Law and Race Commons^™

How 'Duty To Retreat' Became 'Stand Your Ground', Jeffrey Bellin

Popular Media

No abstract provided.

Aals Section On Women In Legal Education Reflections: 2002-2011, Danne L. Johnson

UMKC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Preliminary Report On Race And Washington's Criminal Justice System, Research Working Group, Task Force On Race And The Criminal Justice System

Washington Law Review

We are pleased to present the Preliminary Report on Race and Washington’s Criminal Justice System, authored by the Research Working Group of the Task Force on Race and the Criminal Justice System. The Research Working Group’s mandate was to investigate disproportionalities in the criminal justice system and, where disproportionalities existed, to investigate possible causes. This factbased inquiry was designed to serve as a basis for making recommendations for changes to promote fairness, reduce disparity, ensure legitimate public safety objectives, and instill public confidence in our criminal justice system. The Task Force came into being after a group of us …

Looking South: Race, Gender, And The Transformation Of Labor From Reconstruction To Globalization By Mary E. Frederickson, Joel E. Black

Book Reviews

No abstract provided.

(Re)Forming The Jury: Detection And Disinfection Of Implicit Juror Bias, Anna Roberts

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

We Are Mad About The Wrong Thing, Tanya M. Washington

Faculty Publications By Year

No abstract provided.

History Of De Jure Segregation In Public Higher Education In America And The State Of Maryland Prior To 1954 And The Equalization Strategy, John K. Pierre

Florida A & M University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Brief For National Congress Of American Indians Supporting Plaintiffs-Appellants Motion For Rehearing En Banc, Knight V. Thompson As Amicus Curiae, Dawinder S. Sidhu

Faculty Scholarship

Statement of Issues: Whether a prison system may deprive American Indians of their fundamental right to exercise their religion where the prison system has not demonstrated that the policy actually furthers its asserted compelling government interest. Whether a prison system may deprive American Indians of their fundamental right to exercise their religion where the prison system has not even considered less restrictive means of furthering its asserted compelling interest.

Out Of Sight, Out Of Legal Recourse: Interpreting And Revising Title Vii To Prohibit Workplace Segregation Premised On Religion, Dawinder S. Sidhu

Faculty Scholarship

The purpose of this article is to argue that the federal courts’ prevailing interpretation of Title VII with respect to religious attire in the workplace is inconsistent with the law. I maintain that Title VII prohibits employers from either placing employees in the back or refusing to hire individuals with conspicuous articles of faith due to any actual or perceived social discomfort with the employee’s religion-based appearance. I am persuaded of this for two independent reasons. First, placing an employee out of public view does not constitute a “reasonable accommodation” under Title VII because the statute’s general anti-discrimination provision expressly …

The Unconstitutionality Of Urban Poverty, Dawinder S. Sidhu

Faculty Scholarship

This Article argues that the Thirteenth Amendment is a proper federal vehicle for correcting the conditions of the urban underclass. The Amendment, I posit, contemplates federal intervention in the state and local governments' handling of its most troubled areas. Such federal involvement is appropriate because those responsible for these physical areas have not ensured that their residents have the necessary predicates for full and independent participation in society. The Thirteenth Amendment, in other words, supports the federal government's establishment of a minimum floor of economic and educational conditions such that the urban underclass may possess meaningful horizontal and vertical liberty, …

Foreword: Doing The Hard Work, Jose R. "Beto" Juarez

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Displaced Mothers, Absent And Unnatural Fathers: Lgbt Transracial Adoption, Kim H. Pearson

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

While some might believe that Black versus gay discourse only surfaces in highly politicized settings like the military and marriage, it holds sway in the area of LGBT transracial adoption. LGBT transracial adoptions are a relatively small percentage of all adoptions, which include private adoptions, LGBT second-parent adoptions, and step-parent adoptions, but they are an important site for interrogating the Black versus gay discourse because adoption and custody decisions often address parent-child transmission. When claims intersect, as they do in a case where a White LGBT foster parent and a Black maternal grandmother dispute the adoption of a Black child, …

A Rose By Any Other Name: The Chilling Effect Of Ice's Secure Communities Program, Stephanie Kang

UC Law Journal of Race and Economic Justice

The September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the United States created a national urgency to better police United States borders. However, the attack also led to a backlash against undocumented immigrants by increased Congressional funding to implement immigration enforcement measures. One of the more controversial state and federal collaborative efforts to enforce immigration laws is the Secure Communities program mandating all participating jurisdictions to submit fingerprint biometrics to Immigrations and Customs Enforcement ("ICE") to enable ICE to run the fingerprints through immigration databases and identify deportable immigrants.

