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Articles 211 - 240 of 241
Full-Text Articles in Law and Society
From "Renegade" Agency To Institution Of Justice: The Transformation Of Legal Services Corporation, Mauricio Vivero
From "Renegade" Agency To Institution Of Justice: The Transformation Of Legal Services Corporation, Mauricio Vivero
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article traces the evolution of the Legal Services Corporation from its near destruction in the mid-1990's to it's current state as a thriving national bipartisan organization. It discusses the challenges brought by a conservative Congress. It explores the changes made by LSC in order to gain bipartisan support.
Job Segregation, Gender Blindness, And Employee Agency Symposium: Law, Labor, And Gender - New Perspectives On Labor And Gender, Tracy E. Higgins
Job Segregation, Gender Blindness, And Employee Agency Symposium: Law, Labor, And Gender - New Perspectives On Labor And Gender, Tracy E. Higgins
Faculty Scholarship
Almost forty years after the enactment of Title VII, women's struggle for equality in the workplace continues. Although Title VII was intended to "break[] down old patterns of segregation and hierarchy," the American workplace remains largely gender-segregated. Indeed, more than one-third of all women workers are employed in occupations in which the percentage of women exceeds 80%. Even in disciplines in which women have made gains, top status (and top paying) jobs remain male-dominated while the lower status jobs are filled by women. This pattern of gender segregation, in turn, accounts for a substantial part of the persistent wage gap …
The Force Of Ancient Manners: Federalist Politics And The Unitarian Controversy, Marc Arkin
The Force Of Ancient Manners: Federalist Politics And The Unitarian Controversy, Marc Arkin
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Don't Believe Everything You Think: Cognitive Bias In Legal Decision Making, Ian Weinstein
Don't Believe Everything You Think: Cognitive Bias In Legal Decision Making, Ian Weinstein
Faculty Scholarship
This article discusses the role of cognitive bias in legal decision making. Drawing on research in cognitive science and law, it explores the impact of cognitive bias on both lawyers and clients. These often subtle mental biases can lead to pervasive errors in decision making by causing us to ignore important information and make inaccurate predictions. They may lead a client to underestimate the risk of litigation. They may also lead a lawyer to miscategorize a client's value choice as a misjudgement of fact. The article offers illustrative stories of the impact of bias on both client and lawyer and …
Lawyer And Public Service, The Historical Perspectives On Pro Bono Lawyering, Russell G. Pearce
Lawyer And Public Service, The Historical Perspectives On Pro Bono Lawyering, Russell G. Pearce
Faculty Scholarship
Historically, the first way of viewing the lawyer's role was as a member of America's governing class. Second came cause lawyering on behalf of a particular issue. Third, and most recently, arose the idea of pro bono lawyering, a less ambitious incarnation of the governing class lawyer who contributes time to helping cause lawyers. These categories are not rigid: for each individual they may overlap to one degree or another. This framework is preliminary and requires further research and development. Nonetheless, it provides a useful tool for explaining how lawyers-and in particular the heroic lawyers described in this symposium-connect to …
Faith And The Lawyer's Practice Symposium: Law Religion And The Public Good, Russell G. Pearce
Faith And The Lawyer's Practice Symposium: Law Religion And The Public Good, Russell G. Pearce
Faculty Scholarship
If there is a religious way to read, is there a religious way to be a lawyer? More and more lawyers, judges and scholars are answering yes to that question. We heard earlier from Cardinal Bevilacqua about the history of the Religious Lawyering Movement, which blossomed in the 1990s. There was writing about the law and religion before that time." We can date religious lawyering as a body of work in mainstream legal literature, as Cardinal Bevilacqua did, to the work of Professor Thomas Shaffer in the 1980s.Why did this movement take off in the 1990s? Again, what accounts for …
Rational Recreation And The Law: The Transformation Of Popular Urban Leisure In Victorian England , Rachel Vorspan
Rational Recreation And The Law: The Transformation Of Popular Urban Leisure In Victorian England , Rachel Vorspan
Faculty Scholarship
In this article, Rachel Vorspan investigates the complex role played by the courts in the social and cultural transformation of Victorian England. Through focusing on judicial rulings in the recreational as well as political and industrial contexts she explains how the English judiciary played an important function in "rationalizing" the major institutions and practices of urban leisure
Law Day 2050: Post-Professinalism, Moral Leadership, And The Law-As-Business Paradigm Symposium, Russell G. Pearce
Law Day 2050: Post-Professinalism, Moral Leadership, And The Law-As-Business Paradigm Symposium, Russell G. Pearce
Faculty Scholarship
Inspired by Ted Schneyer's future history of professional discipline' and Bob Gordon's descrption of "the hazy aspirational world" of the "Law Day Sermon,' I offer a vision of the legal profession 'a next fifty years in the form of a Law Day speech from the year 2050. Looking back on developments in the first half of the twenty-first century, this piece explores the implications of the analysis proposed in my earlier article, The Professionalism Paradigm Shift: Why Discarding Professional Ideology Will Improve the Conduct and Reputation of the Bar. The speech presents a projection of the moral leadership the bar …
