Law of the Sea Commons^™

Limits On The Giant Leap For Mankind: Legal Ambiguities Of Extraterrestrial Resource Extraction, David Johnson

American University International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Developing An Ecological Social Justice Framework For Ocean Energy Technologies: Case Studies From The Phillipines, Jay Batongbacal

PhD Dissertations

Unless subjected to skeptical and conscious scrutiny, environmentally-friendly ocean energy technologies can become Trojan machines of social inequity due to the subtle re-organizing influences of technologies on culture and the society. Environmental laws that promote or regulate ocean energy technologies can act as Trojan legal regimes in the absence of a framework for assessing and anticipating their adverse impacts on social justice. Environmental justice is inadequate for this task, so an alternative framework is proposed: ecological social justice, drawn from the Third Worlds perspective of sustainable development as equitable sharing. Though overshadowed by the prevalent notion of sustainable development as …

Physical-Strength Rationales For De Jure Exclusion Of Women From Military Combat Positions, Maia Goodell

Seattle University Law Review

Women have been serving in the military in steadily increasing numbers for decades. Nevertheless, the military remains one of the few areas in which the U.S. government decides what roles are open to women based on de jure exclusions. This Article examines the law governing de jure classification, noting that a mere normative belief about women’s proper place in society is an insufficient basis to justify a sex-based exclusion. It then probes the most common rationale advanced in support of the continued de jure exclusion of women: physical strength. The Article examines four problems with the physical strength rationale: (1) …

The End Of The Viarsa Saga And The Legality Of Australia's Vessel Forefeiture Penalty For Illegal Fishing In Its Exclusive Economic Zone, Laurence Blakely

Washington International Law Journal

The world’s fish stocks are suffering from over-utilization. The earth’s oceans are subject to exploitation by all nation states and very little preservation. Because of the nature of the international legal regime of the Law of the Sea, enforcement of what conservation and management measures exist is challenging. Boundaries, ephemeral on land, are even more so on water, making rights allocation and management particularly difficult. Nevertheless, as fish stocks continue to decrease and it becomes clearer that oceans require more effective management, coastal states have begun to undertake more significant enforcement procedures corresponding to their rights in their exclusive economic …

Combating Terrorism At Sea -- The Suppression Of Unlawful Acts Against The Safety Of Maritime Navigation, Helmut Tuerk

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

While piracy is an age-old phenomenon plaguing mankind, terrorism at sea has only manifested itself in recent times through the Achille Lauro hijacking in 1985 serving as a wake-up call. The international community has since been striving to adopt a series of legal as well as practical measures in order to prevent a recurrence of such a terrorist act because the rules of international law relating to piracy are not applicable mutatis mutandis to terrorism. The Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation was adopted in 1988. This Convention addressed terrorism at sea for …

Implications Of Global Warming On State Sovereignty And Arctic Resources Under The United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea: How The Arctic Is No Longer Communis Omnium Naturali Jure, Parker Clote

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

No abstract provided.

Invasive Seaweed: Global And Regional Law And Policy Responses, Meinhard Doelle, Moira Mcconnell, David Vanderzwaag

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

We consider law and policy responses to invasive seaweeds at global and regional levels. Key global regimes considered include the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Ramsar Convention and the Bonn Convention on Migratory Species. Contributions from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Maritime Organization are also considered in the global context. At a regional level, examples of efforts in North America and Europe are offered to illustrate challenges and opportunities for regional responses to invasive seaweeds. We conclude with law and policy recommendations, most notably the need …

A Complete Property Right Amendment, John H. Ryskamp

ExpressO

The trend of the eminent domain reform and "Kelo plus" initiatives is toward a comprehensive Constitutional property right incorporating the elements of level of review, nature of government action, and extent of compensation. This article contains a draft amendment which reflects these concerns.

Bond Repudiation, Tax Codes, The Appropriations Process And Restitution Post-Eminent Domain Reform, John H. Ryskamp

ExpressO

This brief comment suggests where the anti-eminent domain movement might be heading next.

Decentralized Proliferation Of International Judicial Bodies, Sang Wook Daniel Han

Florida State University Journal of Transnational Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Transnational Shipments Of Nuclear Materials By Sea: Do Current Safeguards Provide Coastal States A Right To Deny Innocent Passage?, David B. Dixon

Florida State University Journal of Transnational Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Breaking The Bank: Revisiting Central Bank Of Denver After Enron And Sarbanes-Oxley, Celia Taylor

ExpressO

No abstract provided.

Regionalism, Fisheries, And Environmental Challenges In The Pacific, Jon M. Van Dyke

San Diego International Law Journal

The Pacific, the world's largest ocean, contains many of the world's smallest countries. Most of these isolated islands were under colonial domination from the mid-19th century (or earlier) until about the 1970s, when they became independent. New Zealand (Aotearoa) and Australia participate in many Pacific regional organizations and activities. They are viewed as partners but play separate and different, while still important, roles because of their larger size and differences in culture and history.

