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Articles 31 - 60 of 134
Full-Text Articles in State and Local Government Law
Scratching The Surface: Does New York's Public Trust Law Prevent Subsurface Access To Natural Gas Below Parkland In The Marcellus Shale?, Susan J. Kraham, Lisa K. Perfetto
Scratching The Surface: Does New York's Public Trust Law Prevent Subsurface Access To Natural Gas Below Parkland In The Marcellus Shale?, Susan J. Kraham, Lisa K. Perfetto
Buffalo Environmental Law Journal
The origins of the public trust doctrine ma} be traced back to Roman laiw. The Institutes qf Justinian state: "By the lav of nature these things are common to all mankind - the air running water the sea, and consequently the shores of the sea. " The traditional scope of the public trust doctrine in the United States affirms the public right to use waters for navigation, fishing, and commerce. The precise expression of the doctrine varies from state to state because each state is responsible for applying the public trust doctrine within its borders. New York applies the doctrine …
Police Discretion And Local Immigration Policymaking, Rick Su
Police Discretion And Local Immigration Policymaking, Rick Su
Journal Articles
Immigration responsibilities in the United States are formally charged to a broad range of federal agencies, from the overseas screening of the State Department to the border patrols of the Department of Homeland Security. Yet in recent years, no department seems to have received more attention than that of the local police. For some, local police departments are frustrating our nation’s immigration laws by failing to fully participate in federal enforcement efforts. For others, it is precisely their participation that is a cause for concern. In response to these competing interests, a proliferation of competing state and federal laws have …
Immigration As Urban Policy, Rick Su
Immigration As Urban Policy, Rick Su
Journal Articles
Immigration has done more to shape the physical and social landscape of many of America’s largest cities than almost any other economic or cultural force. Indeed, immigration is so central to urban development in the United States that it is a wonder why immigration is not explicitly discussed as an aspect of urban policy. Yet in the national conversation over immigration, one would strain to hear it described in this manner. This essay addresses this oversight by making the case for a reorientation of immigration toward urban policy; and it does so by advocating for an immigration regime that both …
The Plenary Power Of States To Protect Citizens From Environmental Hazards: Who's Failing? New York State: A Case In Point, Tonya R. Lewis
The Plenary Power Of States To Protect Citizens From Environmental Hazards: Who's Failing? New York State: A Case In Point, Tonya R. Lewis
Buffalo Environmental Law Journal
No abstract provided.
The Overlooked Significance Of Arizona's New Immigration Law, Rick Su
The Overlooked Significance Of Arizona's New Immigration Law, Rick Su
Journal Articles
The current debate over Arizona's new immigration statute, S.B. 1070, has largely focused on the extent to which it “empowers” or “allows” state and local law enforcement officials to enforce federal immigration laws. Yet, in doing so, the conversation thus far overlooks the most significant part of the new statute: the extent to which Arizona mandates local immigration enforcement by attacking local control. The fact is the new Arizona law does little to adjust the federalist balance with respect to immigration enforcement. What it does, however, is threaten to radically alter the state-local relationship by eliminating local discretion, undermining the …
Local Fragmentation As Immigration Regulation, Rick Su
Local Fragmentation As Immigration Regulation, Rick Su
Journal Articles
Immigration scholars have traditionally focused on the role of national borders and the significance of nation-state citizenship. At the same time, local government scholars have called attention to the significance of local boundaries, the consequence of municipal residency, and the influence of the two on the fragmentation of American society. This paper explores the interplay between these two mechanisms of spatial and community controls. Emphasizing their doctrinal and historic commonalities, this article suggests that the legal structure responsible for local fragmentation can be understood as second-order immigration regulation. It is a mechanism that allows for finer regulatory control than the …
New York’S Inbred Judiciary: Pathologies Of Nomination And Appointment Of Court Of Appeals Judges, James A. Gardner
New York’S Inbred Judiciary: Pathologies Of Nomination And Appointment Of Court Of Appeals Judges, James A. Gardner
Journal Articles
The practice of selecting judges by popular election, commonplace among the American states, has recently come in for a good deal of criticism, much of it well-founded. But if popular election of judges is a bad method of judicial selection, what ought to replace it? Opponents of judicial election typically treat gubernatorial appointment as self-evidently better. New York’s experience with gubernatorial appointment to its highest court, the Court of Appeals, suggests that greater caution is in order. Although New York’s current method of selecting Court of Appeals judges was designed to be wide open and based entirely on merit, the …