Cautionary Tale From The Multidisciplinary Practice Debate: How The Traditionalists Lost Professionalism, A The Phyllis W. Beck Chair In Law Symposium: New Roles, No Rules - Redefining Lawyers' Work - Redefining Lawyers' Work: Multidisciplinary Practice, Russell G. Pearce, Amelia J. Uelmen:
Cautionary Tale From The Multidisciplinary Practice Debate: How The Traditionalists Lost Professionalism, A The Phyllis W. Beck Chair In Law Symposium: New Roles, No Rules - Redefining Lawyers' Work - Redefining Lawyers' Work: Multidisciplinary Practice, Russell G. Pearce, Amelia J. Uelmen:
Faculty Scholarship
The author presents a fictional conversation among Lawrence J. Fox, other noted legal scholars, and himself concerning the ethics and changes in the legal profession.
Civil Society And Multiple Repositories Of Power Symposium On Legal And Constitutional Implications Of The Calls To Revive Civil Society: Ii. The Constitution Of Civil Society, Abner S. Greene
Faculty Scholarship
The primary goal of civil society revivalists is not the revival of civil society. It is the empowerment of otherwise alienated citizens. Reviving civil society is seen as the principal means to that end, but it is not the only means. To be sure, the revivalists focus their attention on participation in nongovernmental associations. But the ways of overcoming alienation are plural, and they include participation in government, participation in nongovernmental associations, and assertions of individual rights against various forms of collective will. In this brief essay, I first explain why only a pluralist understanding of human flourishing fits with …
Agency, Equality, And Antidiscrimination Law , Tracy E. Higgins, Laura A. Rosenbury
Agency, Equality, And Antidiscrimination Law , Tracy E. Higgins, Laura A. Rosenbury
Faculty Scholarship
The Supreme Court increasingly has interpreted the Equal Protection Clause as a mandate for the state to treat citizens as if they were equal-as a limitation on the state's ability to draw distinctions on the basis of characteristics such as race and, to a lesser extent, gender. In the context of race, the Court has struck down not only race-specific policies designed to harm the historically oppressed, but race conscious policies designed to foster racial equality. Although in theory the Court has left open the possibility that benign uses of race may be constitutional under some set of facts, in …
Regarding Rights: An Essay Honoring The Fiftieth Anniversary Of The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights Introduction: Locating Culture, Identity, And Human Rights Symposium In Celebration Of The Fiftieth Anniversary Of The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights, Tracy E. Higgins
Faculty Scholarship
The half-century since the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights' has been famously heralded as the "Age of Rights" and the concept of human rights described as "the only political-moral idea that has gained universal acceptance." During the same period, however, both terms defining the subject-human and rights-have become increasingly contested. Informed by the emergence of identity-based political movements, critics have attacked the category human has as bearing the baggage of Western Enlightenment assumptions about personhood and community, inherently racist, sexist, and classist. Theorists across the political spectrum have criticized the concept of rights as indeterminate, destructive of …
Learning From The Unpleasant Truths Of Interfaith Conversations: William Stringfellow's Lessons For The Jewish Lawyer, Russell G. Pearce
Learning From The Unpleasant Truths Of Interfaith Conversations: William Stringfellow's Lessons For The Jewish Lawyer, Russell G. Pearce
Faculty Scholarship
As the religious lawyering movement expands, so too will the opportunities for interfaith conversations about lawyering. At the level of superficial pleasantries, these conversations will probably add warm feelings of camraderie but little else. When they advance to deeper levels of intellectual and emotional connection, they offer the potential for developing close friendships, learning significant new insights, and discovering hurtful differences. Only by risking the pain of such conversations can we gain the full benefit of interfaith conversation for enriching our "zest for spiritual living." This essay will employ the writings of William Stringfellow, a Christian lawyer and theologian, to …
Freedom Of Assembly And The Right To Passage In Modern English Legal History , Rachel Vorspan
Freedom Of Assembly And The Right To Passage In Modern English Legal History , Rachel Vorspan
Faculty Scholarship
This Article suggests, on the broadest level, that the history of the "right to passage" in the past two centuries is explicable only in terms of the complex interaction between formal legal doctrine on the one hand and social and political pressures on the other. Specific challenges to public order significantly shaped the evolution of legal rules, but these rules, once established, constrained official action and compelled the authorities at critical junctures to develop countervailing strategies. This exploration confirms that neither an externalist nor internalist approach to legal history by itself adequately explains historical change and, moreover, that the relative …
Perspectives On Human Nature And Their Implications For Business Organizations, Lewis D. Solomon
Perspectives On Human Nature And Their Implications For Business Organizations, Lewis D. Solomon
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Employing psychological principles to reform the structure and agendas of business organizations increases employee fulfillment. This Essay proposes changes in corporate structure in order to nurture employee's mental health in a way that also benefits companies by resulting in greater employee productivity. This Essay argues that the decentralization of business organizations and greater employee involvement in decision-making will improve both quality of life and the environment.
