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Articles 421 - 450 of 838
Full-Text Articles in National Security Law
Limitless Discretion In The Wars On Drugs And Terror, Wadie E. Said
Limitless Discretion In The Wars On Drugs And Terror, Wadie E. Said
University of Colorado Law Review
The wars on terror and drugs have been defined, largely, by what they lack: a readily identifiable opponent, a clear end goal, a timeline, and geographical boundaries. Based on that understanding, this Article discusses the increasingly expansive discretion of American authorities to prosecute individuals where the wars on terror and drugs intersect. Through laws such as the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act, the ban on providing material support to foreign terrorist organizations, and the narco-terrorism statute, the United States exercises a kind of universal jurisdiction to pursue anyone, anywhere it believes its laws are being violated. Wielding the power of …
Neutrality And Outer Space, Wolff Heintschel Von Heinegg
Neutrality And Outer Space, Wolff Heintschel Von Heinegg
International Law Studies
This article discusses the law of neutrality as it pertains to belligerent operations in and through outer space as well as belligerent outer space operations involving the territory and national airspace of neutral States. As far as the latter is concerned, the traditional law of neutrality is fully applicable. Accordingly, international law prohibits belligerents from launching space objects from neutral territory or through neutral national airspace. While neutral States may not provide belligerents with outer space assets or the use of communications infrastructure located in their territories, they are not obliged to prevent their nationals from providing any of the …
What About Small Businesses? The Gdpr And Its Consequences For Small U.S.-Based Companies, Craig Mcallister
What About Small Businesses? The Gdpr And Its Consequences For Small U.S.-Based Companies, Craig Mcallister
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
Fast-approaching changes to European data privacy law will have consequences around the globe. Historically, despite having dramatically different approaches to data privacy and data protection, the European Union and the United States developed a framework to ensure that the highspeed freeway that is transatlantic data transfer moved uninterrupted. That framework was overturned in the wake of revelations regarding U.S. surveillance practices, and amidst skepticism that the United States did not adequately protect personal data. Further, the European Union enacted the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), a sweeping overhaul of the legal data protection landscape that will take effect in May …
The Scrivener’S Secrets Seen Through The Spyglass: Gchq And The International Right To Journalistic Expression, Matthew B. Hurowitz
The Scrivener’S Secrets Seen Through The Spyglass: Gchq And The International Right To Journalistic Expression, Matthew B. Hurowitz
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
As part of the U.K.’s electronic surveillance program, the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), started in 1909 to combat German Spies, now collects metadata from both foreigners and its own citizens. Through the express statutory authority of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act of 2000 (RIPA), and a loophole in section 94 of the Telecommunications Act of 1984, the GCHQ collects metadata, which is all of the information that is extrinsic to the actual contents of a communication. The GCHQ can request an authorization from a public authority—a member of its own staff—to collect traffic data, service use information, or subscriber …
Indeterminacy In The Law Of War: The Need For An International Advisory Regime, Ariel Zemach
Indeterminacy In The Law Of War: The Need For An International Advisory Regime, Ariel Zemach
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
Indeterminacy in the law of war exacts a severe humanitarian toll, and it is not likely to be reduced by the conclusion of additional treaties. The present article argues that the adverse consequences of this indeterminacy may be mitigated through a U.N. Security Council (SC) action establishing an international advisory regime and using the broad powers of the SC to provide incentives for states to subscribe to this regime voluntarily. States subscribing to the advisory regime (“operating states”) would undertake to follow the interpretation of the law of war laid out by international legal advisors. The advisory regime would represent …
Individual, Not Collective: Justifying The Resort To Force Against Members Of Non-State Armed Groups, Anthony Dworkin
Individual, Not Collective: Justifying The Resort To Force Against Members Of Non-State Armed Groups, Anthony Dworkin
International Law Studies
This article proposes an alternative to the conventional way of deciding when a State may target or detain members of an armed group. Instead of asking whether there is an armed conflict between the State and the group, this article argues that we should look at the State’s justification for the use of force against the group or its members. In a non-international context, this justification is rooted in human rights law. For this reason, the authorization for the resort to force operates on an individual basis, and the State is only justified in using force against individual members of …
