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Articles 121 - 150 of 363
Full-Text Articles in Law and Economics
When Brand Image Stabilizes Uncertainty: Towards Digital And Inclusive Strategies Based On Artificial Intelligence, Rhita Serir, Raja Temnati
When Brand Image Stabilizes Uncertainty: Towards Digital And Inclusive Strategies Based On Artificial Intelligence, Rhita Serir, Raja Temnati
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
In a context of profound transformation, contemporary marketing is evolving rapidly under the combined influence of digital transformation, artificial intelligence and Generation Z, whose behaviours are redefining consumption and communication norms. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic, global recession and market instability have increased the complexity and uncertainty faced by businesses. Strategic decision-making is becoming increasingly complex as technological tools multiply and consumer expectations diversify. Brand managers must therefore maintain coherence, relevance and credibility in unstable environments. Digital marketing emerges as a key strategic lever: integrating digital tools and artificial intelligence into communication and positioning strategies can improve audience …
The Effect Of Environmental Frugal Innovation On Consumers’ Eco-Responsible Behaviour In Togo, Preabalo Essokobré N’Danida, Doman Gnoufougou
The Effect Of Environmental Frugal Innovation On Consumers’ Eco-Responsible Behaviour In Togo, Preabalo Essokobré N’Danida, Doman Gnoufougou
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
This research examines the effect of environmental frugal innovation on consumers' eco-responsible behaviour. A mixed approach was adopted, using a questionnaire and a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Structural equation modelling results show that three dimensions—cost efficiency, functional simplicity and local embeddedness—have a positive and significant effect on consumers' eco-responsible behaviour, validating the corresponding hypotheses. By contrast, environmental impact and social impact do not show significant effects. The study concludes by identifying limitations and suggesting future research directions, particularly on how accessible and locally adapted innovations can encourage more responsible consumption in developing countries.
Human Capital, Gender And Labour Market Duality In Morocco: A Comparative Analysis Of Wage Earners And Non-Agricultural Self-Employed Workers, Zineb Nahmed, Malika Nahmed, Abdeljaoaud Ezzrari
Human Capital, Gender And Labour Market Duality In Morocco: A Comparative Analysis Of Wage Earners And Non-Agricultural Self-Employed Workers, Zineb Nahmed, Malika Nahmed, Abdeljaoaud Ezzrari
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
This article provides a comparative analysis of the socioeconomic situation of wage earners and non-agricultural self-employed workers in Morocco, based on data from the 2019/2020 National Survey on Sources of Income. Drawing on human capital theory, labour market segmentation, the institutional approach to informality and gender theories, the study highlights the inequality dynamics shaping access to employment, social protection and income. The results show that human capital has a positive effect on income, but that this effect is stronger among wage earners than among self-employed workers, who are often confined to informality. Labour market duality is particularly marked between formal …
Women Managers And Employee Well-Being In Guinea: What Role Does The Iglo Model Play In Workplace Resources?, Zinsou Daniel Nakou, Fatoumata Ibrahima Camara, Ibrahima Bah, Serge Francis Simen Nana
Women Managers And Employee Well-Being In Guinea: What Role Does The Iglo Model Play In Workplace Resources?, Zinsou Daniel Nakou, Fatoumata Ibrahima Camara, Ibrahima Bah, Serge Francis Simen Nana
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
This research examines the impact of women managers on employee well-being through a mediation model introducing the IGLO framework of workplace resources at the individual, group, leadership and organizational levels. The study adopts a quantitative hypothetico-deductive approach using data collected from 100,000 observations between 2022 and 2024 and processed with SPSS. The results show that a higher proportion of women managers is associated with improved employee well-being, notably through reduced work stress, higher work engagement, greater job satisfaction and stronger workplace cohesion. More broadly, women managers can act as agents of change by improving workplace resources at several levels, including …
Islamic Fintech And Financial Inclusion In Morocco: Perceptions, Uses And Prospects, Inas Bennani, Said Lotfi
Islamic Fintech And Financial Inclusion In Morocco: Perceptions, Uses And Prospects, Inas Bennani, Said Lotfi