An Executive's Lesson In The Law From A Typical Business Encounter, Harold A. Segall
An Executive's Lesson In The Law From A Typical Business Encounter, Harold A. Segall
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article recommends that business executives consider potential legal problems when entering into business transactions. It argues that the American civil legal system is unsatisfactorily costly, slow and risky. The Article provides examples of the perils of litigation and explains that business executives can avoid these perils by anticipating potential legal problems. The Article argues that the successful business executive must find a way to balance an optimistic, entrepreneurial spirit with a lawyerlike way of considering potential future problems. Similarly, the proper role of a commercial lawyer is to provide judgment and practical advice, as well as legal expertise.
An Executive's Lesson In The Law From A Typical Business Encounter, Harold A. Segall
An Executive's Lesson In The Law From A Typical Business Encounter, Harold A. Segall
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Article recommends that business executives consider potential legal problems when entering into business transactions. It argues that the American civil legal system is unsatisfactorily costly, slow and risky. The Article provides examples of the perils of litigation and explains that business executives can avoid these perils by anticipating potential legal problems. The Article argues that the successful business executive must find a way to balance an optimistic, entrepreneurial spirit with a lawyerlike way of considering potential future problems. Similarly, the proper role of a commercial lawyer is to provide judgment and practical advice, as well as legal expertise.
Plenary Power And Constitutional Outcasts: Federal Power, Critical Race Theory, And The Second, Ninth, And Tenth Amendments , Nicholas J. Johnson
Plenary Power And Constitutional Outcasts: Federal Power, Critical Race Theory, And The Second, Ninth, And Tenth Amendments , Nicholas J. Johnson
Faculty Scholarship
Rights and power in modern American constitutionalism are conceptually interdependent: "We have no way of thinking about constitutional rights independent of what powers it would be prudent or desirable for government to have." In an era where substantive boundaries on federal power seem ephemeral, this suggests that what we call rights may be primarily fair weather or illusory barriers to the exercise of power.From a majoritarian perspective, the shifting boundary between rights and powers, and the capacity of power to consume rights, may be unproblematic and even attractive. If the exercise of plenary power reflects majority will, then this exercise …
Union Lawyer's Obligations To Bargaining Unit Members: A Case Study Of The Interdependence Of Legal Ethics And Substantive Law, The Symposium: The Lawyer's Duties And Liabilities To Third Parties, Russell G. Pearce
Faculty Scholarship
One of the largest groups of purported nonclients to whom lawyers might have obligations are members of bargaining units represented by unions. Despite the much publicized decline of labor unions, they have almost 16.4 million members. In addition, many workers are members of bargaining units represented by labor unions, but are not union members. The relationship of union lawyers to these millions of bargaining unit members, whether members of the union or not, is unclear. An examination of how this relationship influences and is influenced by labor law offers a fascinating case study of the synergy between the substantive law …
To Save A Life: Why A Rabbi And A Jewish Lawyer Must Disclose A Client Confidence Symposium: Executing The Wrong Person: The Professionals' Ethical Dilemmas, Russell G. Pearce
To Save A Life: Why A Rabbi And A Jewish Lawyer Must Disclose A Client Confidence Symposium: Executing The Wrong Person: The Professionals' Ethical Dilemmas, Russell G. Pearce
Faculty Scholarship
As adopted by courts and legislatures, lawyer's ethical codes have the force of law. They require a lawyer to keep information confidential unless the lawyer knows the client will commit a future crime. Jewish tradition generally forbids the disclosure of confidential information as "a terrible invasion of another person's privacy."This interdiction, rooted in the Torah's prohibition on talebearing, applies even when the information disclosed is true. The great medieval commentator, Maimonides, observed that gossip "ruins the world.” He further reproached "the evil tongue of the slander-monger who speaks disparagingly of one's fellow, even if the truth is told." Accordingly, the …
Reflections On From Slaves To Citizens Bondage, Freedom And The Constitution: The New Slavery Scholarship And Its Impact On Law And Legal Historiography, Robert J. Kaczorowski
Reflections On From Slaves To Citizens Bondage, Freedom And The Constitution: The New Slavery Scholarship And Its Impact On Law And Legal Historiography, Robert J. Kaczorowski
Faculty Scholarship
