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Articles 271 - 300 of 611
Full-Text Articles in Law and Race
Class-Based Affirmative Action, Or The Lies That We Tell About The Insignificance Of Race, Khiara Bridges
Class-Based Affirmative Action, Or The Lies That We Tell About The Insignificance Of Race, Khiara Bridges
Faculty Scholarship
This Article conducts a critique of class-based affirmative action, identifying and problematizing the narrative that it tells about racial progress. The Article argues that class-based affirmative action denies that race is a significant feature of American life. It denies that individuals - and groups - continue to be advantaged and disadvantaged on account of race. It denies that there is such a thing called race privilege that materially impacts people’s worlds. Moreover, this Article suggests that at least part of the reason why class-based affirmative action has been embraced by those who oppose race-based affirmative action is precisely because it …
Race And Reform In Twenty-First Century America: Foreword, Trina Jones, Guy-Uriel Charles, Angela Onwuachi-Willig
Race And Reform In Twenty-First Century America: Foreword, Trina Jones, Guy-Uriel Charles, Angela Onwuachi-Willig
Faculty Scholarship
In November 2015, approximately two hundred activists, academics, and students from across the United States convened at Duke University School of Law for a conference entitled The Present and Future of Civil Rights Movements: Race and Reform in 21st Century America. Planning for the conference had commenced a year earlier, in the fall of 2014. At that time, the nation was reeling from the deaths of Rekia Boyd, Eric Garner, John Crawford III, and Michael Brown, among others. In addition to the killing of these unarmed Black men and women by law enforcement personnel, many people, particularly within the civil …
Adjudicating Risk: Aids, Crime, And Culpability, Aziza Ahmed
Adjudicating Risk: Aids, Crime, And Culpability, Aziza Ahmed
Faculty Scholarship
The AIDS epidemic continues to pose significant public health challenges, especially given that the spread of the virus outpaces the AIDS response.1 Importantly, HIV continues to disproportionately impact socially and economically marginalized communities. In countries with concentrated epidemics,2 it is racial minorities, sex workers, men who have sex with men, and drug users who face the brunt of the epidemic.3 In the United States, the data is startling4 : 44% of new infections were among African-Americans, and among African-Americans contracting HIV, 57% were among gay and bisexual men.5 In 2016, the CDC found that one …
Stops And Stares: Street Stops, Surveillance, And Race In The New Policing, Jeffrey Fagan, Anthony A. Braga, Rod K. Brunson, April Pattavina
Stops And Stares: Street Stops, Surveillance, And Race In The New Policing, Jeffrey Fagan, Anthony A. Braga, Rod K. Brunson, April Pattavina
Faculty Scholarship
The use of proactive tactics to disrupt criminal activities, such as Terry street stops and concentrated misdemeanor arrests, are essential to the "new policing." This model applies complex metrics, strong management, and aggressive enforcement and surveillance to focus policing on high crime risk persons and places. The tactics endemic to the "newpolicing"gave rise in the 1990s to popular, legal, political, and social science concerns about disparate treatment of minority groups in their everyday encounters with law enforcement. Empirical evidence showed that minorities were indeed stopped and arrested more frequently than similarly situated Whites, even when controlling for local social and …
Inclusion, Exclusion, And The "New" Economic Inequality, Olatunde C.A. Johnson
Inclusion, Exclusion, And The "New" Economic Inequality, Olatunde C.A. Johnson
Faculty Scholarship
Is racial inequality an unwelcome intruder to the new discourse on economic inequality? The present discourse on economic inequality emphasizes decades-long trends that have increased economic inequality, whether as a result of reoccurring features in the structure of capitalist economies or more recent changes in institutional, structural, and economic conditions. Researchers direct us to the rising fortunes of the top earners and asset holders relative to the rest, the declining fortunes of the middle class harmed by stagnating wages, and the declining share of industries (like manufacturing) in the economy. This new economic inequality discourse has preoccupied economists, garnered its …
Terry'S Original Sin, Jeffrey Fagan
Terry'S Original Sin, Jeffrey Fagan
Faculty Scholarship