The primary goal of the program is to remove the most dangerous criminals …

A Saving Grace - The Impact Of The Fostering Connections To Success And Increasing Adoptions Act On America's Older Foster Youth, May Shin

UC Law Journal of Race and Economic Justice

This note examines the struggles of youths who must leave state foster care systems (called "aging out" of foster care) upon turning eighteen years old. Thousands of young people age out of foster care systems each year. Foster care systems have traditionally abandoned children upon their eighteenth birthday, without providing aged-out youth real assistance in obtaining employment, health services, or basic shelter. Most commonly, these young adults do not have sufficient resources or support to allow them to transition into safe and stable lives. The majority of these older youths either get incarcerated, become homeless, or are forced to depend …

The Politics Of Hate, Robert Tsai

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

This is a special issue dedicated to the topic of hate and political discourse. Collectively, the peer-reviewed articles in this volume are concerned with the political aspects of hatred, i.e., psychology, motivations, organization, tactics, and ends. The articles approach the problem from a variety of disciplines, including anthropology, history, law, literature, philosophy, political science, psychology, and sociology. Among the subjects analyzed: group hatred as a heritable trait; hate as an irrational system of thought; Italian fascism's construction of the Communist other; the rise of the English Defence League and its anti-Islam activities; the persistent myth of blood libel; judicial handling …

Our Broken Misdemeanor Justice System: Its Problems And Some Potential Solutions, Eve Brensike Primus

Reviews

Although misdemeanors comprise an overwhelming majority of state criminal court cases, little judicial and scholarly attention has been focused on how misdemeanor courts actually operate. In her article, Misdemeanors, Alexandra Natapoff rights this wrong and explains how the low-visibility, highly discretionary decisions made by actors at the misdemeanor level often result in rampant discrimination, incredible inefficiency, and vast miscarriages of justice. Misdemeanors makes a significant contribution to the literature by refocusing attention on the importance of misdemeanor offenses and beginning an important dialogue about what steps should be taken going forward to fix our broken misdemeanor justice system.

Every High Has A Low: A Pragmatic Approach To The War On Drugs, Mark Garibyan

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform Caveat

One of the lasting vestiges of Richard Nixon’s presidency is the infamous “War on Drugs,” a forty-year-old effort aimed at curtailing “illicit drug consumption and transactions in America.” Although the goal behind the policy—a reduction in the rate of substance abuse—may be altruistic, the War on Drugs has dismally failed to achieve its goals and has exacerbated existing problems. Specifically, laws dealing with crack cocaine result in a “heavily disproportionate impact on black defendants;” in 2008 “blacks comprised 79.8 percent of those convicted for crack cocaine-related offenses,” whereas “whites comprised only 10.4 percent.” More generally, these laws illustrate a fundamental …

An Essay On Slavery's Hidden Legacy: Social Hysteria And Structural Condonation Of Incest, Zanita E. Fenton

Articles

No abstract provided.

Achieving Reproductive Justice In The International Surrogacy Market, Seema Mohapatra

Faculty Scholarship

Men and women are increasingly seeking surrogacy arrangements outside of their home country, mainly due to legal restrictions or the high cost of surrogacy in their home countries. Global surrogacy raises numerous issues including the economic status of women involved in surrogacy arrangements, poverty, issues related to what motherhood means and how women from different ethnic, socioeconomic, class, and national backgrounds interact in the global surrogacy market. This essay analyzes whether reproductive justice exists in the current international surrogacy market. Reproductive justice refers to the normative concept that all women, regardless of their ethnic, racial, national, social, or economic backgrounds, …