Sizing Up Local Legislatures, James A. Gardner, Kathryn A. Foster
Sizing Up Local Legislatures, James A. Gardner, Kathryn A. Foster
Other Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Raising A Stink: Why Michigan Cafo Regulations Fail To Protect The State's Air And Great Lakes And Are In Need Of Revision, Karly Zande
Buffalo Environmental Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Notes On The Multiple Facets Of Immigration Federalism, Rick Su
Notes On The Multiple Facets Of Immigration Federalism, Rick Su
Journal Articles
This symposium essay takes as its starting point the contestable position that some degree of immigration federalism is both constitutionally permissible and politically desirable. It suggests, however, that liberating the issue of immigration from the shadows of federal exclusivity does not necessarily tell us much about what a conceptual framework or legal jurisprudence of immigration federalism should or will actually be like. This is not solely a function of the difficulties inherent in incorporating principles of federalism into what is usually understood to be an exclusive federal field of immigration. Rather, it is also a consequence of the rifts and …
A Localist Reading Of Local Immigration Regulations, Rick Su
A Localist Reading Of Local Immigration Regulations, Rick Su
Journal Articles
The conventional account of immigration-related activity at the local level often assumes that the "local" is simply a new battleground in the national immigration debates. This article questions that presumption. Foregrounding the legal rules that define local governments and channels local action, this article argues that the local immigration "crisis" is much less a consequence of federal immigration policy than normally assumed. Rather, it can also be understood as a familiar byproduct of localism: the legal and cultural assumptions that shape how we structure and organize local communities, provide and allocate local services, and define the legal relationship of local, …
Driving Too Fast: Spitzer's Failed Experiment At Immigration Reformation, Katherine Liebner
Driving Too Fast: Spitzer's Failed Experiment At Immigration Reformation, Katherine Liebner
Buffalo Public Interest Law Journal
No abstract provided.
New York's Judicial Selection Process Is Fine – It's The Party System That Needs Fixing, James A. Gardner
New York's Judicial Selection Process Is Fine – It's The Party System That Needs Fixing, James A. Gardner
Other Scholarship
New York's system of electing lower court judges has long been notorious for providing the appearance of democracy without any of the substance. Although the people are given an opportunity to vote for judges, the really meaningful choices about who will run, where, and whether judicial elections will even be contested have for years been made by party insiders. Last year, in a case soon to be heard by the U.S. Supreme Court, the Second Circuit invalidated New York's method of electing judges on the ground that it violates the associational rights of party rank and file. In this brief …
Foreword: Representation Without Party: Lessons From State Constitutional Attempts To Control Gerrymandering, James A. Gardner
Foreword: Representation Without Party: Lessons From State Constitutional Attempts To Control Gerrymandering, James A. Gardner
Journal Articles
Since the founding, all gerrymandering of election districts, at both the state and congressional levels, has been accomplished by state actors operating almost exclusively under state law. State constitutions have often served as a first line of defense against publicly disfavored practices, and the treatment of gerrymandering is no exception. The state constitutional record reveals a gradual introduction, diffusion, and evolution of a wide variety of provisions intended to control gerrymandering, including requirements of contiguity, compactness, respect for local political boundaries, and preservation of communities of interest, among others. Indeed, such provisions have been validated by the U.S. Supreme Court …
Looking To Local Law: Can Local Ordinances Help Protect Isolated Wetlands?, Kim Diana Connolly
Looking To Local Law: Can Local Ordinances Help Protect Isolated Wetlands?, Kim Diana Connolly
Other Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Foreword: The New Frontier Of State Constitutional Law, James A. Gardner, Jim Rossi
Foreword: The New Frontier Of State Constitutional Law, James A. Gardner, Jim Rossi
Journal Articles
In the past decade, a new frontier of constitutional discourse has begun to emerge, adding a fresh perspective to state constitutional law. Instead of treating states as jurisdictional islands in a sea under reign of the federal government, this new approach sees states as co-equals among themselves and between them and the federal government in a collective enterprise of democratic self-governance. This Symposium, organized around the theme of Dual Enforcement of Constitutional Norms, provides the occasion for leading scholars on state constitutional law to take a fresh look at their subject by adopting a vantage point outside of the individualized …
The Ecology Of Breastfeeding, Kim Diana Connolly
The Ecology Of Breastfeeding, Kim Diana Connolly
Journal Articles
This essay reflects on the ecological advantages of breastfeeding, and argues that that laws promoting and supporting breastfeeding should be included among laws labeled as “environmental.”