In Mapp v. Ohio, the U.S. Supreme Court extended the due process protections of the exclusionary rule to include all "constitutionally unreasonable searches" that were done without a basis of probable cause. In the seven years after Mapp, when homicide rates in the U.S. nearly doubled, riots broke out in at least forty-seven U.S. cities. During the same era, a heroin epidemic gripped the nation's urban centers, giving rise to street drug markets and associated violence and pressures on law enforcement to curb those markets. As violence increased, a turn in the nation's political culture questioned Mapp's restraints on …
#Sayhername Captured: Using Video To Challenge Law Enforcement Violence Against Women, Amber Baylor
#Sayhername Captured: Using Video To Challenge Law Enforcement Violence Against Women, Amber Baylor
Faculty Scholarship
Recorded encounters between women of color and police officers have been invaluable in bringing the reality of these interactions into the living rooms of otherwise unknowing Americans. The recordings are instrumental pieces of documentation and evidence, with the power to impact verdicts and galvanize the domestic struggle for human rights outside of the courtroom. They also are fraught with ethical issues that must be addressed by attorneys and activists hoping they effect change. Complexities such as implicit biases, editing and sourcing of videos, anonymity for those attacked and bystanders, and vicarious trauma on affected communities complicate use of violent police …
What Once Was Lost Must Now Be Found: Rediscovering An Affirmative Action Jurisprudence Informed By The Reality Of Race In America, Lee C. Bollinger
What Once Was Lost Must Now Be Found: Rediscovering An Affirmative Action Jurisprudence Informed By The Reality Of Race In America, Lee C. Bollinger
Faculty Scholarship
This academic year has seen college and university students across America calling on their institutions to do more to create campus cultures supportive of African American students and other underrepresented minorities. There have been demands to increase faculty and student diversity, change curricular requirements, and adopt mandatory cultural sensitivity trainings. There have been efforts to rename buildings, remove images, and abandon symbols associating schools with major historic figures who were also proponents of slavery, segregation, or other forms of racism. As in all tumultuous periods for higher education, these events have provoked useful discussions about fundamental principles and brought to …
Group Threat, Police Officer Diversity And The Deadly Use Of Police Force, Joscha Legewie, Jeffrey Fagan
Group Threat, Police Officer Diversity And The Deadly Use Of Police Force, Joscha Legewie, Jeffrey Fagan
Faculty Scholarship
Officer-involved killings and racial bias in policing are controversial political issues. Prior research indicates that (perceived) group threat related to political mobilization, economic competition, and the threat of black crime are is an important explanations for variations in police killings across cities in the United States. We argue that a diverse police force that proportionally represents the population it serves mitigates group threat and thereby reduces the number of officer-involved killings. Count models support our argument. They show that group threat is largely driven by the threat of black crime. Black-on-white homicides increase officer-involved killings of African Americans but black-on-black …
Are Asian Americans Now White?, Frank H. Wu
Race, Class, And Access To Civil Justice, Sara Sternberg Greene
Race, Class, And Access To Civil Justice, Sara Sternberg Greene
Faculty Scholarship
After many years of inattention, policymakers are now focused on troubling statistics indicating that members of poor and minority groups are less likely than their higher-income counterparts to seek help when they experience a civil justice problem. Indeed, roughly three-quarters of the poor do not seek legal help when they experience a civil justice problem, and inaction is even more pronounced among poor blacks. Past work on access to civil justice largely relies on unconfirmed assumptions about the behavior patterns and needs of those experiencing civil justice problems. At a time when increased attention and resources are being devoted to …
The Thirteenth Amendment, Disparate Impact, And Empathy Deficits, Darrell A. H. Miller
The Thirteenth Amendment, Disparate Impact, And Empathy Deficits, Darrell A. H. Miller
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
"Just Another Little Black Boy From The South Side Of Chicago": Overcoming Obstacles And Breaking Down Barriers To Improve Diversity In The Law Professoriate, Michael Z. Green
"Just Another Little Black Boy From The South Side Of Chicago": Overcoming Obstacles And Breaking Down Barriers To Improve Diversity In The Law Professoriate, Michael Z. Green
Faculty Scholarship
