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Articles 61 - 90 of 249

Full-Text Articles in Medical Jurisprudence

Tis Better To Give Than To Receive: Charitable Donations Of Medical Malpractice Punitive Damages, Nicholas M. Miller Jan 1997

Tis Better To Give Than To Receive: Charitable Donations Of Medical Malpractice Punitive Damages, Nicholas M. Miller

Journal of Law and Health

The purpose of this Note is not to answer the question of how excessive medical malpractice and punitive damage awards are. Many highly respected scholars on different sides of the issue have spent large portions of their careers trying to resolve that issue without finding a common ground. This author does not boldly claim to provide an answer in this limited forum. This Note does, however, address a possible source of public frustration with the state of medical malpractice and punitive damages: the lack of a principled basis for the awards that juries give to the victims. The perception among …

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One Way To Be Born? Legislative Inaction And The Posthumous Child, Karin M. Mika Jul 1996

One Way To Be Born? Legislative Inaction And The Posthumous Child, Karin M. Mika

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

This article argues that the posthumous child and the rights and responsibilities relating to such a child are directly related to the fundamental right to procreate. It argues that legislation must necessarily incorporate that right in sorting out issues related to the posthumous child and deviate from the standard principles of contract laws which have been applied in the past. This article examines the history, case law, federal decisions, and current legislation pertaining to artificial insemination. It argues that such legislation is inadequate and that legislatures must act promptly to address the realities of the posthumous child.

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Restricting Donative Choice: Fetal Tissue Transplantation And Respect For Human Life, Joanna H. Kinney Jan 1996

Restricting Donative Choice: Fetal Tissue Transplantation And Respect For Human Life, Joanna H. Kinney

Journal of Law and Health

I propose that a woman who becomes pregnant with the intent to abort will be treated as an initial aggressor, and as such she will be denied the "abortion exception" that will be granted to the woman who aborts an accidental, unwanted pregnancy. Moreover, I shall argue that a woman should not be allowed to designate the donee of the fetal tissue from her abortion, even though her pregnancy was accidental. Without this restriction, a woman who intends to become pregnant and abort may simply claim her pregnancy was accidental, and thereby claim the exception. Central to this study is …

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Surgery By An Unauthorized Surgeon As A Battery, Thomas Lundmark Jan 1996

Surgery By An Unauthorized Surgeon As A Battery, Thomas Lundmark

Journal of Law and Health

This article examines the policy issues behind the doctrine of informed consent and reviews the decisional law and policies on the topic of ghost surgery. Jury instructions employed in California are also addressed. The author concludes that substitution of surgeons should not automatically prompt liability for a battery. The public policy behind the informed consent doctrine is to favor patients' self-determination over the doctor's paternalism. Imposition of liability for battery in a case where the defendant does not knowingly deviate from the consent is not necessary to effectuate this purpose.

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True Protection For Persons With Severe Mental Disabilities, Such As Schizophrenia, Involved As Subjects In Research - A Look And Consideration Of The Protection Of Human Subjects , Anne J. Ryan Jan 1995

True Protection For Persons With Severe Mental Disabilities, Such As Schizophrenia, Involved As Subjects In Research - A Look And Consideration Of The Protection Of Human Subjects , Anne J. Ryan

Journal of Law and Health

This article begins with an in-depth discussion of the UCLA incident followed by the history of protecting human research subjects and a review of the current law intended to protect research participants. Next, it explains the nature of schizophrenia and discusses the topic of schizophrenia and the informed consent process, explaining why persons with schizophrenia warrant more protection than is currently given, especially in the areas of monitoring and informed consent. This article also examines proposed ideas, from various sources, for better protection of the mentally disabled as research subjects. This article concludes with this writer's proposal as to how …

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The Biological Alteration Cases, Sheldon Gelman Jan 1995

The Biological Alteration Cases, Sheldon Gelman

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

State interventions such as drugging dangerous prisoners to “alter the chemical balance in the brain,” sterilizing women involuntarily, or, more modestly, compelling vaccination in order to modify someone's immune system, employ a remarkable and problematic technique. The government biologically alters an individual to suit official policy, tailoring the person's very physical constitution to conform with some public objective. Even when the objective is worthy, such as preventing disease, the technique remains troubling. For in the process of biological alteration, government transforms individuals into instruments of state policy. Focusing on the handful of Supreme Court decisions involving the technique, this Article …

