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Articles 211 - 235 of 235
Full-Text Articles in Law and Race
Trial And Error: The Detroit School Segregation Case, Michigan Law Review
Trial And Error: The Detroit School Segregation Case, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Trial and Error: The Detroit School Segregation Case by Eleanor P. Wolf
A True Deliverance: The Joan Little Case, Michigan Law Review
A True Deliverance: The Joan Little Case, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of A True Deliverance: The Joan Little Case by Fred Harwell
To Set The Law In Motion: The Freedmen's Bureau And The Legal Rights Of Blacks, 1865-1868, Michigan Law Review
To Set The Law In Motion: The Freedmen's Bureau And The Legal Rights Of Blacks, 1865-1868, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of To Set the Law in Motion: The Freedmen's Bureau and the Legal Rights of Blacks, 1865-1868 by Donald G. Nieman
The Supreme Court: A Citadel For White Supremacy, Sidney Willhelm
The Supreme Court: A Citadel For White Supremacy, Sidney Willhelm
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Race, Racism and American Law by Derrick A. Bell, Jr.
Apartheid In America: A Historical And Legal Analysis Of Contemporary Racial Segregation In The United States, Michigan Law Review
Apartheid In America: A Historical And Legal Analysis Of Contemporary Racial Segregation In The United States, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Apartheid in America: A Historical and Legal Analysis of Contemporary Racial Segregation in the United States by James A. Kushner
South Africa: Using The Law To Establish And Maintain A Pigmentocracy, Rex S. Heinke
South Africa: Using The Law To Establish And Maintain A Pigmentocracy, Rex S. Heinke
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Human Rights and the South African Legal Order by John Dugard
Racial Prejudice And Scholarly Prejudice: New Confrontations At The Selma Bridge, J. Mills Thornton Iii
Racial Prejudice And Scholarly Prejudice: New Confrontations At The Selma Bridge, J. Mills Thornton Iii
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Protest at Selma: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 by David J. Garrow
Racial Preferences In Higher Education: Political Responsibility And The Judicial Role, Terrance Sandalow
Racial Preferences In Higher Education: Political Responsibility And The Judicial Role, Terrance Sandalow
Book Chapters
... Professors John Hart Ely and Richard Posner have established diametrically opposed positions in the debate. Their contributions are of special interest because each undertakes to answer the question within the framework of a theory concerning the proper distribution of authority between the judiciary and the other institutions of government
...Professor Ely [see pp. 208-216, herein] defends the constitutionality of racial preferences, essentially on the ground that the equal-protection clause should not be read to prevent a majority from discriminating between itself and a minority only to its own disadvantage. The predicate for an active judicial role is lacking, ... …
Employer Racial Discrimination: Reviewing The Role Of The Nlrb, Lawrence F. Doppelt
Employer Racial Discrimination: Reviewing The Role Of The Nlrb, Lawrence F. Doppelt
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
The NLRB and various commentators rely upon three basic legal arguments in rejecting this interpretation: first, the EEOC, and not the NLRB, is the sole and proper agency for litigating racial issues; second, employer racial discrimination does not interfere with the protected rights of employees under the Act, and third, it is not, and never was, Congress' intent in passing the Act to bring racial discrimination within its purview. Unquestionably, each of these legal arguments has, or at some time had, surface appeal, and, at one time, considerable force. The great mass of legal commentary supports at least one of …
Strangers In Paradise: Griggs V. Duke Power Co. And The Concept Of Employment Discrimination, Alfred W. Blumrosen
Strangers In Paradise: Griggs V. Duke Power Co. And The Concept Of Employment Discrimination, Alfred W. Blumrosen
Michigan Law Review
In March 1966, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) negotiated an extensive agreement with the Newport News Shipyard to eliminate employment discrimination. The outcome of these negotiations-which were conducted by the Office of Conciliations which I then headed-was the first major achievement for the EEOC under title Vll of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Following that episode, Ken Holbert, Deputy Chief of Conciliations, and I decided to try to negotiate a model conciliation agreement on the subject of discriminatory employment testing. We knew that many companies had introduced tests in the 1950's and early 1960's when they could no …
Constitutional Law--Equal Protection--Zoning--Snob Zoning: Must A Man's Home Be A Castle?, Michigan Law Review
Constitutional Law--Equal Protection--Zoning--Snob Zoning: Must A Man's Home Be A Castle?, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This Note will analyze and evaluate the legal theories that may be employed to attack snob zoning in the courts. First, the feasibility of attacking snob zoning via the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment will be examined. The second part of this Note will delineate alternative judicial responses to snob zoning that are couched in more conventional zoning-law terms.
