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Articles 31 - 53 of 53
Full-Text Articles in Internet Law
Mistaken Identity, Identity Theft And Problems Of Remote Authentication In E-Commerce, Eliza Mik
Mistaken Identity, Identity Theft And Problems Of Remote Authentication In E-Commerce, Eliza Mik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The problem of mistaken identity in e-commerce transactions brings together seemingly unrelated issues: privacy, network security, digital signatures – and classic contract law. The technological characteristics of the Internet have a tendency to turn traditional legal doctrines on their head, or, at least expose flaws in existing legal arguments. Combining an academic exercise with the practical implications of the insecurity of the Internet, this paper draws some unexpected conclusions regarding cases of mistaken identity. The latter must be analysed afresh with a number of factors in mind: the more widespread use of fictitious identities in on-line transactions, the higher incidence …
Defamation Via Hyperlinks: More Than Meets The Eye, Gary Kok Yew Chan
Defamation Via Hyperlinks: More Than Meets The Eye, Gary Kok Yew Chan
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Hyperlinks make the World Wide Web go round. They find and connect information and content from a wealth of sources on the web including, from time to time, defamatory material. Newton, the owner and operator of a website in British Columbia, posted an article entitled “Free Speech in Canada”. The article itself was not alleged to be defamatory of Crookes, a politician. However, it incorporated hyperlinks to other internet websites that contained defamatory material. Notwithstanding requests from Crookes and his lawyer, Newton refused to remove the hyperlinks. Did Newton’s act of hyperlinking to internet websites constitute “publication” of the defamatory …
The Future Of Digital Lockers, Warren B. Chik
The Future Of Digital Lockers, Warren B. Chik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This article discusses the legalissues and legitimacy of changing online data storage and delivery facilities.
From Clay Tablets To Ajax: Replicating Writing And Documents In Internet Transactions, Eliza Mik
From Clay Tablets To Ajax: Replicating Writing And Documents In Internet Transactions, Eliza Mik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This article addresses the absence of paper and the challenges of transposing the traditional legal concepts of “writing” and “document” into an environment consisting of interactive and interconnected files. Both “writing” and “documents” are concepts that rely on tangible carriers, such as paper. [FN1] Accordingly, legal principles involving either concept presume not only a certain durability, but also the stability and confinement of the information conveyed. What happens when writing is no longer contained on paper? Can writing exist without documents? Is it correct to speak of a “document” if its contents are transient and its scope is difficult to …
Google’S China Problem: A Case Study On Trade, Technology And Human Rights Under The Gats, Henry S. Gao
Google’S China Problem: A Case Study On Trade, Technology And Human Rights Under The Gats, Henry S. Gao
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Trade and human rights have long had a troubled relationship. The advent of new technologies such as internet further complicates the relationship. This article reviews the relationship between trade, technology and human rights in light of the recent dispute between Google and China from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Starting with an overview of the internet censorship regime in China, the article goes on to assess the legal merits of a WTO challenge in this case. First, the article discusses which service sector or subsectors might be at issue. Second, the article analyzes whether and to what extent China has …
The Google Conundrum: Perpetrator Or Facilitator On The Net? - Forging A Fair Copyright Framework Of Rights, Liability And Responsibility In Response To Search Engine 2.0 - Part Ii: The Google Books Search Project, Warren B. Chik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Is Google in its quest for search engine optimization through the creation of new technologies, which not only improves its search algorithms but also refines its search functions for users, doing it in a manner that makes it a perpetrator of primary copyright infringement or an invaluable facilitator for Internet functionality? How should the balance of interests in the treatment of creative works be recalibrated in the face of changes in search engine technology and operations, and the disputes that have arisen within the last decade in the context of the digital age and its needs? Using Google as a …
