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Articles 31 - 58 of 58
Full-Text Articles in Privacy Law
Ferpa And The Immigration And Naturalization Service: A Guide For University Counsel On Federal Rules For Collecting, Maintaining And Releasing Information About Foreign Students, Laura A.W. Khatcheressian
Ferpa And The Immigration And Naturalization Service: A Guide For University Counsel On Federal Rules For Collecting, Maintaining And Releasing Information About Foreign Students, Laura A.W. Khatcheressian
Law Faculty Publications
The devastating terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, destroyed the World Trade Center in New York City, badly damaged the Pentagon, and took the lives of thousands of individuals. As more details became available about the terrorists who hijacked four U.S. planes to carry out these deadly attacks, universities around the U.S. struggled with the news that several of the hijackers had entered the U.S. on, or had later applied for, "student" visas. University officials began to grapple with new questions presented by these attacks: What responsibilities do the universities have to report foreign students who …
California's Database Breach Notification Security Act: The First State Breah Notification Law Is Is Not Yet A Suitable Template For National Identity Theft Legislation, Timothy H. Skinner
California's Database Breach Notification Security Act: The First State Breah Notification Law Is Is Not Yet A Suitable Template For National Identity Theft Legislation, Timothy H. Skinner
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
Attacks on poorly-secured information systems containing personal information are nearing epidemic proportion. Hardly a month passes without a news story regarding a security breach that exposed hundreds or thousands of data subjects’ personal information. As dependence on e-Commerce continues to expand, personal information stolen from poorly secured systems is becoming a multi-billion-dollar industry.
Health Care Law, Peter M. Mellette, Emily W. G. Towey, J. Vaden Hunt
Health Care Law, Peter M. Mellette, Emily W. G. Towey, J. Vaden Hunt
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Technology Law, J. Douglas Cuthbertson, Glen L. Gross
Technology Law, J. Douglas Cuthbertson, Glen L. Gross
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Fbi Internet Surveillance: The Need For A Natural Rights Application Of The Fourth Amendment To Insure Internet Privacy, Catherine M. Barrett
Fbi Internet Surveillance: The Need For A Natural Rights Application Of The Fourth Amendment To Insure Internet Privacy, Catherine M. Barrett
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
Last year, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”) acknowledged that it used an Internet electronic surveillance system called Carnivore to investigate and prosecute criminal suspects in more than two dozen cases. Carnivore is a software program developed by the FBI that can be installed on the network of an Internet Service Provider (“ISP”), such as America Online, to monitor, intercept and collect e-mail messages and other Internet activity made and received by individuals suspected of criminal activity. To date, the full capability of Carnivore remains a secret—the FBI refuses to disclose the source code (computer language) that would reveal how …
Accounting For The Slow Growth Of American Privacy Law, Rodney A. Smolla
Accounting For The Slow Growth Of American Privacy Law, Rodney A. Smolla
Law Faculty Publications
American privacy law is surprisingly weak. If privacy law were a stock, its performance over the last century would not be deemed impressive. It has been a consistently poor achiever, barely keeping up with inflation. I speak here of privacy law in the tort sense, and the four torts that are classically understood to comprise invasion of privacy: 1) false light; 2) publication of private facts; 3) intrusion; and 4) appropriation. Of these four torts, only appropriation (or "the right of publicity") has been a ripping success for plaintiffs, a genuine high-return stock, and a species of intellectual property, even …
United States V. Keystone Sanitation Company: E-Mail And The Attorney-Client Privilege, Karen M. Coon
United States V. Keystone Sanitation Company: E-Mail And The Attorney-Client Privilege, Karen M. Coon
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
The rapid growth and sophistication of technology have changed the way people communicate. E-mail and the Internet have begun to affect the way attorneys communicate with their clients. E-mail is fast and convenient, but it is not without risks. The risk of illegal interception and the risk of inadvertent disclosure are serious issues that attorneys need to be aware of and try to prevent so that the attorney-client privilege is protected as much as possible. Although communicating with a client by e-mail may be risky, the risks posed by e-mail are no different from those posed by communicating by postal …
Qualified Intimacy, Celebrity, And The Case For A Newsgathering Privilege, Rodney A. Smolla
Qualified Intimacy, Celebrity, And The Case For A Newsgathering Privilege, Rodney A. Smolla
University of Richmond Law Review
In this symposium issue Robert Nagel, Diane Zimmerman, Robert O'Neil, and Erwin Chemerinsky explore the intersection of privacy and freedom of the press. In his fascinating inquiry into privacy and celebrity in modern American life, Robert Nagel demonstrates the connection between the American public's strong commitment to privacy and its simultaneous passion for robust protection of freedom of speech. Among his most important insights is the exposure of "pseudo-intimacy" as a principal currency of contemporary celebrity status. Diane Zimmerman, Robert O'Neil, and Erwin Chemerinsky all investigate the legal principles that ought to surround aggressive and surreptitious newsgathering techniques, each in …