Contrasting Perspectives And Preemptive Strike: The United States, France, And The War On Terror, Sophie Clavier
Contrasting Perspectives And Preemptive Strike: The United States, France, And The War On Terror, Sophie Clavier
Maine Law Review
A few years ago, Samuel P. Huntington's article in Foreign Affairs, "The Clash of Civilizations?" described a "West vs. the Rest" conflict leading to the assumption of an essentially unified Western civilization settling "[g]lobal political and security issues ... effectively ... by a directorate of the United States, Britain and France" and centered around common core values "using international institutions, military power and economic resources to run the world in ways that will . . . protect Western interests . . . .” Against the West, the specter of disorder and fundamentalism was looming and would precipitate conflicts. This widely …
Unilateral And Multilateral Preventive Self-Defense, Stéphanie Bellier
Unilateral And Multilateral Preventive Self-Defense, Stéphanie Bellier
Maine Law Review
The governing principle of the collective security system created by the United Nations Charter in 19451 is the rule prohibiting the use of force in Article 2(4), which provides that "All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purpose of the United Nations." This rule prohibiting the use of force was considered revolutionary at the time because it transformed into international law ideas which had for centuries, if not millennia, preoccupied the minds of people …
Intelligence Gathering In The Exclusive Economic Zone, Efthymios Papastavridis
Intelligence Gathering In The Exclusive Economic Zone, Efthymios Papastavridis
International Law Studies
The article explores the contours of intelligence gathering in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) under the international law of the sea. Intelligence gathering in the maritime domain is significant for military and law enforcement purposes and for both coastal States and other States. Intelligence gathering attains even more prominence in the EEZ due to the sensitive location and importance of resources to the coastal State, while the sui generis legal nature of this zone adds further complexity to this inquiry. Indeed, the law of the sea, as reflected in the Law of the Sea Convention, neither explicitly prohibits nor permits …
Legal Formalism Meets Policy-Oriented Jurisprudence: A More European Approach To Frame The War On Terror, Julien Cantegreil
Legal Formalism Meets Policy-Oriented Jurisprudence: A More European Approach To Frame The War On Terror, Julien Cantegreil
Maine Law Review
Myres S. McDougal, the leader of the New Haven School of International Law (NHSIL), advanced a comprehensive and iconoclastic conception of international law and its goals, one whose continuing influence is well-known today: a visceral rule-skepticism that even his least fervent disciples would never renounce. McDougal’s conception of international law and its goals is fundamentally different from the normativist view of Hans Kelsen, which has been and continues to be enormously influential throughout continental Europe, particularly in France. In the portion of his 1953 course at The Hague Academy of International Law devoted to Kelsen’s canonical Legal Technique in International …
The Importance Of Commercial Law In The Legal Architecture Of Post-Conflict "New" States, Michael J. Stepek
The Importance Of Commercial Law In The Legal Architecture Of Post-Conflict "New" States, Michael J. Stepek
Maine Law Review
In the era of international relations ushered in by the end of the Cold War, nation-building has become all the rage. In a burst of Wilsonian optimism, Western countries have sought to recreate failed states in their own image, fashioning new governmental institutions from the ashes of violent conflict or civil collapse. These projects became possible in a fresh environment of international consensus that has prevailed since the middle of the 1990s. Developing improved legal institutions has been considered a particularly important component of any state-building project and has been a primary focus of almost all such efforts. A new …
The Rise Of Outsourcing In Modern Warfare: Sovereign Power, Private Military Actors, And The Constitutive Process, Winston P. Nagan, Craig Hammer
The Rise Of Outsourcing In Modern Warfare: Sovereign Power, Private Military Actors, And The Constitutive Process, Winston P. Nagan, Craig Hammer
Maine Law Review
Constitutions are continuous outcomes of power relations. The primary function of any constitution is to manage power, a critical feature of which is the prevention of destructive conflict. Warfare—including its facilitation by failure to pursue diplomatic avenues in some circumstances, and its promotion through the development of technological horrors such as nuclear weapons, mini-nukes, and other weapons of mass destruction—is the foremost challenge to the viability of an international constitutional system. The collapse of the League of Nations provided the world with a stark lesson in how aggression and warfare can undo a weak international constitutional regime dedicated to peace …
Contemporary Practice Of The United States Relating To International Law, October 2017, Kristina Daugirdas, Julian Davis Mortenson
Contemporary Practice Of The United States Relating To International Law, October 2017, Kristina Daugirdas, Julian Davis Mortenson
Articles