It Don't Come Eez: The Failure And Future Of Coastal State Fisheries Management, Donna R. Christie

Florida State University Journal of Transnational Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Australian And Canadian Perspectives On Offshore Management, Donald R. Rothwell, David Vanderzwaag

Dalhousie Law Journal

Challenges in ocean and coastal management are facing all coastal states of the world. including Australia and Canada. Overharvesting of fish stocks, increasing pressure from land-based sources of pollution, expanding offshore petroleum developments, and rising risks of ship-sourced pollution in fragile marine ecosystems have caused both countries to begin a process of reassessment and rethinking. In January 1997 Canada adopted a new Oceans Act, which called for the development of a National Oceans Management Strategy based on principles of sustainable development, precaution and integration, and a new national marine protected areas network. In December 1998, Australia released a National Oceans …

Australia And Canada In Regional Fisheries Organizations: Implementing The United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement, Rosemary Rayfuse, Marcus Haward, Gregory Rose, Sali Bache

Dalhousie Law Journal

In the late 1980s and early 1990s a number of factors and events coalesced to encourage the international community to re-examine high seas fisheries issues. The need to enhance the effectiveness of regional fisheries organizations led to the development of the 1995 United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement, dealing with straddling and highly migratory stocks. Both Canada and Australia played a significant role in the development of this agreement While having much in common, each state had different interests and concerns Canada's attention was focused on the problem of straddling stocks, while Australia 's interests have been primarily, though not exclusively, …

Solving The Greek Turkish Boundary Dispute, Scott Keefer

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article proposes a structured approach to resolving the Aegean Sea dispute between Greece and Turkey by advocating for the separation of issues, such as delimitation of the continental shelf through arbitration and direct negotiations for islet ownership. It emphasizes the importance of considering equitable principles and historical precedents to build trust and stability, suggesting that resolving the Aegean dispute independently could facilitate progress on the more contentious Cyprus issue.

Suriname-Guyana Maritime And Territorial Disputes: A Legal And Historical Analysis, Thomas W. Donovan

Florida State University Journal of Transnational Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

The Role Of The United Nations And Recognition In Sovereignty Determinations: How Australia Breached Its International Obligations In Ratifying The Tmor Gap Treaty, Michael Shane French-Merril

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The note examines the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) decision in the *Case Concerning East Timor*, highlighting the tension between factual sovereignty and legal principles in international law. It argues that the ICJ's dismissal of Portugal's case against Australia due to lack of jurisdiction underscored the limitations of international adjudication in resolving sovereignty disputes. The case raises critical questions about the recognition of sovereignty acquired through force, the role of erga omnes obligations, and the UN's role in territorial disputes.

International Fisheries Management: A Comparative Analysis Of Legal Approaches To Management In The Context Of Polar Fisheries Regimes, Stuart Bruce Kaye

PhD Dissertations

This thesis examines the management of marine living resources in international law. The thesis considers the development of the two principal approaches to fisheries management. The first approach is based upon maximising the yield of particular stocks, and is reflected in the content of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It has evolved out of fisheries management theory developed since the 1950s, and focuses upon extracting the maximum harvest of a particular stock while still permitting that stock's biological regeneration. The second approach uses the precautionary principle, and may include management directed at the entire …

U.S. Income Taxation Of Foreign Parties: A Primer, Ernest R. Larkins

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

Over the last five years for which data are available, the number of foreign corporations showing net income on Form 1120F, U.S. Income Tax Return of a Foreign Corporation, has increased 36.5 percent. [1] In addition, the number of individuals granted temporary stays in the United States as non-immigrants has steadily increased from 9.5 million in 1985 to 24.8 million in 1996, an average annual increase of 9.1 percent. [2] These increases evidence growing opportunities to serve international clients and suggest that tax professionals must have a fundamental working knowledge of the way the U.S. tax system treats foreign parties. …

Front Matter

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

Economic Espionage: The Front Line Of A New World Economic War

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

Syracuse Journal Of International Law And Commerce - Vol. 26, No. 1 (Complete)

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

1997-1998 Survey Of International Law In The Second Circuit

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

This survey reviews significant case law from the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, the Federal District Courts in New York, and the New York Court of Appeals decided from Aug. 1, 1997 through Aug. 1, 1998. Only those cases which overturned old law and/or broke new ground were included in this survey. Consequently, cases that simply reaffirmed previous decisions were not reported.

Table of Contents I. Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act II. Forum Non-Conveniens III. Immigration and Nationality Act IV. Quasi-In-Rem Jurisdiction and the Question of Due Process for Foreign Entities V. Warsaw Convention

Saddam Hussein As Hostes Humani Generis? Should The U.S. Intervene?, Edieth Y. Wu

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

This article discusses several jurisdictional principles which may assist the United States in its efforts to acquire jurisdiction in certain situations that are declared, by the United States, egregious enough to warrant intervention. The United States has long used the "effects doctrine" 1 to assert extraterritorial jurisdiction. This article concentrates on developing and employing the Hostes Humani Generis Theory 2 and its past and possible future use. The central focus is to determine whether the possibility exists that the United States may use the theory in an effort to acquire physical jurisdiction over Saddam Hussein.

A survey, though not comprehensive, …

The Sps Agreement Of The World Trade Organization And International Organizations: The Roles Of The Codex Alimentarius Commission, The International Plant Protection Convention, And The International Office Of Epizootics, Terence P. Stewart, David S. Johanson

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

The proper fanctioning of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) depends in part upon three international organizations, the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), and the International Office of Epizootics (OIE). The SPS Agreement states that the sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards of these organizations are the benchmark international standards for WTO members, and recent WTO decisions demonstrate the importance of international standards in the settlement of WTO disputes involving SPS measures. The Codex, IPPC, and OIE also provide valuable services that benefit the …

Book Review, Henry H. Perritt Jr.

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

Book Review: Richard Haas, The Reluctant Sheriff: The United States After the Cold War, New York, Council on Foreign Relations (1997)

A Dynasty Weaned From Biotechnology: The Emerging Face Of China

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

Legal, Political, And Scientific Response To Ocean Dumping And Sub-Seabed Disposal Of Nuclear Waste, James Waczewski

Florida State University Journal of Transnational Law & Policy

No abstract provided.