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Negligent Hiv Testing And False-Positive Plaintiffs: Pardoning The Traditional Prerequisites For Emotional Distress Recovery, Nicholas M. Coquillard Jan 1995

Negligent Hiv Testing And False-Positive Plaintiffs: Pardoning The Traditional Prerequisites For Emotional Distress Recovery, Nicholas M. Coquillard

Cleveland State Law Review

This Note focuses upon the unique circumstances surrounding false-positive plaintiffs' claims. Part II examines the recent surge of litigation resulting from false-positive test results. The discussion begins by analyzing HIV antibody testing and procedure and concludes by noting that negligent testing is the prevailing factor in faulty diagnosis. Part III explores negligent infliction of emotional distress as a cause of action for false-positive plaintiffs. This section begins by tracing the historical development of the law on negligent infliction of emotional distress. The discussion focuses on both the development and abandonment of the traditional limitations placed upon emotional distress recovery. Part …

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Time For Legislative Action: Landlord Liability In Ohio For Lead Poisoning Of A Tenant, Brett P. Barragate Jan 1995

Time For Legislative Action: Landlord Liability In Ohio For Lead Poisoning Of A Tenant, Brett P. Barragate

Cleveland State Law Review

This Note addresses landlord liability in Ohio for lead poisoning of a tenant. In Part II, the effects of lead exposure on children and the number of children at risk in Ohio are briefly examined to clearly define the problem. Part III describes the lack of federal involvement in the area of lead poisoning in private residential housing. Parts IV and V examine the current state of lead litigation in Ohio and the response of Ohio courts. Finally, Part VI recommends that the Ohio legislature increase its role in the lead poisoning problem and provides remedies to victims of lead …

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A Doctor's Duty To Disclose Life Expectancy Information To Terminally Ill Patients, Denise Ann Dickerson Jan 1995

A Doctor's Duty To Disclose Life Expectancy Information To Terminally Ill Patients, Denise Ann Dickerson

Cleveland State Law Review

It is the purpose of this Note to review and evaluate the benefits to making full disclosure to a terminally ill patient. It is this author's position that a patient's well-being and dignity dictate that the physician be forthright with all information regarding a patient's diagnosis and the range of treatments available, including both active and passive treatments.

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Attorneys On Bioethics Committees: Unwelcome Menace Or Valuable Asset, Randall B. Bateman Jan 1995

Attorneys On Bioethics Committees: Unwelcome Menace Or Valuable Asset, Randall B. Bateman

Journal of Law and Health

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role(s), if any, of the attorney as a member of bioethics committees, especially hospital ethics committees. In the process of determining whether an attorney should serve on these committees, the arguments will contrast the potential role of an attorney with the different types of attorneys who may be chosen to serve as members of a hospital ethics committee. The ultimate conclusion of this paper is that attorneys do have a role on ethics committees, but that the role depends on the type of attorney, the individual committee and the way the …

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The Nursing Profession In The 1990'S: Negligence And Malpractice Liability, Frank J. Cavico, Nancy M. Cavico Jan 1995

The Nursing Profession In The 1990'S: Negligence And Malpractice Liability, Frank J. Cavico, Nancy M. Cavico

Cleveland State Law Review

Since expanded responsibility portends increased liability, a thorough understanding of the law must be achieved for nurses' rights to be adequately protected and for nurses to be held properly accountable for their legal obligations. This work examines the legal rights, responsibilities, and particularly the potential legal liability of the nurse, in the contexts of modem nursing practice and current statutes and case law. The work focuses on one major aspect of the nurse's legal liability -the tort, or civil wrong, of negligence.