Civil Rights--Segregation--Federal Income Tax: Exemptions And Deductions--The Validity Of Tax Benefits To Private Segregated Schools, Michigan Law Review
Civil Rights--Segregation--Federal Income Tax: Exemptions And Deductions--The Validity Of Tax Benefits To Private Segregated Schools, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
In granting the preliminary injunction, the district court found that plaintiffs were asserting a substantial constitutional claim and had a reasonable possibility of success. Balancing the equities of the parties, the court decided that the possibility of significant adverse effect on the Commissioner and schools awaiting tax benefits was not great and was in any event far outweighed by the harm which could result from a denial of the requested relief pendente lite. Thus, the court found that the threat of irreparable injury justified the issuance of a preliminary injunction. The propriety of the court's decision to grant a preliminary …
Racial Equality In Jobs And Unions, Collective Bargaining, And The Burger Court, William B. Gould
Racial Equality In Jobs And Unions, Collective Bargaining, And The Burger Court, William B. Gould
Michigan Law Review
In dealing with the problems of employment discrimination, the Burger Court will have to face several new and major issues. This Article is concerned with two of the most important of those issues. The first is whether the present requirement that workers seek redress of their grievances through the exclusive representation of the union is applicable to victims of racial discrimination; and if not, what other remedies should be available to those workers. The second is whether quotas and ratios based on race are permissible; and if so, whether it is required that they be used to integrate union leadership …
Systematic Exclusion Of Negroes From Selective Service Boards: Some Proposals For Reform, Michigan Law Review
Systematic Exclusion Of Negroes From Selective Service Boards: Some Proposals For Reform, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The concept of the local draft board is based on the theory that selection of persons for compulsory military service can be accomplished most fairly by small groups of neighbors of those who are to serve. As the National Office of the Selective Service recently stated: "Because of its comparatively long association with a registrant and knowledge of what he has done, the local board is relatively well qualified to evaluate his ability to perform," A corollary to this basic theory is that a more flexible selection process evincing greater sensitivity to the problems of individual registrants can be achieved …
The School Desegregation Cases In Retrospect—Some Reflections On Causes And Effects, Yale Kamisar
The School Desegregation Cases In Retrospect—Some Reflections On Causes And Effects, Yale Kamisar
Book Chapters
Recently, when asked to give a lecture on appellate advocacy, Justice Thurgood Marshall reminded his audience what Judge Benjamin Cardozo had once said: "The great tides and currents which engulf the rest of men do not turn aside in their course and pass judges by." An outstanding example, he might have added, is Brown v. Board of Education.
In a sense, the significant changes which have occurred in the Black man's status in the last two decades had their beginnings in the rise of numerically, and hence politically, important Black communities in the North. For the importance of civil rights …
The Warren Court And Desegregation, Robert L. Carter
The Warren Court And Desegregation, Robert L. Carter
Michigan Law Review
When Chief Justice ·warren assumed his post in October 1953, the underpinnings of the "separate but equal" concept had become unmoored beyond restoration. Full-scale argument on the validity of apartheid in public education was only weeks away, and the portent of change in the constitutional doctrine governing American race relations was unmistakable. Although the groundwork had been carefully prepared for the Chief Justice's announcement in Brown v. Board of Education that fundamental principles forbade racial segregation in the nation's public schools, the decision, when it was delivered on :May 17, 1954, was more than a break with the past. In …
Unconstitutional Racial Classification And De Facto Segregation, Joseph A. Milchen
Unconstitutional Racial Classification And De Facto Segregation, Joseph A. Milchen
Michigan Law Review
Classification along racial lines, when involving state action, is unconstitutional. Such classification may violate the due process or equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment or the fifteenth amendment, and it has been held invalid in the fields of education, transportation, voting, recreational facilities, ownership and use of real property, and jury selection.
Corporations-Nonprofit Corporations-Expulsion Of Member By Board Of Directors, Paul W. Eaton, Jr.
Corporations-Nonprofit Corporations-Expulsion Of Member By Board Of Directors, Paul W. Eaton, Jr.
Michigan Law Review
The board of directors of defendant, a nonprofit corporation, passed a resolution that persons should not be denied membership on racial, religious or political grounds. Plaintiff, a branch member of defendant, had enacted by-laws denying Negroes admission to its group. Defendant's board declared plaintiff's by-laws were in conflict with the resolution and threatened to expel plaintiff branch if its by-laws were not amended. Plaintiff brought suit to enjoin defendant from carrying out its threat. Held, injunction granted. No national by-law required admission of all races to membership in branches, nor did the national directors have power to expel a …
Constitutional Law-Equal Protection-Judicial Enforcement Of Race Restrictive Covenant, Charles B. Blackmar S.Ed.