Arizona, Immigration, And Latinos: The Epistemology Of Whiteness, The Geography Of Race, Interest Convergence, And The View From The Perspective Of Critical Theory, George A. Martinez

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

In this article, the author analyzes a scheme of laws in Arizona regarding immigration and Latinos by using the powerful tools of contemporary critical theory, which have been especially developed to analyze issues of race such as those presented in the laws at issue. As discussed below, critical theory, as applied to Arizona, reveals (1) that the newly enacted scheme of laws reflects an epistemology of whiteness and operates to transform Arizona into a white geographical landscape; (2) that the outlawing of ethnic studies in Arizona is a corollary to the establishment of a white geographical space in Arizona; (3) …

Sisters In Law: Black Women Lawyers' Struggle For Advancement, Carla Pratt

Faculty Articles

While the presence of women in law school and the legal profession has improved greatly, the uncomfortable reality is that women tend to occupy positions in the legal profession that subordinate them to men. This reality is even more glaring when the position of black women is examined. Black women carry the burden of multiple consciousness which influences every aspect of their professional lives. Multiple consciousness means that black women must be mindful of their professional identity, their gender and their race in navigating the pipeline to power. This paper will explore the multiple consciousness that intersecting identities invoke and …

Systemic Racial Bias And Rico's Application To Criminal Street And Prison Gangs, Jordan Blair Woods

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

This Article presents an empirical study of race and the application of the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) to criminal street and prison gangs. A strong majority (approximately 86%) of the prosecutions in the study involved gangs that were affiliated with one or more racial minority groups. All but one of the prosecuted White-affiliated gangs fell into three categories: international organized crime groups, outlaw motorcycle gangs, and White supremacist prison gangs. Some scholars and practitioners would explain these findings by contending that most criminal street gangs are comprised of racial minorities. This Article challenges and problematizes this …

Under Color Of Law: Siliadin V. France And The Dynamics Of Enslavement In Historical Perspective, Rebecca J. Scott

Book Chapters

When is it appropriate to apply the term ‘slavery’—a concept that appears to rest on a property right—to patterns of exploitation in contemporary society, when no state extends formal recognition to the possibility of the ownership of property in a human being? Historians, who generally position themselves as enemies of anachronism, may be particularly resistant to the use of an ancient term to describe a twenty-first century reality. And jurists have often been understandably reluctant to employ a word whose historical meaning was so closely tied to a specific property relationship that has long since been abolished in Europe and …

State Control Of Black Mothers, Donna Coker

Articles

No abstract provided.

Coming Up: New Foundations In Latcrit Theory, Community, And Praxis, Francisco Valdes

Articles

No abstract provided.

Disabling Racial Repetition, Zanita E. Fenton

Articles

No abstract provided.

Confronting Race In The Criminal Justice System: The Aba's Racial Justice Improvement Project, Cynthia E. Jones

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.

Post-Racialism And Searches Incident To Arrest, Frank Rudy Cooper

Scholarly Works

For 28 years the Court held that an officer's search incident to arrest powers automatically extended to the entire passenger compartment of a vehicle. In 2009, however, the Arizona v. Gant decision held that officers do not get to search a vehicle incident to arrest unless they satisfy (1) the Chimel v. California Court's requirement that the suspect has access to weapons or evanescent evidence therein or (2) the United States v. Rabinowitz Court's requirement that the officer reasonably believe evidence of the crime of arrest will be found therein. While many scholars read Gant as a triumph for civil …

Remediating Discrimination Against African American Females At The Intersection Of Title Ix And Title Vi, Alfred Dennis Mathewson

Faculty Scholarship

In Part I, I present a brief treatment of intersectionality in anti-discrimination law focusing on the distinction between cause of action and remedy. Harm caused by gender or racial discrimination may give rise to causes of action based on equal protection principles." In Part II, I go further and argue that the primary intersectionality problem presented by Title IX is one of remedy. I conclude that the differences in the remedial effects of Title IX result, in part, from unremedied racial discrimination, a conclusion that begins with Professor Jerome Dees's argument that Brown v. Board of Education and anti-discrimination laws …

Mrs. Dred Scott: A Genre Bender?, Lolita Buckner Inniss

Publications

No abstract provided.