Law Enforcement and Corrections Commons^™

Genetic Privacy And The Fourth Amendment: Unregulated Surreptitious Dna Harvesting, Albert E. Scherr

Law Faculty Scholarship

Genetic privacy and police practices have come to the fore in the criminal justice system. Case law and stories in the media document that police are surreptitiously harvesting the DNA of putative suspects. Some sources even indicate that surreptitious data banking may also be in its infancy. Surreptitious harvesting of out-of-body DNA by the police is currently unregulated by the Fourth Amendment. The few courts that have addressed the issue find that the police are free to harvest DNA abandoned by a putative suspect in a public place. Little in the nascent surreptitious harvesting case law suggests that surreptitious data …

Slipping Through The Cracks: The Dual Victimization Of Human-Trafficking Survivors, Allison L. Cross

McGeorge Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Primer On The 2011 Corrections Realignment: Why California Placed Felons Under County Control, Steven Thomas Fazzi

McGeorge Law Review

No abstract provided.

Go Directly To Jail: How Misaligned Subsidies Undermine California’S Prisoner Realignment Goals And What Is Possible To Maximize The Law’S Potential, Andrew M. Ducart

McGeorge Law Review

No abstract provided.

Chapter 837: Inmate Medical Release Under Realignment, Cameron Easterling

McGeorge Law Review

No abstract provided.

Kennedy And The Prisons—Moral Exhortation And Technical Fastidiousness, Robert Weisberg

McGeorge Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Attitudes Of Police Officers Towards Mental Health Services, Rebecca Ann Irwin, Jill Adrianne Kays

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of police officers toward mental health services and the perceptions of police departments toward the promotion of dependable support systems and mandatory counseling in the work environment. Understanding the culture and norms within a law enforcement agency is critical to the well-being of officers and the communities they serve.

The Double-Edged Sword Of Prison Video Visitation: Claiming To Keep Families Together While Furthering The Aims Of The Prison Industrial Complex, Patrice A. Fulcher

Florida A & M University Law Review

Each year, the United States ("U.S.") spends billions to house the country's massive prison population. The need to board over 2.3 million incarcerated human beings has U.S. correctional departments looking for ways to increase revenues and offset costs. According to these correctional agencies, one major expense is prison visitation. In order to reduce spending and alleviate safety concerns, U.S. federal, state, and private correctional facilities have turned to video visitation as an alternative to in-person visits. The use of prison video visitation systems started in 1995. Since then, many private telecommunications companies have professed to have the solution to correctional …

Public Perceptions Regarding The Police Bureau And Crime In Portland, Oregon, Brian Renauer, Kimberly Barsamian Kahn, Kris R. Henning, Greg Stewart

Criminal Justice Policy Research Institute Research Briefs

On September 12, 2012 the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a complaint in the Federal District Court for Oregon asserting that the City of Portland has engaged in a pattern and practice of unnecessary or excessive force against persons experiencing a mental health crisis. This survey is the result of a settlement agreement between Portland’s City Council and the DOJ which specified the Portland Police Bureau (PPB) develop a means of assessing public perceptions.

This report examines public perceptions of PPB across four content areas that are highlighted in the DOJ settlement agreement. Data for the report were …

Drowned Out Without Discovery: Post-Conviction Procedural Inadequacy In An Era Of Habeas Deference, Rachel Cohen, Krista Dolan

Criminal Law Practitioner

No abstract provided.

"Give Us Free": Addressing Racial Disparities In Bail Determinations, Cynthia E. Jones

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

This article considers racial disparities that occur nationally in the bail determination process, due in large part to the lack of uniformity, resources, and information provided to officials in bail proceedings. It argues that the almost unbridled decision making power afforded to bail officials is often influenced by improper considerations such as the defendant's financial resources or the race of the defendant. As a result of these failures, the bail determination process has resulted not only in racial inequalities in bail and pretrial detention decisions, but also in the over-incarceration of pretrial defendants and the overcrowding of jails nationwide. The …

Research And Reality: Better Understanding The Debate Between Sequential And Simultaneous Photo Arrays, Frederick H. Bealefeld Iii

University of Baltimore Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Imperative Of Eyewitness Identification Reform And The Role Of Police Leadership, Rebecca Brown, Stephen Saloom

University of Baltimore Law Review

No abstract provided.