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"Life" And "Liberty": Their Original Meaning, Historical Antecedents, And Current Significance In The Debate Over Abortion Rights, Sheldon Gelman Jan 1994

"Life" And "Liberty": Their Original Meaning, Historical Antecedents, And Current Significance In The Debate Over Abortion Rights, Sheldon Gelman

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

The legal controversy over abortion has been a dispute about constitutional “liberty.” Constitutional debate has ranged far and wide over questions of natural law, interpretative method, and judicial function, yet liberty remains the focal point. It is widely believed that if abortion and privacy rights derive from anything in the Constitution, they derive from “liberty,” and that if anything in the Constitution tells us how to treat those rights, “liberty” does. Part I outlines the present day controversy over liberty and abortion, including the multiple, conflicting opinions in Casey. Part II examines the phrase “life, liberty, or property,” and the …

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The Effect Of State Medical Malpractice Caps On Damages Awarded Under The Emergency Medical Treatment And Active Labor Act (42 U.S.C. 1395dd), Amy J. Mckitrick Jan 1994

The Effect Of State Medical Malpractice Caps On Damages Awarded Under The Emergency Medical Treatment And Active Labor Act (42 U.S.C. 1395dd), Amy J. Mckitrick

Cleveland State Law Review

Although EMTALA was passed in 1986, there have been relatively few cases reported which aid in establishing the scope and boundaries of the Act. The legislature itself has attempted to clarify EMTALA's provisions, and has amended the Act nearly every year since its enactment, the most recentamendments in 1990 and the most extensive amendments taking place in 1989. These amendments, however, have not changed the Act significantly from its original purpose and objectives7 and thus, much of the case law remains pertinent to a current analysis of the application of state medical malpracticecaps to claims under EMTALA.

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The Effect Of State Medical Malpractice Caps On Damages Awarded Under The Emergency Medical Treatment And Active Labor Act (42 U.S.C. 1395dd), Amy J. Mckitrick Jan 1994

The Effect Of State Medical Malpractice Caps On Damages Awarded Under The Emergency Medical Treatment And Active Labor Act (42 U.S.C. 1395dd), Amy J. Mckitrick

Cleveland State Law Review

Although EMTALA was passed in 1986, there have been relatively few cases reported which aid in establishing the scope and boundaries of the Act. The legislature itself has attempted to clarify EMTALA's provisions, and has amended the Act nearly every year since its enactment, the most recentamendments in 1990 and the most extensive amendments taking place in 1989. These amendments, however, have not changed the Act significantly from its original purpose and objectives7 and thus, much of the case law remains pertinent to a current analysis of the application of state medical malpracticecaps to claims under EMTALA.

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Has The Time Come For Doctor Death: Should Physician-Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?, Wendy N. Weigand Jan 1993

Has The Time Come For Doctor Death: Should Physician-Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?, Wendy N. Weigand

Journal of Law and Health

A "true" doctor-assisted suicide can be distinguished from euthanasia in that the patient is actually bringing his or her own life to an end. The doctor in some way facilitates the action, either by providing the means for the suicide, such as in the New England Journal of Medicine article, or by giving the patient some kind of instruction as to the best way of carrying out the act. The difference lies in the fact that it is the patient killing him or herself with the help or advice of a physician, not the physician acting directly to shorten the …

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Confidentiality And Privilege Of Peer Review Information: More Imagined Than Real, Susan O. Scheutzow, Sylvia Lynn Gillis Jan 1993

Confidentiality And Privilege Of Peer Review Information: More Imagined Than Real, Susan O. Scheutzow, Sylvia Lynn Gillis

Journal of Law and Health

This article will discuss the status of the privileges and confidentiality protection today at both the state and federal level. It will also address the concerns present among those individuals and organizations participating in peer review regarding the law of privileges and confidentiality and offer suggestions for health care providers to take full advantage of the statutory protections.

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Medical Futility: Has Ending Life Support Become The Next Pro-Choice/Right To Life Debate, Daniel Robert Mordarski Jan 1993

Medical Futility: Has Ending Life Support Become The Next Pro-Choice/Right To Life Debate, Daniel Robert Mordarski

Cleveland State Law Review

This note will provide an analysis of the issue of medical futility and propose "solutions" to the issue. Part II considers the definition of "medical futility" and different ways to view the concept. In Part III, the position is forwarded that medical futility is a question of values which the medical profession is not necessarily more qualified than a layperson to answer. In Part IV, medical futility will be examined in the context of existing law. This section also addresses the potential tort liability of a health care provider who unilaterally takes certain actions based on the concept of medical …

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Operation Rescue Blockades And The Misuse Of 42 U.S.C. 1985(3), Michael F. O'Brien Jan 1993

Operation Rescue Blockades And The Misuse Of 42 U.S.C. 1985(3), Michael F. O'Brien