As I reflected on my personal experience to help address the persistence of discrimination in legal academia, I chose to focus on five areas of discussion for the open mic portion of the program held at the Association of American Law Schools Cross-Cutting Program, “The More Things Change ...: Exploring Solutions to Persistent Discrimination in Legal Academia,” held on January 4, 2015, in Washington, D.C. First, I decided to address my personal development as an only child and male in a family of mostly black women struggling through the socioeconomic challenges of being poor and black. To add to that …
Blinding Prosecutors To Defendants’ Race: A Policy Proposal To Reduce Unconscious Bias In The Criminal Justice System, Sunita Sah, Christopher Robertson, Shima Baughman
Blinding Prosecutors To Defendants’ Race: A Policy Proposal To Reduce Unconscious Bias In The Criminal Justice System, Sunita Sah, Christopher Robertson, Shima Baughman
Faculty Scholarship
Racial minorities are disproportionately imprisoned in the United States. This disparity is unlikely to be due solely to differences in criminal behavior. Behavioral science research has documented that prosecutors harbor unconscious racial biases. These unconscious biases play a role whenever prosecutors exercise their broad discretion, such as in choosing what crimes to charge and when negotiating plea bargains. To reduce this risk of unconscious racial bias, we propose a policy change: Prosecutors should be blinded to the race of criminal defendants wherever feasible. This could be accomplished by removing information identifying or suggesting the defendant’s race from police dossiers shared …
The Color Of Our Shame: Race And Justice In Our Time, By Christopher J. Lebron, David B. Lyons
The Color Of Our Shame: Race And Justice In Our Time, By Christopher J. Lebron, David B. Lyons
Faculty Scholarship
Ideal theory seeks to identify the basic conditions of social justice but does not tell us how to achieve them. Christopher Lebron’s important new book The Color of Our Shame is a philosophically enterprising venture in non-ideal theory, suggesting how we might bring about racial equality in America. A reader who is passingly familiar with civil rights developments of the 1950s and 1960s might imagine that racial inequality is a disappearing vestige of past discrimination; so an essential step in Christopher Lebron’s argument is to establish that racial inequality remains a grave issue half a century later. That task is …
Threshold Liberty, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Threshold Liberty, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Faculty Scholarship
To ensure that the Thirteenth Amendment has modern application in a manner consistent with these important constitutional considerations and these cases, the Amendment should no longer be interpreted to prohibit the “badges and incidents” of slavery, a non-textual category of harms that is virtually limitless in scope and is therefore virtually limitless as a source of congressional action. Instead, drawing from the Amendment’s textual prohibitions against “slavery” and “involuntary servitude,” direct or functional limitations on physical mobility should be the touchstone for the enforcement power moving forward. To justify this proposal, this Article summarizes the Supreme Court’s Thirteenth Amendment jurisprudence, …
Michael Brown, Eric Garner, And Law Librarianship, Ronald E. Wheeler
Michael Brown, Eric Garner, And Law Librarianship, Ronald E. Wheeler
Faculty Scholarship
Professor Wheeler discusses the police killings of Michael Brown and Eric Garner. He posits that racialized fear is part of what fuels such violence and discusses examples of how racialized fear have impacted his personal life. Wheeler then discusses how and why law librarians can and should be prepared to discuss such events with their law library patrons.
Racial Mirroring, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Racial Mirroring, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Faculty Scholarship
“Racial mirroring” refers to efforts by one group to match the primary racial composition of another group. In contrast to racial balancing, which takes place when two groups are adjusted simultaneously to achieve a desired degree of racial equilibrium between them, racial mirroring occurs when the racial makeup of one group is adjusted so as to reflect the predominant racial identity of the second group. Employers and even federal courts engage in racial mirroring. For example, in order to generate trust among customers, employers have hired or promoted individuals of the same race as the employers’ primary customer base. Further, …
We All Do It: Unconscious Behavior, Bias, And Diversity, Ronald E. Wheeler
We All Do It: Unconscious Behavior, Bias, And Diversity, Ronald E. Wheeler
Faculty Scholarship
Mr. Wheeler suggests that many of our behaviors, in the workplace and elsewhere, are motivated by unconscious triggers and emotions, including racial biases. These behaviors, however, can be prevented by making conscious choices that enhance diversity.