Indecent Exposure: Genes Are More Than A Brand Name Label In The Dna Database Debate, Jessica D. Gabel

University of Baltimore Law Review

No abstract provided.

Why Dna Databasing Is Good For Maryland — A Dna Analyst's Perspective, Rana Santos

University of Baltimore Law Review

No abstract provided.

Comments: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging And The Law Today: The Brain Is Reliable As A Mitigating Factor, But Unreliable As An Aggravating Factor Or As A Method Of Lie Detection, Kristina E. Donahue

University of Baltimore Law Review

No abstract provided.

(Un)Reasonable Suspicion: Racial Profiling In Immigration Enforcement After Arizona V. United States, Kristina M. Campbell

Journal Articles

n June 25, 2012, the Supreme Court of the United States issued its landmark decision in Arizona v. United States, 1 striking down three of the four provisions of Arizona’s notorious Senate Bill (“S.B.”) 10702 challenged by the United States Department of Justice as preempted by federal immigration law. Despite agreeing with the government that the majority of Arizona’s attempt to regulate immigration at the state level through S.B. 1070 was impermissible, the Supreme Court let stand the most controversial section of the law, Section 2(B)—the socalled “show me your papers” provision.3 Under Section 2(B), state and local law enforcement …

Minding The Court: Enhancing The Decision-Making Process, Pamela Casey, Kevin Burke, Steve Leben

Faculty Works

A compelling and growing body of research from the fields of cognitive psychology and neuroscience provides important insights about how we process information and make decisions. This research has great potential significance for judges, who spend much of their time making decisions of great importance to others. For most judges, this research literature is not part of their judicial education. This article reviews cutting edge research about decision making and discusses its implications for helping judges and those who work with them produce fair processes and just outcomes. It builds on a 2007 American Judges Association paper that encouraged judges …

Utah's Children Need A Tourniquet, Not A Band-Aid: Why Utah Should Adopt A Separate Involuntary Civil Commitment Statute For Incompetent Sexual Offenders, Tara Pincock

Utah OnLaw: The Utah Law Review Online Supplement

Utah needs to close the loophole that allows ISOs to be released by adopting a separate civil commitment statute. Utah should model its statute after similar statutes passed in Kansas and Washington, except Utah’s statute should only apply to incompetent individuals who are unlikely to regain competency. This separate civil commitment procedure will ensure that the ISO is sequestered until such a time that he is no longer a threat to society. The state could house those committed under this statute at a secure facility, such as the Utah State Hospital. The state could then use the sex-offender-treatment program used …

Addressing Sexual Violence Against Youth In Custody: Youth Workers’ Handbook On Identifying And Addressing Sexual Violence In Juvenile Justice Settings, Brenda V. Smith, Jaime M. Yarussi

Research Reports & White Papers

From 1999 to 2012, The Project on Addressing Prison Rape (the Project) at American University’s Washington College of Law had a cooperative agreement with the National Institute of Corrections (NIC) to provide training to high-level correctional decisionmakers on key issues in addressing and investigating staff sexual misconduct. In 2003, with the enactment of the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA), the Project’s focus shifted to addressing prison rape—both staff sexual misconduct and offender-on-offender sexual abuse. In 2006, Smith Consulting began a collaborative effort with the Project and NIC to focus efforts on addressing sexual abuse of youth in custody. This handbook …

Why Police Learn From Third-Party Data, Randall K. Johnson

Faculty Works

This essay argues that third-party data collection, particularly of administrative complaints and departmental audit information, holds greater promise than lawsuit data collection. It does so by asserting that third-party data collection is more useful for three reasons. First, third-party data collection prevents manipulation by individual police officers and law enforcement agencies. Second, it assures that police behavioral trends are actually identified. Lastly, third-party data collection helps to deter published § 1983 cases. The essay, however, only models and tests the final claim.