Cleveland State Law Review

The purpose of this Note is to demonstrate that § 1985(3) is not applicable to Operation Rescue's blockade activities. Part II provides a brief survey of the history of § 1985(3) from its roots in the post-Civil War era to the 1950's. Part III examines the requirements for a § 1985(3) claim as delineated in the Griffin, Novotny, and Scott decisions. Part IV applies these requirements to the blockade controversy and argues that: (1) Gender-based animus should be accepted by the Court as a form of class-based animus within the meaning of § 1985(3); (2) the blockades do not fall …

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Getting Rid Of The Vegetables, David F. Forte Oct 1992

Getting Rid Of The Vegetables, David F. Forte

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

There ought to be a more accurate term that describes not just the medical condition but the underlying humanity of the afflicted person. Perhaps something like "Persistent conscious condition" would be a more technically descriptive and less morally freighted substitute. It would, in fact, communicate a more complete picture of what is going on.

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Mandatory Hiv Testing Issues In State Newborn Screening Programs, John M. Naber, David R. Johnson Jan 1992

Mandatory Hiv Testing Issues In State Newborn Screening Programs, John M. Naber, David R. Johnson

Journal of Law and Health

The newborn screening model is fairly straightforward. Typically, before the infant is discharged from the hospital (around 24 to 36 hours of age), heel stick blood is placed on special filter paper, dried, and mailed to the state health department for testing. Medical and laboratory research has led to the discovery that other diseases could also be screened in newborns using these dried blood specimens. Currently, all states and the District of Columbia test all newborns for at least PKU and congenital hypothyroidism. There are generally five criteria to satisfy before a disease is considered appropriate for newborn screening: 1. …

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Hey Doc, Can You Keep A Secret - An Ohio Physician's Right To Warn Third Parties That They May Be At Risk Of Contracting Hiv, Mark Wiseman Jan 1992

Hey Doc, Can You Keep A Secret - An Ohio Physician's Right To Warn Third Parties That They May Be At Risk Of Contracting Hiv, Mark Wiseman

Journal of Law and Health

This note will seek to determine if granting a physician the right to warn third parties at risk is the appropriate solution to the above scenario and others like it. Part I will supply a background on the virus that causes AIDS. Part II will review possible legal justification for this breach of the confidential doctor/patient relationship. Part III discusses why there is a need to maintain strict confidentiality of AIDS-related information. Finally, Part IV will discuss alternatives to granting physicians the right to warn.

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Compelled Medical Procedures Involving Minors And Incompetents And Misapplication Of The Substituted Judgment Doctrine, Lynn E. Lebit Jan 1992

Compelled Medical Procedures Involving Minors And Incompetents And Misapplication Of The Substituted Judgment Doctrine, Lynn E. Lebit

Journal of Law and Health

In many cases, courts have incorrectly applied the doctrine of "substituted judgment" to violate the bodily integrity of a minor (who is usually physically or mentally disabled), or an adult incompetent, to bring about a result which on its face seems beneficial to all involved. What courts have failed to do, however, is protect the best interests of these incompetent persons and to recognize their right to be protected, especially when they cannot consent, from non-therapeutic bodily invasions. In this context, "best interests" are determined by weighing the risks, needs and benefits to the affected person. The type of "non-therapeutic" …

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Toward Guidelines For Compelling Cesarean Surgery: Of Rights, Responsibility And Decisional Authenticity, Joel J. Finer Jan 1991

Toward Guidelines For Compelling Cesarean Surgery: Of Rights, Responsibility And Decisional Authenticity, Joel J. Finer

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

When, if ever, may a pregnant woman be compelled to undergo a cesarean section to save the life of a viable, verge-of-birth fetus? Courts and scholars have increasingly addressed the constitutional and ethical problems presented when a woman about to give birth requires a cesarean section to prevent the death of or severe harm to her fetus, and the woman refuses to have the surgery. Nationally, over a five year period, courts have heard twenty-one cases in which a court-ordered cesarean was being sought. Under what circumstances, if any, is it legally and ethically appropriate to compel a woman to …

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The Discovery Of Medical Records Maintained By Health Care Facilities: Inconsistent Law In Need Of Legislative Correction, Susan O. Scheutzow, Anthea R. Daniels Jan 1991

The Discovery Of Medical Records Maintained By Health Care Facilities: Inconsistent Law In Need Of Legislative Correction, Susan O. Scheutzow, Anthea R. Daniels