In this section: Congress Enacts Sanctions Legislation Targeting Russia • United States and Qatar Sign Memorandum of Understanding over Terrorism Financing • Trump Reverses Certain Steps Toward Normalizing Relations with Cuba • United States Announces Plans to Withdraw from Paris Agreement on Climate Change • President Trump Issues Trade-Related Executive Orders and Memoranda • United States, Russia, and Jordan Sign Limited Ceasefire for Syria • Trump Administration Recertifies Iranian Compliance with JCPOA Notwithstanding Increasing Concern with Iranian Behavior
The Transformation Of Human Rights Litigation: The Alien Tort Statute, The Anti-Terrorism Act, And Jasta, Stephen J. Schnably
The Transformation Of Human Rights Litigation: The Alien Tort Statute, The Anti-Terrorism Act, And Jasta, Stephen J. Schnably
University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review
A quarter century ago, the prospects for federal civil litigation of international human rights violations under the Alien Tort Statute (ATS) seemed bright. With the statute’s modern revival, a decade earlier in Filártiga, foreign nationals, often with no recourse in their own countries, had a forum for judicial vindication of a broad range of wrongs by state officials, multinational corporations, and even, in limited circumstances, foreign states themselves. The Supreme Court’s Kiobel decision in 2013, however, may signal the end of the Filártiga revolution, with Congress’s seeming acquiescence: Congress, after all, could amend the ATS if it disagreed with …
Maritime Law Enforcement Operations And Intelligence In An Age Of Maritime Security, Douglas Guilfoyle
Maritime Law Enforcement Operations And Intelligence In An Age Of Maritime Security, Douglas Guilfoyle
International Law Studies
This article examines maritime law enforcement operations and intelligence activities in the context of maritime security. First describing the role of navies and coast guards in maritime security, this article then explores the relationship between law enforcement operations and actionable intelligence. In particular, it focuses on maritime domain awareness (MDA), and how MDA functions as a form of intelligence. Next, the article discusses maritime domain awareness under international law before looking to the tension between intelligence collection and visit, board, search and seizure (VBSS) operations, both on the high seas and in waters under national jurisdiction. The article closes by …
Finding The Balance Between Price And Protection: Establishing A Surface-To-Air Fire Risk-Reduction Training Policy For Air-Carrier Pilots, Earl W. Burress Jr.
Finding The Balance Between Price And Protection: Establishing A Surface-To-Air Fire Risk-Reduction Training Policy For Air-Carrier Pilots, Earl W. Burress Jr.
Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research
Currently, U.S. air carriers do not provide equipment or training necessary to mitigate the risk posed by surface-to-air fire (SAFIRE) threats. These threats consist of self-guided weapons (infrared shoulder-fired surface-to-air missiles), manually-aimed threats (small arms, recoilless grenade launchers, rockets, and light anti-aircraft artillery), and hand-held lasers. Technological solutions to counter infrared shoulder-fired missiles have been explored, but were rejected due to prohibitive equipment and maintenance costs. A lower cost option, providing air-carrier pilots with SAFIRE risk-reduction training, has not been formally addressed by the air-carrier industry or the U.S. federal government. This effort will use a business concept, the Cost-Benefit …
The Future Of U.S. Detention Under International Law: Workshop Report, International Committee Of The Red Cross (Icrc), Harvard Law School Program On International Law And Armed Conflict (Hls Pilac), Stockton Center For The Study Of International Law (U.S. Naval War College)
The Future Of U.S. Detention Under International Law: Workshop Report, International Committee Of The Red Cross (Icrc), Harvard Law School Program On International Law And Armed Conflict (Hls Pilac), Stockton Center For The Study Of International Law (U.S. Naval War College)
International Law Studies
The International Committee of the Red Cross Regional Delegation for the United States and Canada, the Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, and the Stockton Center for the Study of International Law at the U.S. Naval War College recently hosted a workshop titled Global Battlefields: The Future of U.S. Detention under International Law. The workshop was designed to facilitate discussion on international law issues pertaining to U.S. detention practices and policies in armed conflict. Workshop participants included members of government, legal experts, practitioners and scholars from a variety of countries. This report attempts to capture the …
Fragmented Wars: Multi-Territorial Military Operations Against Armed Groups, Noam Lubell
Fragmented Wars: Multi-Territorial Military Operations Against Armed Groups, Noam Lubell
International Law Studies
Recent years have seen the emergence of significant legal debate surrounding the use of force against armed groups located in other States. With time, it has become clear that in many cases such operations are not confined to the territory of one other State, but expand to encompass multiple territories and often more than one armed group. This article examines multi-territorial conflicts with armed groups through the lens of several legal frameworks. Among other topics, it analyses the questions surrounding the extension of self-defense into multiple territories, the classification of the hostilities with the group and between involved States, the …