The thesis of Professor Donald Nieman's paper, "From Slaves to Citizens: African-Americans, Rights Consciousness, and Reconstruction," is that the nation experienced a revolution in the United States Constitution and in the consciousness of African Americans. According to Professor Nieman, the Reconstruction Amendments represented "a dramatic departure from antebellum constitutional principles,"' because the Thirteenth Amendment reversed the pre-Civil War constitutional guarantee of slavery and "abolish[ed] slavery by federal authority." The Fourteenth Amendment rejected the Supreme Court's "racially-based definition of citizenship [in Dred Scott v. Sandford4], clearly establishing a color-blind citizenship” and the Fifteenth Amendment "wrote the principle of equality into the …
Professionalism Paradigm Shift: Why Discarding Professional Ideology Will Improve The Conduct And Reputation Of The Bar, The, Russell G. Pearce
Professionalism Paradigm Shift: Why Discarding Professional Ideology Will Improve The Conduct And Reputation Of The Bar, The, Russell G. Pearce
Faculty Scholarship
The Article explains how the Professionalism Paradigm distinguishes between self-interested businesspersons and altruistic professionals who place the public good above their own interests and those of their clients. The legal profession has used this Business-Profession dichotomy to obtain control of the delivery legal services, including a legislative monopoly on the practice of law. Today, the Professionalism Paradigm faces a crisis as leading lawyers, judges, and scholars complain that law has become a business and is no longer a profession. The Article “identifies this shift as a time for hope rather than as a cause for despair. Applying Thomas S. Kuhn's …
Chase Court And Fundamental Rights: A Watershed In American Constitutionalism, The , Robert J. Kaczorowski
Chase Court And Fundamental Rights: A Watershed In American Constitutionalism, The , Robert J. Kaczorowski
Faculty Scholarship
Three weeks before he died in May 1873, the frail and ailing Salmon P. Chase joined three of his brethren in dissent in one of the most important cases ever decided by the United States Supreme Court, the Slaughter-House Cases.1 This decision was a watershed in United States constitutional history for several reasons. Doctrinally, it represented a rejection of the virtually unanimous decisions of the lower federal courts upholding the constitutionality of revolutionary federal civil rights laws enacted in the aftermath of the Civil War. Institutionally, it was an example of extraordinary judicial activism in overriding the legislative will of …
Jewish Lawyering In A Multicultural Society: A Midrash On Levinson Colloquy, Russell G. Pearce
Jewish Lawyering In A Multicultural Society: A Midrash On Levinson Colloquy, Russell G. Pearce
Faculty Scholarship
When we acknowledge the contradiction between the project's goal and the reality of group influence, we are led to consider the alternative strategy of creating community. Such a strategy would invite lawyers to begin a community dialogue regarding how each of our group identities, and the responses of others to our identities, interfere with our efforts to realize the goal of equal justice. While significant to the understanding of group dynamics, consideration of Jewish lawyering probably has limited value as a predictor of an individual lawyer's professional conduct. The actual and potential influence of Jewishness on lawyering is quite diverse, …
Enforcement Provisions Of The Civil Rights Act Of 1866: A Legislative History In Light Of Runyon V. Mccrary, The Review Essay And Comments: Reconstructing Reconstruction, Robert J. Kaczorowski
Enforcement Provisions Of The Civil Rights Act Of 1866: A Legislative History In Light Of Runyon V. Mccrary, The Review Essay And Comments: Reconstructing Reconstruction, Robert J. Kaczorowski
Faculty Scholarship
The purpose of this Comment is to examine the history of the enactment and early enforcement of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 from the perspective of the remedies Congress sought to provide to meet the problems that necessitated the legislation. Its main foci are the statute's enforcement provisions and their early implementation, an aspect of the history of the statute that has not been fully considered in relation to section one, the provision that has received the most scholarly attention. The occasion of this study is the Supreme Court's reconsideration of Runyon v. McCrary' in Patterson v. McLean Credit …
The Quiet Revolution In The American Law Proffesion: Remarks Before The Commission On Professionalism Of The American Bar Association, Peter Megargee Brown
The Quiet Revolution In The American Law Proffesion: Remarks Before The Commission On Professionalism Of The American Bar Association, Peter Megargee Brown
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This Speech discusses the decline of the law profession in its commitment to public service. It analyzes the reasons as to why the practice of law has evolved from a profession once thought to epitomize professionalism into one that does not seem much different from other businesses. It discusses the consequences of such a reality. The author suggests measures that the American Bar Association should employ to ameliorate the effects of this reality and outlines steps it should take to help restore the high level of professionalism to the industry.