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
Islamic FinTech is considered a potential lever for financial inclusion. This study identifies the factors that hinder or promote its development in Morocco. Using a mixed methodology, an online questionnaire was completed by 70 professionals from the financial, technological, institutional and academic sectors. Quantitative data were processed using SPSS, while responses to open-ended questions were analysed thematically using the framework proposed by Braun and Clarke (2006). This dual approach demonstrates the potential of Islamic FinTech in Morocco in terms of inclusion, particularly among entrepreneurs and women. The results point to barriers to adoption, including limited financial education, inadequate regulation and …
Associative Activists’ Engagement And The Professional Inclusion Of People With Disabilities In Morocco: Challenges And Prospects, Ahmed Belgaid
Associative Activists’ Engagement And The Professional Inclusion Of People With Disabilities In Morocco: Challenges And Prospects, Ahmed Belgaid
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
The professional inclusion of people with disabilities requires the involvement of several stakeholders whose contribution remains underexplored in the Moroccan context. This research highlights the role of non-profit organizations as partners in implementing inclusion policies for people with disabilities. In Morocco, given the lack of professional structures offering support services to companies, candidates and employees with disabilities, working with non-profit organizations appears to be a relevant alternative. Based on an exploratory qualitative methodology, the study examines the contribution of associative actors to the professional inclusion process and the role they play in facilitating recruitment, integration and retention. The results show …
Microfinance And Financial Inclusion: A Multilevel Analysis Of Barriers Related To Repayment Delays According To Individual And Regional Profiles – The Case Of Al Amana Microfinance, Meryem Massine, Hajar El-Mahdad, Youssef Bouazizi
Microfinance And Financial Inclusion: A Multilevel Analysis Of Barriers Related To Repayment Delays According To Individual And Regional Profiles – The Case Of Al Amana Microfinance, Meryem Massine, Hajar El-Mahdad, Youssef Bouazizi
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
This article examines the determinants of repayment delays in Moroccan microfinance using an original administrative database of 476,145 borrowers financed by Al Amana between 2010 and 2022. Combining count models and a multilevel approach, the analysis shows that repayment discipline results from a combination of individual, contractual and territorial factors. The findings indicate that women, older borrowers, more educated clients and borrowers with accumulated credit experience have significantly fewer arrears, while larger loan amounts, some marital profiles and agricultural activities increase the risk of delay. The multilevel model shows that 6.49% of the variance in arrears is explained by regional …
Towards Broader Responsibility? A Quasi-Experimental Analysis Of The Effect Of Foreign Ownership On Corporate Social Practices In Morocco, Youssef Bouazizi, Adil Cherkaoui, Mohammed Ghazouani
Towards Broader Responsibility? A Quasi-Experimental Analysis Of The Effect Of Foreign Ownership On Corporate Social Practices In Morocco, Youssef Bouazizi, Adil Cherkaoui, Mohammed Ghazouani
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
This article examines the impact of foreign ownership on firms' social performance in Morocco, a context marked by increasing non-financial requirements and an institutional framework still under development. Using World Bank Enterprise Survey data for 2013, 2019 and 2023, the study builds a composite social performance index focused on gender equality, continuous training and human capital development. To address selection bias linked to foreign ownership, the study applies propensity score matching to estimate the average treatment effect. The findings show that firms partially or majority-owned by foreign investors have significantly higher levels of social performance than comparable domestic firms. This …
Sustainable Solutions For Food Security In Djibouti: A Renewable Energy Initiative, Michaëlle Arielle Kouakep Tsoh, Tsoh Ekassi Gilbert, Thierry Césaire Kenmogne, Brice Pinga Tcheugoué, Justin Kouamo
Sustainable Solutions For Food Security In Djibouti: A Renewable Energy Initiative, Michaëlle Arielle Kouakep Tsoh, Tsoh Ekassi Gilbert, Thierry Césaire Kenmogne, Brice Pinga Tcheugoué, Justin Kouamo
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