Consumer Privacy On The Internet, Andrew Shen
Consumer Privacy On The Internet, Andrew Shen
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
If we do not bear the loss of this privacy then the prices would be passed along to consumers anyway. We're between a rock and a hard place there's nowhere that we can go. But I think we can be more optimistic than that and I think we can preserve privacy and I think we can further growth of electronic commerce. So let me begin with the consumer perspective. I would like to start with a trend that Mike has already done a good job of starting us out on, and that is the current popularity of personalization and customization. …
Why Urofsky V. Gilmore Still Fails To Satisfy, Michael D. Hancock
Why Urofsky V. Gilmore Still Fails To Satisfy, Michael D. Hancock
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit appears to have adopted the rule that any speech uttered by a governmental employee, in the course of performing the work for which the employee was hired, is per se not a "matter of public concern." A majority of the court relies on its holdings in DiMeglio v. Haines and Boring v. Buncombe Co. Bd. of Educ. for that proposition. That fact was evident in questioning from the en banc panel of the Fourth Circuit during its rehearing of Urofsky v. Gilmore on October 25, 1999. At issue was the …
Consumer Privacy, James M. Mccauley
Consumer Privacy, James M. Mccauley
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
Pretty scary. This whole business of technology and privacy. I don't know about you but it makes me think about that John Grimes song where he wanted to blow up the TV, throw away the paper, and move to the country. I think that there are probably some things that we can do and that we cannot do. One of the things that comes to mind in listening to my colleagues talk about the shutdown of the dotcoms, last year Congress overhauled the 65 year prohibition against insurance companies not being permitted to get involved in financial services and banking. …
Ucita: The Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act, Michael J. Lockerby
Ucita: The Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act, Michael J. Lockerby
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
From the heated rhetoric of both proponents and opponents of UCITA, one would think that UCITA represented a radical change from current law. From the standpoint of this practitioner, however, UCITA represents more of an evolutionary than a revolutionary change in the law. In at least three critical areas, the enforceability of "paperless contracts," dispute resolution, and "self-help" remedies, UCITA is arguably consistent with current law or at least the trend of current law. Indeed, the main inconsistency between UCITA and current law is that current law is at times inconsistent. From the standpoint of most businesses, certainty is preferable …
Ride-Alongs, Paparazzi, And Other Media Threats To Privacy, Robert M. O'Neil
Ride-Alongs, Paparazzi, And Other Media Threats To Privacy, Robert M. O'Neil
University of Richmond Law Review
When the Supreme Court first addressed the status of "ride- alongs" in late May of this year, the role of the news media could have been treated in any of several ways. The law enforcement officers, who were sued for invasion of privacy because they invited reporters to accompany them while serving an arrest warrant in a private home, offered several extenuations. The presence of journalists, they argued, would provide direct information to the general public about important news events. Moreover, reporters who took part in the arrest could, in a sense, keep the police honest, or at least make …
Conceptual Foundations Of Privacy: Looking Backward Before Stepping Forward, Robert A. Reilly
Conceptual Foundations Of Privacy: Looking Backward Before Stepping Forward, Robert A. Reilly
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
In cyberspace, as in today's real world, there seems to be confusion in regard to what privacy is and what it is not. One scholar, Ruth Granson highlights recent efforts to fully comprehend privacy: "the concept of privacy is a central one in most discussions of modern Western life, yet only recently have there been serious efforts to analyze just what is meant by privacy." Over the years, the conception of the nature and extent of privacy has been severely bent out of shape. The definitions and concepts of privacy are as varied as those in the legal and academic …
Privacy And Celebrity: An Essay On The Nationalization Of Intimacy, Robert F. Nagel
Privacy And Celebrity: An Essay On The Nationalization Of Intimacy, Robert F. Nagel
University of Richmond Law Review
I start from the rather obvious proposition that in recent years the American public has placed a high value on the right of privacy. This general commitment to privacy was what kept Robert Bork, despite his qualifications, off the Supreme Court, and more recently it was what kept William Clinton, despite his behavior, in the White House. Bork's nomination was a threat to the constitutional right to use contraceptives and to choose abortion, while the impeachment charges against Clinton were a threat to the moral distinction between public political life and private sexual behavior. The power that the idea of …
Will Tabloid Journalism Ruin The First Amendment For The Rest Of Us?, Rodney A. Smolla
Will Tabloid Journalism Ruin The First Amendment For The Rest Of Us?, Rodney A. Smolla
Law Faculty Publications
Imagine that we set out to classify news organizations as falling into one of two Platonic "idealized forms," the "serious" journalists on the one hand, and the "tabloid" journalists on the other. In the pursuit of this happy exercise we might attempt to list the attributes that we tend to associate with each of these idealized forms. ...