Journal of Law and Health

This article will review current law in Ohio regarding the protection of medical records maintained by Ohio health care facilities. The Ohio law of privileged communications between health care professionals and patients also will be traced to show how only communications between patients and their physicians, dentists, psychologists, and social workers are currently protected. Since similar public policy reasons may apply to the protection of communications between a wider range of health care professionals and their patients as those communications with physicians, dentists, psychologists, and social workers, this article will discuss why the public policy reasons supporting the initial adoption …

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Physicians And Maternal-Fetal Conflicts: Duties, Rights And Responsibilities, James J. Nocon Jan 1990

Physicians And Maternal-Fetal Conflicts: Duties, Rights And Responsibilities, James J. Nocon

Journal of Law and Health

The physician-patient relationship is substantially influenced by issues involving ethics, morality, law, and politics. Throughout this article, the nexus between law and medicine will be emphasized. Perhaps the most important of these associations is the relationship between principles, duties and rights. Justice Holmes aptly stated that since no rights were absolute, they were poor tools for analysis in any case because they were not truly fundamental considerations. "Duties precede rights logically and chronologically." Holmes eventually came to view "duties" as derivative notions and thought that it was essential to understand the principles at work, not the moral sounding labels attached …

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Fetal Abuse: Culpable Behavior By Pregnant Women Or Parental Immunity, George P. Smith Ii Jan 1989

Fetal Abuse: Culpable Behavior By Pregnant Women Or Parental Immunity, George P. Smith Ii

Journal of Law and Health

The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate the pressing need of the law to take decisive action in imposing tort liability for willful and malicious conduct by drug addicted women during their pregnancy. Liability should be imposed notwithstanding the warnings from civil libertarians that the enforcement of such a policy would most assuredly give rise to "prenatal police patrols".

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Active Voluntary Euthanasia: The Ultimate Act Of Care For The Dying, Deborah A. Wainey Jan 1989

Active Voluntary Euthanasia: The Ultimate Act Of Care For The Dying, Deborah A. Wainey

Cleveland State Law Review

This Note explores whether modern society can embrace the concept of euthanasia as "death without suffering" to the full extent of the term. Section II explores the distortion of the concept of euthanasia from an historical perspective. Section III provides insight into the practice of euthanasia in the Netherlands, the only country in the world which allows people to request and receive aid-in-dying, i.e., active euthanasia. Section IV reviews the American judicial and legislative response to the active euthanasia issue, and analyzes the Death With Dignity Act, a model law which would permit a terminally ill adult to request and …

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A Unified Approach To Organ Donor Recruitment, Organ Procurement, And Distribution, David A. Peters Jan 1989

A Unified Approach To Organ Donor Recruitment, Organ Procurement, And Distribution, David A. Peters

Journal of Law and Health

This article initially demonstrates the falsity of each of these assumptions. Policy alternatives are then proposed to govern donor recruitment and the activities of organ procurement and distribution. These alternatives are consistent with the correct assumption on the issues mentioned, and appear to be politically feasible in the light of available empirical evidence.

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Fetal Tissue Transplantation: Regulating The Medical Hope For The Future, Jacquelyn F. Sedlak Jan 1989

Fetal Tissue Transplantation: Regulating The Medical Hope For The Future, Jacquelyn F. Sedlak

Journal of Law and Health

While fetal tissue implants have the potential to offer relief to several million Americans, these two scenarios are examples of the many legal and ethical issues surrounding the technology. Currently, the use of fetal tissue is loosely regulated by an assortment of laws, many of which were enacted before the therapeutic use of fetal tissue was even conceived as a possibility. At the time many of the regulations governing fetal tissue use were developed, the primary goal of the regualtions was to prevent the exploitation and sale of aborted fetuses following the Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade. Had …

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The Frustaci Septuplets: Miracle Or Malpractice, Susan Ferguson Slabaugh Jan 1987

The Frustaci Septuplets: Miracle Or Malpractice, Susan Ferguson Slabaugh

Journal of Law and Health

The possibility of imposing such liability has tremendous implications not only for the physician and clinic directly involved, but also for other health care practitioners, health care consumers, and the legal profession, as well. This Note will focus on those implications and proposes a solution to the issues raised by this type of litigation.

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