According to the World Bank Group, East African countries have fragile food systems and low agricultural production. Djibouti is among the most undernourished countries in Africa and is severely affected by freshwater scarcity. Households regularly face climatic shocks and high electricity costs. This literature review characterizes Djibouti’s food systems and food security situation, identifies and analyzes renewable energy technologies implemented to improve food security in the local context, and presents renewable technologies as sustainable solutions to food insecurity. The results show that rural households are more likely to be food insecure and that the Djiboutian government promotes sustainable energy solutions. …
Reconfiguring Civil Society Organization Governance Models For Social Inclusion And Sustainable Innovation: Practical Contributions Of The Tamuri Programme, Oussama El Hadfi, Mostafa Kharbachi
Reconfiguring Civil Society Organization Governance Models For Social Inclusion And Sustainable Innovation: Practical Contributions Of The Tamuri Programme, Oussama El Hadfi, Mostafa Kharbachi
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
Today, civil society organizations (CSOs) play a decisive role in promoting social innovation and reducing inequalities, particularly in disadvantaged territories. Aware of their potential, several support and guidance schemes have emerged to strengthen their impact. The Tamuri programme, led by the Moroccan Center for Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship (MCISE) and co-funded by the European Union, is part of this dynamic through structured and personalized support for CSOs from diverse territorial contexts. Despite these efforts, many organizations still face difficulties related to governance, financial structuring and the sustainability of their actions. This article aims to analyze, through an empirical approach and …
Comparative Approach To Inclusion Models In Social Policies In Mena Countries, Taoufik El Idrissi, Omar Raji, Zouhir Tassi, Anas Ouachani
Comparative Approach To Inclusion Models In Social Policies In Mena Countries, Taoufik El Idrissi, Omar Raji, Zouhir Tassi, Anas Ouachani
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
Social inclusion policies in Global South countries vary widely according to political choices, historical contexts and development models. This paper provides a comparative analysis of inclusion models in social policies in the MENA region, drawing on human development theories and comparative institutionalism. It discusses three main paradigms: universalist inclusion, targeted inclusion and capacity-based inclusion. The analysis shows how inclusion logics are shaped by international agendas, internal political configurations and interactions between civil society and public actors. It also highlights the strengths and limits of each model in reducing social inequalities and opens a discussion on hybrid, locally grounded inclusive policies.
Editorial : Rethinking Public Policies And Management Practices Through The Lens Of Inclusion And Social Innovation, Fatima Zahra Alami, Adil Cherkaoui, Abdellatif Komat, Raja Temnati
Editorial : Rethinking Public Policies And Management Practices Through The Lens Of Inclusion And Social Innovation, Fatima Zahra Alami, Adil Cherkaoui, Abdellatif Komat, Raja Temnati
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
This editorial introduces a special issue of the Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management (REMADEG) devoted to selected contributions from the international conference “Rethinking Public Policies and Management Practices through the Lens of Inclusion and Social Innovation”, held on 13–14 February 2026 at the Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences of Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca. It presents the scientific context of the issue, the rigorous double-blind review process, and the main themes addressed by the eleven selected articles, including financial inclusion, social responsibility, public policy, social entrepreneurship, governance, territorial development and the inclusion of vulnerable …
Reflections On Pretrained Chatbots, Hassan Essoussi
Reflections On Pretrained Chatbots, Hassan Essoussi
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
No one can deny the development of artificial intelligence which creates a new version of robots that is modern and sophisticated, such as pre-trained chatbots. These chatbots are based on linguistic models designed for continuous interaction between the chatbot and its user. They can be used to search for information from various sources, both scientific and non-scientific. Moreover, chatbots raise many fundamental problems and questions about how to protect users of this linguistic model on the one hand, the legal nature of pre-trained chatbots on the second hand, and the civil liability of this modern form and its differences from …