Discovery And The Privacy Act: Exemption (B)(11) To The Conditions Of Disclosure: What Qualifies As An "Order Of The Court"?, John W. Williams
Discovery And The Privacy Act: Exemption (B)(11) To The Conditions Of Disclosure: What Qualifies As An "Order Of The Court"?, John W. Williams
University of Richmond Law Review
On December 31, 1974, President Gerald Ford signed the landmark Privacy Act of 1974 into law. One of the key concepts of the Act is the principle of disclosure limitation, which limits the ability of the federal government to disclose the contents of per- sonal records in its possession. In the words of the Senate Governmental Operations Committee, this principle "is designed to pre- vent.., the wrongful disclosure and use of personal files held by Federal agencies."
Interference With Privacy - In What Forms Might It Be Actionable In Virginia?, Robert F. Brooks, Robert M. Rolfe
Interference With Privacy - In What Forms Might It Be Actionable In Virginia?, Robert F. Brooks, Robert M. Rolfe
University of Richmond Law Review
Much has been written about the right of privacy since the 1890 law review article by Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis which first proposed that such a right be recognized. In the ensuing years the tort of invasion of privacy, which is, in reality, an amalgam of four separate torts, has been widely accepted. In spite of the burgeoning recognition of various rights assembled under the rubric of right to privacy, the Supreme Court of Virginia has never decided whether private citizens are entitled to protection of their personal privacy against invasions by other private citizens. It is the intent …
Confidential Communication Privileges Under Federal And Virginia Law, Roger L. Williams
Confidential Communication Privileges Under Federal And Virginia Law, Roger L. Williams
University of Richmond Law Review
This Comment focuses on the confidential communication privileges recognized under federal and Virginia law. The history of rule 501 of the Federal Rules of Evidence is discussed in order to illustrate the policies which Congress intended to further by enacting it and to shed some light on how Congress intended the rule to operate. Discussion includes an examination of various trends or approaches which recent federal decisions have taken in applying rule 501. Finally, specific privileges which have been recognized by federal courts and specific privileges recognized under Virginia law are enumerated.
Privacy Revisited: The Downfall Of Griswald, Martin R. Levy, C. Thomas Hectus
Privacy Revisited: The Downfall Of Griswald, Martin R. Levy, C. Thomas Hectus
University of Richmond Law Review
This article presents a review of the Supreme Court's privacy decisions since Griswold v. Connecticut, and concentrates on Doe v. Commonwealth's Attorney for City of Richmond as a vehicle to review the Burger Court's trends in the privacy area. Doe is a good vehicle because, though decided without opinion, the summary affirmance of a lower court decision denying homosexuals constitutional protection resolved the tension developing between Douglas' penumbra theory of privacy, which was the opinion of the Court in Griswold, and the more modern substantive due process analysis. The authors conclude that the opinions in Griswold are dead as far …
Sexual Privacy: Access Of A Minor To Contraceptives, Abortion, And Sterilization Without Parental Consent, Karen Henenberg
Sexual Privacy: Access Of A Minor To Contraceptives, Abortion, And Sterilization Without Parental Consent, Karen Henenberg
University of Richmond Law Review
Until recently, a minor's access to ordinary medical treatment and to such services as contraception, abortion, and sterilization has been severely limited by the legal prerequisite of parental consent. While purporting to act in the minor's best interest, the law has hindered making such medical care available to minors who need and desire it. However, the law has been changing; relying on privacy rights as protected by the Constitution, courts and legislatures have granted independent access-in a selective and piecemeal fashion-to medical services concerning reproductive capacity and sexual activity.
