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Articles 241 - 270 of 416
Full-Text Articles in Medical Jurisprudence
Can Dna Be Speech?, Jorge R. Roig
Can Dna Be Speech?, Jorge R. Roig
Scholarly Works
DNA is generally regarded as the basic building block of life itself. In the most fundamental sense, DNA is nothing more than a chemical compound, albeit a very complex and peculiar one. DNA is an information-carrying molecule. The specific sequence of base pairs contained in a DNA molecule carries with it genetic information, and encodes for the creation of particular proteins. When taken as a whole, the DNA contained in a single human cell is a complete blueprint and instruction manual for the creation of that human being. In this article we discuss myriad current and developing ways in which …
A Hurdle Too High: The Unconstitutionality Of Mandatory Ultrasounds Under Casey's Undue Burden Standard, Katarzyna Kordas
A Hurdle Too High: The Unconstitutionality Of Mandatory Ultrasounds Under Casey's Undue Burden Standard, Katarzyna Kordas
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
The article argues that mandatory ultrasound laws impose an undue burden on women seeking abortions, violating the constitutional standard established in Planned Parenthood v. Casey. These laws, often enacted to dissuade women from proceeding with abortions, are deemed medically unnecessary and unconstitutional as they obstruct women's reproductive rights.
Constitutionalizing Fetal Rights: A Salutary Tale From Ireland, Fiona De Londras
Constitutionalizing Fetal Rights: A Salutary Tale From Ireland, Fiona De Londras
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
In 1983, Ireland became the first country in the world to constitutionalize fetal rights. The 8th Amendment to the Constitution, passed by a referendum of the People, resulted in constitutional protection for “the right to life of the unborn,” which was deemed “equal” to the right to life of the “mother.” Since then, enshrining fetal rights in constitutions and in legislation has emerged as a key part of anti-abortion campaigning. This Article traces the constitutionalization of fetal rights in Ireland and its implications for law, politics, and women. In so doing, it provides a salutary tale of such an approach. …
Right To Privacy; Removal Of Life-Support Systems; Leach V. Akron General Medical Center, Stephanie Zembar
Right To Privacy; Removal Of Life-Support Systems; Leach V. Akron General Medical Center, Stephanie Zembar
Akron Law Review
The decision in Leach v. Akron General Medical Center, marked Summit County's acceptance of the trend allowing the removal of life support systems from an incompetent terminally ill patient. Technological advancements have enabled the medical profession to maintain a person indefinitely in a chronic vegetative state. These advancements have blurred traditional definitions of death and have raised legal, medical and ethical questions to be resolved within our court system. The Leach case was one of first impression in Ohio, and the decision should aid in establishing a framework from which members of the legal and medical professions, as well …
The Constitutional Right To Suicide, The Quality Of Life, And The "Slippery-Slope": An Explicit Reply To Lingering Concerns, G. Steven Neeley
The Constitutional Right To Suicide, The Quality Of Life, And The "Slippery-Slope": An Explicit Reply To Lingering Concerns, G. Steven Neeley
Akron Law Review
[M]any courts and scholars appear to be motivated by yet another and more implicit concern with the so-called "quality of life" argument. [...] This ofttimes subtle design ultimately proves to be nothing more than a variation of the "slippery-slope" argument. This paper will contend that such arguments are logically fallacious and, at best, sway only by emotional appeal. As such, this style of argument should be afforded little forensic weight as it serves only to further confuse the debate over the constitutionality of selfdirected death.
The Implications Of Exclusion: How Pregnancy Exclusions Deny Women Constitutional Rights, Hannah Schwager
The Implications Of Exclusion: How Pregnancy Exclusions Deny Women Constitutional Rights, Hannah Schwager
Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal
No abstract provided.
Letting Innocence Suffer: The Need For Defense Access To The Law Enforcement Dna Database, Jason Kreag
Letting Innocence Suffer: The Need For Defense Access To The Law Enforcement Dna Database, Jason Kreag
Cardozo Law Review
Law enforcement has gradually amassed a sizable DNA database that holds considerable promise for solving cold cases and identifying suspects. The Supreme Court has blessed this effort, allowing investigators to include profiles of arrestees as well as convicted persons in the database. At present, though, law enforcement has a near monopoly on use of the DNA database, leaving defendants at the whim of the law enforcement officials who control access to this tool. Legal scholars have alternatively praised and decried the database, but none has examined its prospects for proving defendants' innocence post-conviction. This Article fills that void by identifying …
Are Physician-Patient Communications Protected By The First Amendment?, Martha Swartz
Are Physician-Patient Communications Protected By The First Amendment?, Martha Swartz
Cardozo Law Review de•novo
In the past several years, a number of states have enacted laws restricting physicians’ rights to speak freely with their patients. These laws go beyond informed consent laws enacted in most states in the 1960s and 1970s. While the informed consent laws require physicians to provide certain categories of information to patients prior to invasive treatment—such as the nature of the risks and benefits entailed—these new laws either prohibit physicians from discussing certain topics or mandate that they provide specific information to their patients that is only questionably supported by medical evidence. In the past several years, a number of …
None Of The Laws But One, Neil S. Siegel
None Of The Laws But One, Neil S. Siegel
Faculty Scholarship
This Symposium contribution explores differences in how congressional Republicans responded to Medicare and how they responded to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Given the narrowness of the constitutional challenges to the ACA that congressional Republicans promoted and the many federal taxes, expenditures, and regulations that they support, this Article rejects the suggestion that today's Republicans in Congress generally possess a narrow view of the constitutional scope of federal power. The Article instead argues that congressional Republicans then and now-and the two parties in Congress today-fracture less over the constitutional expanse of congressional authority and more over the …
Surrogate's Court, Broome County, In Re Guardian Of Derek, Barry M. Frankenstein
Surrogate's Court, Broome County, In Re Guardian Of Derek, Barry M. Frankenstein
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Failing To Warn In The Context Of Rare Side Effects, Morris Dweck
Failing To Warn In The Context Of Rare Side Effects, Morris Dweck
Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal
No abstract provided.