Digitalization Of Medicine Through Telemedicine: The Legal Framework And Medical Liability, Samira Krourou
Digitalization Of Medicine Through Telemedicine: The Legal Framework And Medical Liability, Samira Krourou
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
This study examines telemedicine as a modern medical practice linked to the technological and informational advancements that humanity has witnessed and that have been positively integrated into the medical field. It has become possible to examine and treat patients without requiring their physical presence in a clinic or hospital, unlike the traditional approach, that necessitates the patient's presence and direct contact with their physician. Contemporary medical practice is no longer confined to examination and prescription alone; it has expanded to encompass more complex domains, notably enabling remote surgical interventions. In light of technological progress in medicine, it has become necessary …
The Notarial Profession Between Legal Roots And The Challenges Of Digital Modernization, Yassine Ait Ahmed
The Notarial Profession Between Legal Roots And The Challenges Of Digital Modernization, Yassine Ait Ahmed
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
This paper focuses on returning to the origins of the legal regulation of the notarial profession, which is linked to the development of mechanisms for the protection of rights and systems governing legal transactions. This protection symbolizes one of the official functions of the State and is manifested in the field of evidence, as the documents issued by this authority, by virtue of the legal powers vested in it, enjoy the status of official (authentic) instruments. This status has been further strengthened with the adoption of digitization, which has required its development in order to meet the expectations of digital …
The Independence Of Supervisory Authorities: A Comparative Analysis Of Morocco's Law 09-08 And The European General Data Protection Regulation, Zakariyae Hamdani, Karim Seffar
The Independence Of Supervisory Authorities: A Comparative Analysis Of Morocco's Law 09-08 And The European General Data Protection Regulation, Zakariyae Hamdani, Karim Seffar
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
The effectiveness of personal data protection presupposes the establishment of supervisory authorities endowed with substantial independence, guarantors of fundamental rights and capable of preventing the risks inherent in data processing. However, the comparison between the European GDPR and Moroccan Law No. 09-08 reveals a manifest institutional asymmetry. Indeed, European authorities operate within a substantially more comprehensive normative framework, characterised by enshrined autonomy, extended prerogatives and enhanced operational efficiency. Conversely, the Moroccan CNDP remains afflicted by structural deficiencies: institutional dependence, lack of coercive powers and budgetary insufficiency. Consequently, this comparative investigation aims to identify the cardinal principles likely to inform a …
Deepfake: A Practice On The Edge Of Legality, Bouthaïna Aaziz
Deepfake: A Practice On The Edge Of Legality, Bouthaïna Aaziz
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
Deepfakes – hyperrealistic videos manipulated using deep learning algorithms – raise significant legal challenges touching on human rights and legal governance. A deepfake usurps the identity of its victim to exploit their credibility and reputation. This article examines the applicable legal framework, first identifying pre-existing rules from Moroccan law (civil liability, personal data protection under Law No. 09-08, criminal provisions of the Penal Code and Press Law No. 88-13) that can be applied to deepfakes, and then advocating for the adoption of an adapted legal framework. The author distinguishes between creative deepfakes (requiring informed consent) and manipulative deepfakes (requiring criminal …
Gafam And Competition Law: The Premises Of Regulation, El Mahdi Taimouri
Gafam And Competition Law: The Premises Of Regulation, El Mahdi Taimouri
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
GAFAM are among those structural digital platforms whose ultra-dominant position in digital markets and the originality of their practices raise unprecedented competition issues. Their spontaneous tendency toward concentration results from the implementation of innovative business models based on massive data capture and exploitation through high-performance algorithms. The specificities inherent in these web giants raise questions about the ability of classical competition law rules to ensure efficient regulation. Indeed, competitive regulation of these platforms raises essential challenges and proves indispensable, even if the effective realization of such an undertaking appears laborious.