Fairly Assessing Risk And Recidivism, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Fairly Assessing Risk And Recidivism, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Sikh's Public Relations Problem, Dawinder S. Sidhu
The Sikh's Public Relations Problem, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Obama's Looming Legal Trap In Afghanistan, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Obama's Looming Legal Trap In Afghanistan, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Faculty Scholarship
The president may create another Guantanamo -- in Afghanistan. Here's why it could backfire on him in a big way.
Segregating Workplaces By Religion, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Segregating Workplaces By Religion, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Faculty Scholarship
Many employers use dress codes to keep visibly religious employees out of sight. Now, the Supreme Court has a chance to end the practice.
Judging Opportunity Lost: Assessing The Viability Of Race-Based Affirmative Action After Fisher V. University Of Texas, Austin, Mario L. Barnes, Erwin Chemerinsky, Angela Onwuachi-Willig
Judging Opportunity Lost: Assessing The Viability Of Race-Based Affirmative Action After Fisher V. University Of Texas, Austin, Mario L. Barnes, Erwin Chemerinsky, Angela Onwuachi-Willig
Faculty Scholarship
In this Article, Mario Barnes, Erwin Chemerinsky, and Angela Onwuachi-Willig examine and analyze one recent, affirmative action case, Fisher v. University of Texas, Austin, as a means of highlighting why the anti-subordination or equal opportunity approach, as opposed to the anti-classification approach, is the correct approach for analyzing equal protection cases. In so doing, these authors highlight several opportunities that the U.S. Supreme Court missed to acknowledge and explicate the way in which race, racism, and racial privilege operate in society and thus advance the anti-subordination approach to equal protection. In the end, the authors suggest that, with regard to …
Holt V. Hobbs: Does A Muslim Prisoner’S Case Foreshadow The End Of Affirmative Action?, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Holt V. Hobbs: Does A Muslim Prisoner’S Case Foreshadow The End Of Affirmative Action?, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Victim Or Thug? Examining The Relevance Of Stories In Cases Involving Shootings Of Unarmed Black Males, Sherri Keene
Victim Or Thug? Examining The Relevance Of Stories In Cases Involving Shootings Of Unarmed Black Males, Sherri Keene
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Race, Place And Historic Moment – Black And Japanese American World War Ii Veterans: The G.I. Bill Of Rights And The Model Minority Myth, Taunya L. Banks
Race, Place And Historic Moment – Black And Japanese American World War Ii Veterans: The G.I. Bill Of Rights And The Model Minority Myth, Taunya L. Banks
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Post-Katrina Suppression Of Black Working-Class Political Expression, Taunya L. Banks
Post-Katrina Suppression Of Black Working-Class Political Expression, Taunya L. Banks
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Poor, Black And "Wanted": Criminal Justice In Ferguson And Baltimore, Michael Pinard
Poor, Black And "Wanted": Criminal Justice In Ferguson And Baltimore, Michael Pinard
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Moneyball Sentencing, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Moneyball Sentencing, Dawinder S. Sidhu
Faculty Scholarship
Sentencing is a backward- and forward-looking enterprise. That is, sen-tencing is informed by an individual’s past conduct as well as by the criminal jus-tice system’s prediction of the individual’s future criminal conduct. Increasingly, the criminal justice system is making these predictions on an actuarial basis, computing the individual’s risk of recidivism according to the rates of recidivism for people possessing the same group characteristics (e.g., race, sex, socio-economic status, education). The sentencing community is drawn to this statisti-cal technique because it purportedly distinguishes with greater accuracy the high-risk from the low-risk, and thereby allows for a more efficient allocation of …