The Growing Power Of Healthcare Ethics Committees Heightens Due Process Concerns, Thaddeus Mason Pope
The Growing Power Of Healthcare Ethics Committees Heightens Due Process Concerns, Thaddeus Mason Pope
Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution
Complex ethical situations, such as end-of-life medical treatment disputes, occur on a regular basis in healthcare settings. Healthcare ethics committees (HECs) have been a leading dispute resolution forum for many of these conflicts. But while the function of HECs has evolved from mediation to adjudication, the form of HECs has not evolved to adapt to this expanded and more consequential function.
Accommodation, Establishment, And Freedom Of Religion, Richard W. Garnett
Accommodation, Establishment, And Freedom Of Religion, Richard W. Garnett
Journal Articles
This short essay engages the argument that it would violate the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause to exempt an ordinary, nonreligious, profit-seeking business – such as Hobby Lobby – from the Affordable Care Act’s contraceptive-coverage rules. In response to this argument, it is emphasized that the First Amendment not only permits but invites generous, religion-specific accommodations and exemptions and that the Court’s Smith decision does not teach otherwise. In addition, this essay proposes that laws and policies that promote and protect religious freedom should be seen as having a “secular purpose” and that because religious freedom, like clean air, is an …
Report As To Proposed Pilot Project On The Electronic Monitoring Of Forensic Mental Health Patients, Elaine Gibson, Leah Hutt, Sheila Wildeman, Constance Macintosh
Report As To Proposed Pilot Project On The Electronic Monitoring Of Forensic Mental Health Patients, Elaine Gibson, Leah Hutt, Sheila Wildeman, Constance Macintosh
Reports & Public Policy Documents
This report was undertaken in response to a request from the Nova Scotia government for assistance in identifying and analyzing legal issues related to the potential establishment of a pilot project. The project would involve the use of electronic monitoring (EM) of forensic mental health patients (patients) detained at the East Coast Forensic Hospital (ECFH) who are exercising indirectly supervised and unescorted community access (community access). The purpose of our analysis is not to determine if an EM policy or its application violates any laws. Rather, the purpose is to consider whether there are factors that may support legal challenges …
Speech As A Weapon: Planned Parenthood V. American Coalition Of Life Activists And The Need For A Reasonable Listener Standard, Alex J. Berkman
Speech As A Weapon: Planned Parenthood V. American Coalition Of Life Activists And The Need For A Reasonable Listener Standard, Alex J. Berkman
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Balancing The Right To Die With Competing Interests: A Socio-Legal Enigma, Glenn W. Peterson
Balancing The Right To Die With Competing Interests: A Socio-Legal Enigma, Glenn W. Peterson
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Confrontation Clause And Forensic Autopsy Reports-A "Testimonial", 74 La. L. Rev. 117 (2013), Marc Ginsberg
The Confrontation Clause And Forensic Autopsy Reports-A "Testimonial", 74 La. L. Rev. 117 (2013), Marc Ginsberg
UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship
This Article examines the landscape of legal issues involved in determining whether the presence at trial of a surrogate pathologist, whose testimony refers to a forensic autopsy report prepared by the examining pathologist and provides the foundation for the admissibility of the forensic autopsy report, implicates the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment. This Article concludes that the practice of surrogate testimony and admission of the forensic autopsy report, well known and often required in criminal homicide prosecutions, implicates and violates the Confrontation Clause.
The Missing Due Process Argument, Jamal Greene
The Missing Due Process Argument, Jamal Greene
Faculty Scholarship
The argument that eventually persuaded five members of the Supreme Court to conclude that the individual mandate exceeded Congress’s power to regulate interstate commerce is one most observers originally considered frivolous. In that respect, it is similar to another potential argument against the mandate — that forcing someone to pay for insurance violates the liberty interests guaranteed by the Constitution’s Due Process Clause. The Commerce Clause argument was the centerpiece of the challenge to the mandate; the due process argument was not meaningfully advanced at all. This chapter suggests reasons why.