Nlrb Investigatory Records: Disclosure Under The Freedom Of Information Act, Louis A. Fuselier, Armin J. Moeller Jr.
Nlrb Investigatory Records: Disclosure Under The Freedom Of Information Act, Louis A. Fuselier, Armin J. Moeller Jr.
University of Richmond Law Review
A fundamental maxim of American political philosophy is the right of each citizen to know what his government is doing. Political leaders have repeatedly assured the American people that government activities are consistent with the ideals of a free and open society. Whatever confidence the American people may have bestowed upon their government as a result of such pronouncements, it was shattered by the revelations of Watergate, and other allegations of illegal activities attributed to several government agencies. Concurrent with these debilitating developments was the less visible bureaucratic obstruction of the Freedom of Information Act of 1966 (FOIA).
Hands Off!! The Validity Of Local Massage Parlor Laws
Hands Off!! The Validity Of Local Massage Parlor Laws
University of Richmond Law Review
Massage parlors are not a recent American phenomenon. They were a pervasive and, to many, a troublesome phenomenon during the "winning of the West."' In 1897, the Supreme Court determined that one advertisement by women inviting men to their "Baths" and "Massage" rooms was too obscene to be printed. In recent years there has been a sudden increase of interest in and concern about massage parlors. This note examines the most prevalent legal problems generated by the regulation of massage parlors: the relationship between the police power and massage parlor establishments, the constitutional concerns of equal protection and substantive due …
The Family Educational Rights And Privacy Act Two Years Later, Katherine Cudlipp
The Family Educational Rights And Privacy Act Two Years Later, Katherine Cudlipp
University of Richmond Law Review
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, the so called Buckley Amendment, grants parents the right to inspect all records that schools maintain on their children and to challenge any contents they believe are inaccurate or misleading. The Act also requires that parents consent before information from school records is released to those outside specified educational categories. Once a student reaches eighteen years of age or enters a postsecondary educational institution, he assumes these rights in his parents' stead. The penalty for failure of an educational system or institution to comply with the law is loss of all …
Open Meetings In Virginia: Fortifying The Virginia Freedom Of Information Act
Open Meetings In Virginia: Fortifying The Virginia Freedom Of Information Act
University of Richmond Law Review
The past two decades have evidenced a growing criticism and intolerance of "closed sessions" or "secret meetings" in the operation of government. As a result of this increased disapproval, most states enacted some form of "open meeting" legislation designed to give the public a legal right to attend meetings of state and local governing bodies. The purpose of these statutes has been to maintain the faith of the public in governmental agencies by allowing citizen attendance and participation in all phases of the decision making process. Citizens must be able to go behind the decisions of government and hear discussion …
Right To Privacy- Direct Injury Must Be Shown Before A Court May Grant Relief From General Governmental Surveillance
University of Richmond Law Review
The right of privacy is an aggregate of many separate rights, each of which is guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. Although the right of privacy was not recognized per se at common law, today it is acknowledged by a majority of jurisdictions as a separate actionable legal right.
Warrantless Search Of A College Dormitory, Ronald J. Bacigal
Warrantless Search Of A College Dormitory, Ronald J. Bacigal
Law Faculty Publications
Student Conduct is as much a part of the collegiate experience as intellectual pursuit, and regulation of student conduct has been a concern of university officials for as long as there have been students and universities. Until the 1960s the courts had few occasions to concern themselves with the regulation of student conduct; and, university officials were free to take any action short of action that was arbitrary and capricious. University officials were deemed to stand in loco parentis and thus could make and enforce any regulation for the physical training, moral enrichment, and betterment of their pupils that a …
The Physician-Patient Privilege In Virginia, James W. Payne Jr.
The Physician-Patient Privilege In Virginia, James W. Payne Jr.
University of Richmond Law Review
It seems settled that at common law there was no privilege whereby either a patient or a physician could suppress evidence of communications made by one to the other. Most commentators have argued that there is no justification for such a privilege.