Requalification Of Employment Relations On Digital Platforms – Commentary On The Ruling Of The Social Chamber Of The French Court Of Cassation Of 4 March 2020, Appeal No. 19-13.316, Abdelhadi Al Hantali El Idrissi
Requalification Of Employment Relations On Digital Platforms – Commentary On The Ruling Of The Social Chamber Of The French Court Of Cassation Of 4 March 2020, Appeal No. 19-13.316, Abdelhadi Al Hantali El Idrissi
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
Despite the efforts made by legislators to facilitate the task of qualifying the employment contract for judges, the judge's role in this qualification process remains primordial, as they face hybrid and increasingly complex situations that may fall into several contradictory contractual categories not anticipated by the law. This article examines a landmark ruling by the Social Chamber of the French Court of Cassation of 4 March 2020 (Appeal No. 19-13.316), in which the Court confirmed the requalification of a partnership contract between an Uber driver and the company into an employment contract. The analysis is structured around three complementary phases: …
From Legal Norms To Algorithmic Rules: Reflections On Blockchain And Smart Contracts, Yassine Dourhani, Fatim Ezzahra Boussetta
From Legal Norms To Algorithmic Rules: Reflections On Blockchain And Smart Contracts, Yassine Dourhani, Fatim Ezzahra Boussetta
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
Blockchain technology and smart contracts are profoundly reshaping contract law by partially replacing traditional legal rules with algorithmic norms based on automation and self-execution. By embedding the parties' agreement into computer code deployed on a distributed ledger, these technologies promise enhanced security, certainty of performance, and the reduction of traditional intermediaries. However, this emerging algorithmic normativity confronts fundamental requirements of contract law, particularly those relating to validity, flexibility in the face of unforeseen events, and the protection of contracting parties. While automatic execution strengthens technical efficiency, it also exposes significant legal limitations, including the rigidity of code, the absence of …
The Legal Challenges Of Blockchain In Relation To The Legal Professions, Hind Tak-Tak, Hanane Jalal
The Legal Challenges Of Blockchain In Relation To The Legal Professions, Hind Tak-Tak, Hanane Jalal
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
Blockchain technology was initially conceived as a disintermediation tool based on algorithmic trust, aiming to challenge the traditional role of trusted third parties in legal and economic relationships. By relying on distributed, immutable, and transparent ledgers, blockchain claims to offer an alternative to centralized institutions, particularly in the fields of evidence, contracts, and authentication. However, a legal analysis demonstrates that this promise of disintermediation remains largely relative. While blockchain enables technical certification of data and the automated execution of obligations through smart contracts, it does not ensure valid contract formation, effective protection of the weaker party, or compliance with the …
Editorial : Digital Law, Karim Seffar
Editorial : Digital Law, Karim Seffar
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
This special issue of REMADEG explores the profound transformations undergone by law in the face of the digital revolution. The contributions interrogate the legal challenges posed by disruptive technologies, their implications for traditional legal institutions, and the normative responses needed to govern these transformations. Topics covered include blockchain and smart contracts, digital platform labor relations, GAFAM regulation through competition law, deepfakes, personal data protection authority independence, telemedicine liability, and pretrained conversational robots.
Civil Society Associations And The Environment, Mohamed Ali Mekouar
Civil Society Associations And The Environment, Mohamed Ali Mekouar
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
Presented in February 1987 and written in August of the same year, this paper examines the growing role of the associative movement in environmental protection, drawing on comparative law perspectives and situating the Moroccan case within the broader context of the global rise of environmental civil society. The author analyses the growth of environmental protection associations as a manifestation of a 'daily syndicalism' and a silent participatory revolution, reflecting the crisis of representative democracy and citizens' growing need for collective engagement in defence of their living environment, as attested by the emergence of global organisations such as IUCN, WWF, and …
The Institutional Means Of Environmental Protection In Morocco, Rachida Meziane
The Institutional Means Of Environmental Protection In Morocco, Rachida Meziane
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
This article analyses the institutional apparatus established in Morocco for environmental protection, in a context where the framework law on environmental protection and enhancement exists only in draft form, making the role of existing administrative structures all the more decisive. The author systematically inventories the environmental competences distributed among the various ministries (Interior, Agriculture, Public Health, Urban Planning, Maritime Fisheries) and specialised bodies, highlighting the institutional fragmentation characteristic of the Moroccan administrative landscape in environmental matters and the absence of a coordinating authority with real intersectoral arbitration capacity. The analysis focuses on the concrete environmental attributions of the Ministry of …
