insolvencies Occurring After Transfer Of Stock, Warren W. Kennerly
Michigan Law Review
The effect of the holding of the Sanders case is of special interest at the present time because of the large number of recent bank failures. This decision may possibly result in former stockholders of Illinois state banks and the heirs of former stockholders being subjected to an assessment on stock that was disposed of several decades ago. The holding is applicable only to state banks, since national banks are not subject to state regulation. It would not be surprising if this Illinois holding should be followed in Nebraska, since the latter state has already based some of its rulings …
Constitutional Law-Criminal Procedure-Comment By Judge On Evidence
Constitutional Law-Criminal Procedure-Comment By Judge On Evidence
Michigan Law Review
In the recent case of People v. Kelly, the Illinois supreme court decided (two justices dissenting) that the common law right of a judge, in charging the jury, to comment on the evidence and advise as to the facts was not an essential attribute of trial by jury as it, existed at common law, and held that a statute limiting the charge strictly to matters of law was not an infringement of the right of trial by jury guaranteed by successive Illinois constitutions. The court also decided, in upholding the legislative enactment, that this restriction of the functions of …
Banks And Banking - Preferred Claims Of Savings Depositors - Set-Offs
Banks And Banking - Preferred Claims Of Savings Depositors - Set-Offs
Michigan Law Review
Members of the Michigan bar who have had to deal with perplexing receivership problems, growing out of the many recent bank failures, should welcome the case of Reichert v. Farmers & Workingmens Savings Bank, 257 Mich. 500, decided April 4, 1932. It involves twelve important questions in banking law, certified from the Jackson circuit court. The answers of the supreme court to these questions should serve to settle the law for the benefit of receivers and their counsel for years to come.
Evidence -The Possibility Of Incrimination In A State Jurisdiction Does Not Warrant The Assertion Of The Constitutional Privilege In Federal Proceedings
Michigan Law Review
On indictment for the refusal to give information requested by the authorized revenue agent, the appellee interposed a special plea averring that it would compel him to become a witness against himself in violation of the Fifth Amendment of the federal Constitution which reads, "nor shall any person be compelled to be a witness against himself." Held, the danger of incrimination in a state court was not grounds for asserting the constitutional privilege. United States v. Murdock, 284 U. S. 141, 52 Sup. Ct. 63, 76 L. ed. 83 (1931).
State Administrative Supervision Of Municipal Indebtedness, E. Blythe Stason
State Administrative Supervision Of Municipal Indebtedness, E. Blythe Stason
Michigan Law Review
One of the lessons being drawn from the present economic depression, and especially from the financial straits of municipalities, is the very real need of more adequate restriction upon the power of cities, towns, villages, counties, school districts and other local governments to burden themselves and their taxpayers with excessive public debt.
Equity- Constitutional Law - Power Of Legislature To Change Equitable Doctrines
Equity- Constitutional Law - Power Of Legislature To Change Equitable Doctrines
Michigan Law Review
A Nebraska statute provided that in case of insolvency of a state bank the general depositors, subject to prior liens for taxes, have a first lien on all assets of the bank. A bank converted a note deposited for a special purpose, and indistinguishably mingled the proceeds with the general assets of the bank before insolvency. The deposit was held to have created a trust and the cestui was allowed to recover the amount of the note (trust fund) as a preferred claim upon the general assets of the bank. To the argument that this statute prohibited the imposition of …
Municipal Corporations - Validity Of Setback Ordinances In Improved Districts
Municipal Corporations - Validity Of Setback Ordinances In Improved Districts
Michigan Law Review
Mulleady sought but was refused permission to inclose with glass a porch on a lot located in the city of Trenton. The municipality was authorized to make building regulations for the purpose of lessening congestion in streets, securing safety from fire, panic, or other danger, promoting health, morals, or general welfare, providing adequate light and air, or avoiding concentration of population. Section 12 of the municipal ordinance provided that no building should be erected, reconstructed, or altered so as to project in any wise beyond the average setback lines observed by the buildings on the same side of the street …
Presumptions - Constitutional Validity Of Statute Establishing Proof Of Reputation As Prima Facie Evidence Of Commission Of Crime
Michigan Law Review
The rise and sway of the gangster as a menace to American social and economic security has led, of late, to the employment of unique means of combating lawlessness. Faced by a tremendous increase in the difficulties lying in the path of those seeking the conviction of professional criminals for major crimes, the police and prosecutors often turn towards a means of fighting crime originally devised to make life uncomfortable for petty off enders. The enforcement of the pistol laws and the vagrancy statutes against millionaire gangsters, and repeated arrests on suspicion, have been resorted to as a means of …
Legislation - Old Age Pensions
Legislation - Old Age Pensions
Michigan Law Review
Out of our changing social theories has grown modern social legislation. The tendency is nowhere better illustrated than in the development of legislation for the care of aged persons. During the last decade great strides have been made in enacting such legislation, and the present year has seen increased activity, leading to the passage of old age pension laws in five states and to numerous other legislative accomplishments.