Space Weapons And The Law, Bill Boothby
Space Weapons And The Law, Bill Boothby
International Law Studies
Outer space is of vital importance for numerous civilian and military functions in the modern world. The idea of a space weapon involves something used, intended or designed for employment in, to or from outer space to cause injury or damage to the enemy during an armed conflict. Non-injurious, non-damaging space activities that adversely affect enemy military operations or capacity, though not involving the use of weapons, will nevertheless be methods of warfare. Article III of the Outer Space Treaty makes it clear that international law, including weapons law, applies in outer space. Accordingly, the superfluous injury/unnecessary suffering and indiscriminate …
A Comparative Approach To Counter-Terrorism Legislation And Legal Policy, Paul David Hill Jr
A Comparative Approach To Counter-Terrorism Legislation And Legal Policy, Paul David Hill Jr
Senior Honors Theses
Since the 9/11 attacks, American legislation and legal policy in regards to classifying and processing captured terrorists has fallen short of being fully effective and lawful. Trial and error by the Bush and Obama administrations has uncovered two key lessons: (1) captured terrorists are not typical prisoners of war and thus their detainment must involve more legal scrutiny than the latter; and (2) captured terrorists are not ordinary criminals and thus the civilian criminal court system, due to constitutional constraints, is not capable of adequately trying every count of terrorism. Other nations, including France and Israel, approach this problem with …
Space Law And Gnss—A Look At The Legal Frameworks For “Outer Space”, Frans G. Von Der Dunk
Space Law And Gnss—A Look At The Legal Frameworks For “Outer Space”, Frans G. Von Der Dunk
Space, Cyber, and Telecommunications Law Program: Faculty Publications
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), obviously, make crucial use of satellites operating in an area commonly known as “outer space,” raising issues regarding which specific body of law might rule the operations of such satellite systems. Though the “horizontal” boundary between outer space and the underlying area of airspaces has never been authoritatively defined, it has generally been agreed that those two areas differ fundamentally as to the legal regimes ruling them, giving rise indeed to a specific body of “space law.”
Adrift At Sea: How The United States Government Is Forgoing The Fourth Amendment In The Prosecution Of Captured Terrorists, Frank Sullivan
Adrift At Sea: How The United States Government Is Forgoing The Fourth Amendment In The Prosecution Of Captured Terrorists, Frank Sullivan
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)
No abstract provided.
Air Traffic Control: How Mexican Cartels Are Utilizing Drones To Traffic Narcotics Into The United States, Britton Shields
Air Traffic Control: How Mexican Cartels Are Utilizing Drones To Traffic Narcotics Into The United States, Britton Shields
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)
No abstract provided.
Legal Status Of Drones Under Loac And International Law, Vivek Sehrawat
Legal Status Of Drones Under Loac And International Law, Vivek Sehrawat
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)
No abstract provided.
The Innocent Combatant: Preserving Their Jus In Bello Protections, Mark "Max" Maxwell, Richard V. Meyer
The Innocent Combatant: Preserving Their Jus In Bello Protections, Mark "Max" Maxwell, Richard V. Meyer
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)
No abstract provided.
A Research Agenda To Improve Decision Making In Cyber Security Policy, Benjamin Dean, Rose Mcdermott
A Research Agenda To Improve Decision Making In Cyber Security Policy, Benjamin Dean, Rose Mcdermott
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)
No abstract provided.
The Cyber Longbow & Other Information Strategies: U.S. National Security And Cyberspace, Gary D. Brown
The Cyber Longbow & Other Information Strategies: U.S. National Security And Cyberspace, Gary D. Brown
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)
No abstract provided.
War In The 21st Century And Collected Works
War In The 21st Century And Collected Works
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)
No abstract provided.
Willful Blindness Or Deliberate Indifference: The United States' Abdication Of Legal Responsibility To Refugees, Abed A. Ayoub, Yolanda C. Rondon
Willful Blindness Or Deliberate Indifference: The United States' Abdication Of Legal Responsibility To Refugees, Abed A. Ayoub, Yolanda C. Rondon
Barry Law Review
No abstract provided.
General Counsel Of The Fbi, James Baker, In Conversation With Professor Mary Derosa On The Fbi And International Justice, Mary B. Derosa
General Counsel Of The Fbi, James Baker, In Conversation With Professor Mary Derosa On The Fbi And International Justice, Mary B. Derosa
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Mary DeRosa, Georgetown Law Professor, former Deputy Counsel to President Obama for National Security Affairs, former Legal Advisor to the National Security Council under President Obama, and former Deputy Legal Adviser to the National Security Council in the Clinton Administration, interviewed current General Counsel of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), James Baker. The two discussed the FBI’s role in international law enforcement and the domestic tension between technological advancement and law enforcement duties.