Availability Of A New York Class Action For Railroad Commuters: David V. Goliath, Maura E. O'Sullivan
Availability Of A New York Class Action For Railroad Commuters: David V. Goliath, Maura E. O'Sullivan
Fordham Urban Law Journal
A class action brought under the New York statute (modeled after Federal Rule 23 of Civil Procedure) is an appropriate procedural device for remedying the continual breaches of the commuter carriage contract. In Pennsylvania Railroad Co. v. Puritan Coal Mining Co., the Supreme Court held that the common law mandates that common carriers treat passengers reasonably. Additionally, in the contract carriage, the carrier impliedly guarantees that the vehicle is in sound and proper order. Individual suits, unfortunately, have little effect on the actions of the common carriers; only nominal damages have been awarded in commuter actions against railroads for equipment …
Why Lawyers Should Be Allowed To Advertise: A Market Analysis Of Legal Services , Geoffrey C. Hazard Jr., Russell G. Pearce, Jeffrey W. Stempel
Why Lawyers Should Be Allowed To Advertise: A Market Analysis Of Legal Services , Geoffrey C. Hazard Jr., Russell G. Pearce, Jeffrey W. Stempel
Faculty Scholarship
Last August, the American Bar Association adopted the Model Rules of Professional Conduct which significantly altered the ABA' position on lawyer advertising. It is still unclear how the states will respond to the ABA's new position, and the debate about the propriety of lawyer advertising continue. In the authors' view, both sides of the debate have overlooked an important point: For purposes of analyzing the advertising problem, legal services are of two types, and the effect of advertising on the legal services market will vary with the type of service involved."Individualized" services involve legal matters that pose a significant risk …
Nineteenth Century Interpretations Of The Federal Contract Clause: The Transformation From Vested To Substantive Rights Against The State , James L. Kainen
Nineteenth Century Interpretations Of The Federal Contract Clause: The Transformation From Vested To Substantive Rights Against The State , James L. Kainen
Faculty Scholarship
During the early nineteenth century, the contract clause served as the fundamental source of federally protected rights against the state. Yet the Supreme Court gradually eased many of the restrictions on state power enforced in the contract clause cases while developing the doctrine of substantive due process after the Civil War. By the end of the nineteenth century, the due process clause had usurped the place of the contract clause as the centerpiece in litigation about individual rights. Most analyses of the history of federally protected rights against the state have emphasized the rise of substantive due process to the …
Double Jeopardy Of Corporate Profits, The , Constantine N. Katsoris
Double Jeopardy Of Corporate Profits, The , Constantine N. Katsoris
Faculty Scholarship
The more one reads about our economy, the more one is baffled and alarmed. Permanent solutions to economic problems are elusive. Treating one financial malaise often aggravates another sector of the economy, necessitating a delicate balancing of conflicting interests. Furthermore, the problems are complicated by the constant influence of foreign forces. Nevertheless, most economists agree that any solution will require enormous funding. Unfortunately, the public has little, if any, confidence in our tax system. Indeed, some tax laws and proposals have been referred to as "obscene" and a "disgrace to the human race." Few quarrel with the aptness of such …