Damages - Death Of Minor Child Caused By Negligent Act
Damages - Death Of Minor Child Caused By Negligent Act
Michigan Law Review
The defendant's negligence, resulting in the death of a child four years and nine months old, caused the jury to assess damages at $4,500 in an action brought for the benefit of the parents pursuant to the terms of the Death Act, (2 N. J. Comp. Stat. 1907, 1908 (1910)) which provides that "in every such action the jury may give such damages as they shall deem fair and just with reference to the pecuniary injury resulting from such death . . . . " On appeal, the supreme court held the damages excessive, and reduced the amount of recovery …
Constitutional Law - Freedom Of The Press - Restraints On Publication, Maurice S. Culp
Constitutional Law - Freedom Of The Press - Restraints On Publication, Maurice S. Culp
Michigan Law Review
A recent Supreme Court decision establishes a new concept of freedom of the press, and adds new meaning to the liberty safeguarded by the Fourteenth Amendment. The defendant, Near, was enjoined from publishing his newspaper because it was alleged that the paper was largely devoted to the publication of malicious, scandalous, and defamatory articles about the grand jury, public officials, and others. The injunction was granted pursuant to a statute which made the publication of a malicious, scandalous, or defamatory newspaper, magazine, or periodical a nuisance subject to abatement by injunction. The Supreme Court of the United States decided that …
Divorce - Domicil - Recognition Of Foreign Decrees, Florence K. Frankel
Divorce - Domicil - Recognition Of Foreign Decrees, Florence K. Frankel
Michigan Law Review
The New York Court of Appeals has re-emphasized some well-established principles of divorce jurisdiction in the recent case of Fischer v. Fischer. In a suit involving the validity of a second marriage, W proved a Nevada divorce from her first husband, a citizen of New York, who had been served in New York but had not appeared to defend the litigation. The court denied recognition to the Nevada decree because W's residence in Nevada, while it conformed with the statutory requirements of that forum, was proved to have been acquired solely for the purpose of securing a divorce. The …
Anti-Chain Store Legislation, Hugh A. Fulton
Anti-Chain Store Legislation, Hugh A. Fulton
Michigan Law Review
During the past few years chain store merchandising has made such serious inroads upon the trade of independent wholesale and retail merchants that they have been forced to use every expedient within their reach in order to survive. They have banded together in order to achieve the economies which have made chain store merchandising so successful and have been rewarded with a large measure of success and even with the hope of competing on an equal basis with the average chain system. But they have not been satisfied with merely seeking to operate on a smaller margin of profit. They …
Conflict Of Laws - Mistake Of Foreign Law As Mistake Of Fact
Conflict Of Laws - Mistake Of Foreign Law As Mistake Of Fact
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff sued in Ohio to set aside a deed of Ohio land given by the plaintiff, a resident of that state, in exchange for Texas lands deeded by the defendant who was also a resident of Ohio, for mistake as to defendant's title to the Texas land resulting from a Texas statute of which both parties were ignorant at the time of the transaction. Held, a mistake of foreign law is a mistake of fact authorizing equitable relief. Miller v. Bieghler, 123 Ohio St. 227, 174 N.E. 774 (1931).