An Unlikely Feminist Icon?: Justice Harry A. Blackmun's Continuing Influence On Reproductive Rights Jurisprudence, Sarah Primrose
An Unlikely Feminist Icon?: Justice Harry A. Blackmun's Continuing Influence On Reproductive Rights Jurisprudence, Sarah Primrose
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
The article examines Justice Harry Blackmun's pivotal role in the landmark *Roe v. Wade* decision, which legalized abortion in the United States and significantly advanced women's reproductive rights. Despite his initial reluctance to take on the case, Blackmun's opinion established a woman's right to privacy under the Fourteenth Amendment, balancing this right against state interests. The decision has had profound and enduring implications for women's autonomy and equality, though it has also faced persistent challenges and critiques, including concerns about its constitutional basis and the arbitrariness of the trimester framework. The article highlights Blackmun's personal background and jurisprudential approach, emphasizing …
Criminalization In Shades Of Color: Prosecuting Pregnant Drugaddicted Women, Carla-Michelle Adams
Criminalization In Shades Of Color: Prosecuting Pregnant Drugaddicted Women, Carla-Michelle Adams
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
The article argues that criminalizing pregnant women for drug use is both unconstitutional and ineffective. It contends that such prosecutions infringe upon fundamental rights, disproportionately affect minority women, and fail to address the root causes of addiction. The author advocates for a public health approach, emphasizing treatment over punishment to protect both the mother and the fetus.
Machine Speech, Tim Wu
Machine Speech, Tim Wu
Faculty Scholarship
Computers are making an increasing number of important decisions in our lives. They fly airplanes, navigate traffic, and even recommend books. In the process, computers reason through automated algorithms and constantly send and receive information, sometimes in ways that mimic human expression. When can such communications, called here “algorithmic outputs,” claim First Amendment protection?
Constitutional Uncertainty And The Design Of Social Insurance: Reflections On The Aca Case, Michael J. Graetz, Jerry L. Mashaw
Constitutional Uncertainty And The Design Of Social Insurance: Reflections On The Aca Case, Michael J. Graetz, Jerry L. Mashaw
Faculty Scholarship
The Health Care Case is best understood as a legal attack on the means but not the goals of the health care legislation. This emphasis on means rather than ends and on state over federal powers potentially poses significant risks for the complex institutional arrangements for social insurance that now exist and may imply harmful constraints on how Congress can restructure these programs to better meet the needs of the American people in the twenty-first-century economy. Not coincidentally, the new constitutional framework announced in the ACA decision favors those who want to dismantle rather than strengthen the nation’s social insurance …
The Right To Refuse Life Sustaining Medical Treatment And The Noncompetent Nonterminally Ill Patient: An Analysis Of Abridgment And Anarchy, Elizabeth Helene Adamson
The Right To Refuse Life Sustaining Medical Treatment And The Noncompetent Nonterminally Ill Patient: An Analysis Of Abridgment And Anarchy, Elizabeth Helene Adamson
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
An Incompetent's Right To Withdraw From Treatment: Cruzan V. Missouri Department Of Health , Mary A. Watson
An Incompetent's Right To Withdraw From Treatment: Cruzan V. Missouri Department Of Health , Mary A. Watson
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Hodgson V. Minnesota: Chipping Away At Roe V. Wade In The Aftermath Of Webster, Selina K. Hewitt
Hodgson V. Minnesota: Chipping Away At Roe V. Wade In The Aftermath Of Webster, Selina K. Hewitt
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Policy Against Federal Funding For Abortions Extends Into The Realm Of Free Speech After Rust V. Sullivan, Loye M. Barton
The Policy Against Federal Funding For Abortions Extends Into The Realm Of Free Speech After Rust V. Sullivan, Loye M. Barton
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Psychotherapist And Patient In The California Supreme Court: Ground Lost And Ground Regained, Stanley Mosk
Psychotherapist And Patient In The California Supreme Court: Ground Lost And Ground Regained, Stanley Mosk
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
A Time To Die?: Deciding The Legality Of Physician-Assisted Suicide, Jennifer Cole Popick
A Time To Die?: Deciding The Legality Of Physician-Assisted Suicide, Jennifer Cole Popick
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Vacco V. Quill And Washington V. Glucksberg: Thou Shalt Not Kill, Unless Your State Permits Physician-Assisted Suicide , Jennifer Bradford
Vacco V. Quill And Washington V. Glucksberg: Thou Shalt Not Kill, Unless Your State Permits Physician-Assisted Suicide , Jennifer Bradford
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
Fetal Pain Legislation: Is It Viable?, Teresa Stanton Collett
Fetal Pain Legislation: Is It Viable?, Teresa Stanton Collett
Pepperdine Law Review
Whether a human fetus experiences pain during an abortion has been the subject of heated debate within medical, legal, and political circles for over two decades. In the 1980's President Reagan's statement that "when the lives of the unborn are snuffed out [by abortion], they often feel pain, pain that is long and agonizing," and the release of a controversial film entitled "The Silent Scream" were merely two of the events that kept this issue in public view. Federal and state legislative efforts to enact "partial birth abortion bans" have reignited public debate over fetal pain." Three years ago, the …