Constitutional Law-Equal Protection-Judicial Enforcement Of Race Restrictive Covenant, Charles B. Blackmar S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The highest courts of Missouri and Michigan, and the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, had held that restrictions against occupancy of land by negroes were enforceable by injunction. On certiorari, held, reversed. Enforcement of such restrictions by state courts constitutes a denial of equal protection of the laws. Enforcement by courts of the District violates the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and also it is contrary to the public policy of the United States to allow a federal court to enforce an agreement which a state court could not constitutionally enforce. Shelley v. Kraemer, (U.S. …
Constitutional Law -Equal Protection - California Alien Land Law, J. R. Mackenzie
Constitutional Law -Equal Protection - California Alien Land Law, J. R. Mackenzie
Michigan Law Review
A Japanese alien paid for some agricultural land in California which was conveyed to his seven-year-old citizen son. All records indicated that the son owned the land, although the father, his guardian, managed it. The California Alien Land Law prohibits ownership of any interest in agricultural land by aliens ineligible for citizenship. Property acquired in violation of the statute escheats as of the date of acquisition as does land transferred "with intent to prevent, evade, or avoid escheat." This intent is presumed prima facie whenever an ineligible alien pays the consideration for a transfer of land to one who may …
Constitutional Law--White Primaries--Rice V. Elmore, Irving Slifkin S.Ed.
Constitutional Law--White Primaries--Rice V. Elmore, Irving Slifkin S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The right of the negro to vote has constantly been challenged in attempts to destroy or at least to control the exercise of that right. The Fifteenth Amendment secures the right to vote free from interference on a racial basis by the states or the national government. In the states where there is a large negro population varied efforts have been attempted in order to control and nullify the negro vote. These efforts have been manifested in various forms-the grandfather clause, property ownership requirements, the poll tax, character tests, and literacy tests.
Constitutional Law--Commerce Clause--Foreign Commerce--Validity Of State Statute Prohibiting Racial Discrimination By Carrier, Bruce L. Moore S.Ed.
Constitutional Law--Commerce Clause--Foreign Commerce--Validity Of State Statute Prohibiting Racial Discrimination By Carrier, Bruce L. Moore S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Appellant owns and operates two steamships for transportation of its patrons between Detroit and Bois Blanc Island, part of the Province of Ontario, Canada. The island is owned by appellant and operated as an amusement and recreation center for the people of Detroit. For refusal to transport a negro girl, appellant was prosecuted and convicted under the Michigan Civil Rights Act which provides that "All persons within the jurisdiction of this state shall be entitled to full and equal accommodations . . . facilities and privileges . . . of public conveyances on land and water . . . ," …
Carr: Federal Protection Of Civil Rights: Quest For A Sword, Michigan Law Review
Carr: Federal Protection Of Civil Rights: Quest For A Sword, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of FEDERAL PROTECTION OF CIVIL RIGHTS: QUEST FOR A SWORD. By Robert K. Carr.
Constitutional Law-Protection Of Civil Liberties-Federal Criminal Prosecution Of State Police Officers-Constitutionality And Construction Of Section 20 Of Criminal Code, George Brody
Michigan Law Review
In United States v. Classic the Civil Liberties Unit of the Department of Justice resurrected the long dormant section 20 of the United States criminal code to prosecute successfully election officials in Louisiana for altering and falsely counting ballots cast in a Louisiana primary for representatives to Congress. Although the acts of the defendants were also in violation of state law the court asserted that "misuse of power possessed by virtue of state law and made possible only because the wrongdoer is clothed with authority of state law, is action taken under color of state law" and therefore within the …
Municipal Corporations - Official Misconduct As Ground For Removal Of Officer, Leonard D. Verdier Jr.
Municipal Corporations - Official Misconduct As Ground For Removal Of Officer, Leonard D. Verdier Jr.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a member of the council of the city of Highland Park, Michigan, was removed by the council, as provided in the charter because of membership in the Black Legion. The Black Legion was a secret society founded on principles of racial, religious, and political discrimination. Its members took an oath to further these purposes by any means ordered by the officers of the organization, including violence and terrorism. Members were forbidden to expose the organization under penalty of death, and membership was supposedly permanent. The council found that membership in such a society rendered Wilson incompetent to perform the …