State Juvenile Court Procedure For Federal Juvenile Offenders, Howard E. Wahrenbrock
State Juvenile Court Procedure For Federal Juvenile Offenders, Howard E. Wahrenbrock
Michigan Law Review
The Report on the Child Offender in the Federal System of Justice recommends the enactment of federal legislation which will provide means of utilizing the machinery of existing state juvenile courts where federal laws have been violated by children. The details of such legislation are not suggested in the Report. The legal questions to be encountered in the framing of such legislation call for careful consideration if full advantage is to be taken of the knowledge which the study made for the Commission furnishes. Some of the questions of more general interest will be taken as the subject of this …
Sales--Distinction Between Conditional Sale And Chattel Mortgage-Michigan Rule
Sales--Distinction Between Conditional Sale And Chattel Mortgage-Michigan Rule
Michigan Law Review
The petitioner sold a truck under an unrecorded contract which provided that title was to remain in him until the buyer made full payment, and that in event of default the whole sum was to become due immediately with the right of reclamation. The buyer subsequently went into bankruptcy and the seller petitioned for reclamation of the truck from the trustee. Held, that since the contract under the Michigan rule constituted a chattel mortgage so that failure to record it made it ineffective against creditors, the petition should be denied. In re Central States Freight Corporation (E. D. Mich. …
Courts-Power To Direct Verdicts Where Forbidden By State Constitution
Courts-Power To Direct Verdicts Where Forbidden By State Constitution
Michigan Law Review
ln a suit for personal injuries the district court of the United States for the district of Arizona directed a verdict for the defendant on the ground that the plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence. The constitution of Arizona, sec. 5, art. 18 provides: "The defense of contributory negligence or of assumption of risk shall, in all cases whatsoever, be a question of fact and shall, at all times, be left to the jury." Held, that this section is not binding on a federal court sitting in Arizona, and does not prevent such court from directing a verdict when …
Equity-Power To Reform-Effect Of Statute Of Frauds
Equity-Power To Reform-Effect Of Statute Of Frauds
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff made an oral contract to sell certain shares of stock to the defendant at a price of $1,160 a share, as a result of a telephone conversation. On the same day the plaintiff sent the defendant a written confirmation of the sale, in which the price of $1,060 a share was inserted by mistake. The New York Statute of Frauds makes such a contract unenforceable unless a note or memorandum thereof be in writing. Held, that although the parties intended to make a memorandum of the oral contract which they had made, the memorandum was of a …
Landlord And Tenant-Covenants-Effect Of A Municipal Ordinance
Landlord And Tenant-Covenants-Effect Of A Municipal Ordinance
Michigan Law Review
L. let a building to T. with the provision in the lease that if the premises should be rendered unfit for occupancy by reason of fire or other casualty, L. would rebuild the same at his own expense. Subsequently the city council passed a building code prohibiting the rebuilding of a structure destroyed more than sixty per cent by fire. The building in this case was almost entirely destroyed by fire and L. was refused a permit to rebuild. Previous to the refusal of the commissioner to grant a permit, T. had preferred L. the monthly rent which L. had …
Constitutional Law-Municipal Corporations-Police Power
Constitutional Law-Municipal Corporations-Police Power
Michigan Law Review
The defendants circulated, on the streets of Milwaukee, hand bills which set forth the political and economic views of their group. An ordinance made it unlawful for any person "to circulate or distribute any circular, hand bills, cards, posters, dodgers, or other printed or advertising matter, * * * in or upon any sidewalk, street, * * * or other public place, park or ground within the City of Milwaukee." The defendants were arrested and convicted of violating this ordinance. There was no charge that the ordinance was enforced in any unreasonable or discriminatory manner, or that its purpose was …
Conflict Of Laws-Effects Usury
Conflict Of Laws-Effects Usury
Michigan Law Review
A Pennsylvania corporation entered into a contract in Maryland with the defendant credit company, a Delaware corporation, under which the defendant was to advance money upon the assignment to it of accounts, and furnish other services for which it was to receive certain definite fees and commissions. The parties stipulated in the contract that it should be governed as to its validity and interpretation by the laws of Delaware. The receivers of the Pennsylvania corporation brought this action to recover payments made to the defendant under the contract, claiming it to be usurious according to the law of Pennsylvania. Held …
Negligence-Spread Of Fire-"New York Rule."
Negligence-Spread Of Fire-"New York Rule."
Michigan Law Review
The properties of plaintiff and defendant were separated by a city street. While filling a gasoline tank on his premises defendant allowed the tank to overflow, the escaping gasoline ignited, the fire spread to a warehouse on defendant's property and thence, across the street, to plaintiff's buildings. Held, that the negligence of the defendant was the proximate cause of the injury to the plaintiff, within the so-called "New York Rule" of limited liability in such cases, inasmuch as the titles of the two parties ran to the center of the street. Homac Corporation v. Sun Oil Co., 244 …