Students, Security, And Race, Jason P. Nance

UF Law Faculty Publications

In the wake of the terrible shootings in Newtown, Connecticut, our nation has turned its attention to school security. For example, several states have passed or are considering passing legislation that will provide new funding to schools for security equipment and law enforcement officers. Strict security measures in schools are certainly not new. In response to prior acts of school violence, many public schools for years have relied on metal detectors, random sweeps, locked gates, surveillance cameras, and law enforcement officers to promote school safety. Before policymakers and school officials invest more money in strict security measures, this Article provides …

Against Neorehabilitation, Jessica M. Eaglin

Articles by Maurer Faculty

In the face of severe budget constraints, bipartisan calls for reform, dropping crime rates, and judicial intervention, states are seriously considering and implementing criminal justice reform to manage prison populations for the first time in three decades. Scholars agree that states need a guiding theory to transform emergency and short-term reforms into a long-term shift in policy and practice away from mass incarceration. Numerous scholars advocate for a return to an improved theory of rehabilitation to guide the states in implementing such reform. This return-through neorehabilitation, or the rehabilitation of rehabilitation-centers on the use of evidence-based programming and predictive tools …

Once We Were Slaves, Now We Are Free: Legal, Administrative, And Social Issues Raised By Passover Celebrations In Prison, Aviva A. Orenstein

Articles by Maurer Faculty

"Once we were slaves, now we are free" is a central line from the Jewish Passover Seder, a ritual meal in which participants retell the story of liberation from Pharaoh's oppression. In prison, many Jewish inmates request access to a Seder and to kosher-for-Passover food for the eight-day holiday. Prisoners' requests to celebrate Passover provide a rich example for exploring the Religious Land Use and Institutional Persons Act (RLUIPA) and raise a host of tough questions regarding cost, safety, equal treatment of prisoners, and establishment of religion. Because kosher-for-Passover meals are more expensive and generally of higher quality than regular …

Fifty State Survey Of Criminal Laws Prohibiting Sexual Abuse Of Individuals In Custody, Brenda V. Smith

The Project on Addressing Prison Rape - Surveys

This document provides information regarding enacting state, statute number, statute title, coverage, definition and notes, penalties, and defenses (if given) for criminal laws prohibiting sexual abuse of inmates by staff.

Crashing The Misdemeanor System, Jenny M. Roberts

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

With “minor crimes” making up more than 75% of state criminal caseloads, the United States faces a misdemeanor crisis. Although mass incarceration continues to plague the nation, the current criminal justice system is faltering under the weight of misdemeanor processing.

Operating under the “broken windows theory,” which claims that public order law enforcement prevents more serious crime, the police send many petty offenses to criminal court. This is so even though the original authors of the theory noted that “[o]rdinarily, no judge or jury ever sees the persons caught up in a dispute over the appropriate level of neighborhood order” …

'You Are Hereby Sentenced To A Term Of . . . Enslavement?': Why Prisoners Cannot Be Exempt From Thirteenth Amendment Protection, Alvaro Hasani

Barry Law Review

No abstract provided.

Neorehabilitation And Indiana's Sentencing Reform Dilemma, Jessica M. Eaglin

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

We Are Always Already Imprisoned: Hyper-Incarceration And Black Male Identity Performance, Frank Rudy Cooper

Scholarly Works

In this Essay, Professor Frank Rudy Cooper recenters the experiences of men of color, particularly those of black men, in light of Reagan's War on Drugs and recent scholarship illustrating the over-representation of men of color in prison for petty drug use. The mainstream's depiction of black men as always already imprisoned disciplines us into the never-finished quest to prove we are a "Good Black Man," rather than a "Bad Black Man." In order to propose greater empathy for black men's imprisonment, this article proceeds in the following manner. In Part I, Professor Cooper sets the stage for considering the …

Nfib V. Sebelius: Proportionality In The Exercise Of Congressional Power, David Orentlicher

Scholarly Works

With its opinion on the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the U.S. Supreme Court sparked much discussion regarding the implications of the case for other federal statutes. In particular, scholars have debated the significance of the Court's recognition of an anticoercion limit to the Spending Clause power.

When it recognized an anticoercion limit for the ACA's Medicaid expansion, the Court left considerable uncertainty as to the parameters of that limit. This essay sketches out one valuable and very plausible interpretation of the Court's new anticoercion principle. It also indicates how this new principle can address a long-standing problem …