Structuring The Political Process Under American State Constitutions, James A. Gardner
Structuring The Political Process Under American State Constitutions, James A. Gardner
Other Scholarship
No abstract provided.
State Constitutional Rights As Resistance To National Power: Toward A Functional Theory Of State Constitutions, James A. Gardner
State Constitutional Rights As Resistance To National Power: Toward A Functional Theory Of State Constitutions, James A. Gardner
Journal Articles
In the American legal order, constitutional rights are conventionally understood to apply to and restrain the level of government created by the constitution in which those rights appear. Thus, individual rights in a lower-order constitution are understood to apply solely to the lower level government and to have no relevance to the actions of any higher level of government. This article challenges the conventional understanding by arguing that individual rights appearing in state constitutions can in many circumstances play a meaningful role in restraining the exercise of national power. Specifically, the identification and enforcement of state constitutional rights can serve …
Small Town Trash: A Model Comprehensive Solid Waste Ordinance For Rural Areas Of The United States, Kim Diana Connolly
Small Town Trash: A Model Comprehensive Solid Waste Ordinance For Rural Areas Of The United States, Kim Diana Connolly
Journal Articles
No abstract provided.
State Courts As Agents Of Federalism: Power And Interpretation In State Constitutional Law, James A. Gardner
State Courts As Agents Of Federalism: Power And Interpretation In State Constitutional Law, James A. Gardner
Journal Articles
In the American constitutional tradition, federalism is commonly understood as a mechanism designed to institutionalize a kind of permanent struggle between state and national power. The same American constitutional tradition also holds that courts are basically passive institutions whose mission is to apply the law impartially while avoiding inherently political power struggles. These two commonplace understandings conflict on their face. The conflict may be dissolved for federal courts by conceiving their resistance to state authority as the impartial consequence of limitations on state power imposed by the U.S. Constitution. But this reconciliation is unavailable for state courts, which, by operation …
Has The Field Grown Too Complex For A State-Specific "Handbook" On Environmental Law? (Reviewing The Government Institute's South Carolina Environmental Law Handbook (3rd Ed. 2000)), Kim Diana Connolly
Book Reviews
No abstract provided.
The Regulatory Role Of State Constitutional Structural Constraints In Presidential Elections, James A. Gardner
The Regulatory Role Of State Constitutional Structural Constraints In Presidential Elections, James A. Gardner
Journal Articles
No abstract provided.
Statutory Privileges And Immunites For Voluntarily Performed Environmental Audits: Should New York State Join The Race?, Joan M. Fildes
Statutory Privileges And Immunites For Voluntarily Performed Environmental Audits: Should New York State Join The Race?, Joan M. Fildes
Buffalo Environmental Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Southern Character, Confederate Nationalism, And The Interpretation Of State Constitutions: A Case Study In Constitutional Argument, James A. Gardner
Southern Character, Confederate Nationalism, And The Interpretation Of State Constitutions: A Case Study In Constitutional Argument, James A. Gardner
Journal Articles
No abstract provided.
Implementing Waters V. Churchill In Light Of The Loudermill Pretermination Hearing, Laura L. Scarry
Implementing Waters V. Churchill In Light Of The Loudermill Pretermination Hearing, Laura L. Scarry
In the Public Interest
No abstract provided.
The More Things Change…: Superficial State Constitutional Analysis At The New York Court Of Appeals, James A. Gardner
The More Things Change…: Superficial State Constitutional Analysis At The New York Court Of Appeals, James A. Gardner
Journal Articles
No abstract provided.
The "States-As-Laboratories" Metaphor In State Constitutional Law, James A. Gardner
The "States-As-Laboratories" Metaphor In State Constitutional Law, James A. Gardner
Journal Articles
No abstract provided.
In The Matter Of Jane Doe V. Margarita Rosa As Commissioner Of The Division Of Human Rights Of The State Of New York, And State University At Buffalo, Supreme Court Of The State Of New York Index No. 22487/92, Marianne Mariano
Circles: Buffalo Women's Journal of Law and Social Policy
No abstract provided.
What Is A State Constitution?, James A. Gardner
What Is A State Constitution?, James A. Gardner
Journal Articles
No abstract provided.