The Hunting Charge, Omar Mounir
The Hunting Charge, Omar Mounir
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
Written in the form of a deliberately polemical essay, this text challenges the very concept of the 'hunting permit' and proposes to replace it with that of the 'hunting charge', effecting a conceptual revolution with profound legal implications regarding the status of game and the rights and duties of hunters. The author denounces the dominant mentality of hunters who, armed with their paid permit, believe themselves authorised to harvest without limits or responsibilities, ignoring the biological cycles of game, the issues of species balance, and the fragility of the environment, and assimilating hunting to a simple 'purchased right' rather than …
Environmental Aspects Of The Fixed Link Project Across The Strait Of Gibraltar, Mohamed Ali Mekouar
Environmental Aspects Of The Fixed Link Project Across The Strait Of Gibraltar, Mohamed Ali Mekouar
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
Presented at the Seminar on Legal Aspects of the Europe-Africa Fixed Link Project across the Strait of Gibraltar (Madrid, December 1986), this report examines the environmental dimension of a project of unprecedented geopolitical, technical, and legal magnitude, whose impacts on the marine environment of the Strait remain largely understudied. The author notes that while feasibility studies have engaged significant scientific and technical resources, the ecological dimension has received only marginal attention, despite potentially considerable and irreversible impacts on the Strait's hydrodynamics, sedimentary flows, benthic and pelagic ecosystems, and marine species migration routes. The legal analysis examines Spain's and Morocco's international …
Law, Agriculture, And The Environment: Stimulating Production While Respecting Nature, Mohamed Ali Mekouar
Law, Agriculture, And The Environment: Stimulating Production While Respecting Nature, Mohamed Ali Mekouar
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
Presented at the seminar on 'Environmental Protection and Rational Management of Natural Resources' in Meknes in June 1987, this paper interrogates the capacity of law to reconcile the imperative of stimulating agricultural production with the requirements of environmental protection, from a comparative law perspective. The author starts from the historically ambivalent relationship between agriculture and nature: while agriculture long benefited from natural generosity, it has in recent decades — under the effect of misdirected economic incentives and demographic pressure — become one of the principal sources of natural equilibrium degradation, soil and water pollution, and biodiversity destruction. The legal analysis …
Solar Energy In The Shadow Of Moroccan Law, Mohamed Ali Mekouar
Solar Energy In The Shadow Of Moroccan Law, Mohamed Ali Mekouar
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
Presented at the round table organised in Marrakech for World Environment Day in June 1987 on 'Renewable Energies and the Environment', this paper analyses the legal treatment of solar energy in Moroccan law, in a global context marked by successive energy crises and growing awareness of the dead-end of fossil fuels. The author examines the paradox whereby the sun — a potentially unlimited energy source capable of satisfying 99% of humanity's energy needs — remains 'in the shadow' of the law, largely ignored by legal systems and maintained in a 'zone of non-law', even as its exploitation develops in various …
The Legal Protection Of Inland Waters In Morocco, Rahal Maarouf
The Legal Protection Of Inland Waters In Morocco, Rahal Maarouf
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
This article addresses a significant gap in Moroccan legal scholarship by examining the legal protection of inland water resources — both quantitative and qualitative — in a semi-arid country facing growing pressure on naturally limited resources subject to climatic variability. The author traces the evolution of the applicable normative framework from the foundational texts of the Protectorate to more recent legislation, and analyses the legal mechanisms for allocating water among competing users (irrigated agriculture, industry, drinking water supply), the inadequacies of the concession and use authorisation system, and the failures of the groundwater and watercourse pollution prevention and repression regime, …
Wetlands In Moroccan Law, Mohamed Ali Mekouar
Wetlands In Moroccan Law, Mohamed Ali Mekouar
Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)
Presented at the International Conference on Legal Aspects of Wetland Protection held in Lyon in September 1987, this paper systematically evaluates the status of wetlands in Moroccan law, highlighting both the richness and singular fragility of these natural environments and the inadequacy of the legal framework designed to protect them. The author defines wetlands rigorously in their morphological diversity (marshes, swamps, peatlands, floodplains, artificial water bodies) and exposes their fundamental ecological functions: synthesis between terrestrial and aquatic environments, wildlife refuge, natural water purification, hydrological regulation, and scientific, economic, recreational, and cultural values. The legal analysis inventories all Moroccan legislative and …