The Google Conundrum: Perpetrator Or Facilitator On The Net? - Forging A Fair Copyright Framework Of Rights, Liability And Responsibility In Response To Search Engine 2.0 - Part I: The Google Images Search Engine, Warren B. Chik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Is Google in its quest for search engine optimization through the creation of new technologies, which not only improves its search algorithms but also refines its search functions for users, doing it in a manner that makes it a perpetrator of primary copyright infringement or an invaluable facilitator for Internet functionality? How should the balance of interests in the treatment of creative works be recalibrated in the face of changes in search engine technology and operations, and the disputes that have arisen within the last decade in the context of the digital age and its needs? Using Google as a …
The Unresolved Legality Of Online Gambling In Singapore, Siyuan Chen
The Unresolved Legality Of Online Gambling In Singapore, Siyuan Chen
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This article addresses what appears to be a hitherto (legislatively and judicially) unresolved issue in a country where gambling is an established sub-culture – the legality of online gambling. The existing legislation does not provide direct answers, and as a result, the courts have not been given the opportunity to answer the question directly either. The police have previously made a few statements to the press and the media, but what should we make of them? While placing bets with unauthorised bookies (including those who operate their own website or use others’ websites) is clearly outlawed, leaving the offender with …
The Unimportance Of Being "Electronic" Or Popular Misconceptions About “Internet Contracting”, Eliza Mik
The Unimportance Of Being "Electronic" Or Popular Misconceptions About “Internet Contracting”, Eliza Mik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Existing e-commerce literature abounds with misconceptions regarding both technology and contract law. Long-standing legal concepts are adorned with “e-” or “cyber-” to appear more exciting. The traditional contractual regime issupplanted with new principles instead of being supplemented with technological considerations. It is one thing, to include technology in legal analyses, it is another to create separate, technology-specific categories. Separate categories justify the departure from traditional principles. Most, if not all, alleged “challenges” created by new communication scenarios fit within the existing legal framework, technological complexity and novelty of the Internet notwithstanding. Most “challenges” are also unrelated to the fact that …
Hart V Finnis: How Will Positivism And Natural Law Account For The Socio-Legal Paradigm In Wikipedia, Siyuan Chen
Hart V Finnis: How Will Positivism And Natural Law Account For The Socio-Legal Paradigm In Wikipedia, Siyuan Chen
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
There is little doubt that Wikipedia is one of the world’s most influential websites today – and its sphere of influence is set to grow in days to come. The evidence for this is strong. As of December 2010, Wikipedia is the Internet’s 6th most popular website (by virtue of the Alexa Traffic Rank), and it is also the most popular "general reference" site in cyberspace, with almost 4 million articles in the English language edition. It has been and will continue to be the flagship of Web 2.0, with every single edit being potentially scrutinised by a global audience, …
Some Technological Implications For Ascertaining The Contents Of Contracts In Web-Based Transactions, Eliza Mik
Some Technological Implications For Ascertaining The Contents Of Contracts In Web-Based Transactions, Eliza Mik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This paper points out some unexpected relationships between specific aspects of contract law and specific Internet-related technologies. The discussion is not about the interplay between “Law” and “Technology,” or the “Law” and the “Internet.” The aim is modest: to identify some theoretical chokepoints created by the technologies involved in web-based commerce and to point out the legal uncertainties persisting in this area. The analysis is confined to the process of contract formation, not to matters of substantive law. It is during this process that parties assume their contractual obligations and the contents of a contract crystallize.
Report Of The Law Reform Committee On Online Gaming And Singapore, Joyce A. Tan, Aqbal Singh, Yee Fen Lim, Wai Yee Wan, Warren B. Chik,
Report Of The Law Reform Committee On Online Gaming And Singapore, Joyce A. Tan, Aqbal Singh, Yee Fen Lim, Wai Yee Wan, Warren B. Chik,
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The terms “gaming” and “gambling” are fairly wide and they refer to a wide range of activities. Traditionally, the term “gambling” has been used to cover lotteries, wagers and casino-style games. “Gaming” has also been used traditionally in some literature to cover not only activities involving gambling but also games of skill or games predominantly of skill. However, in recent times, certain jurisdictions such as the United States (“US”) and Australia have drawn a distinction between “online gaming” and “online gambling”. The former is used to refer to games played in an online environment which do not have the elements …
Internet Intermediaries And Copyright Law In Singapore, Warren B. Chik, David Yong
Internet Intermediaries And Copyright Law In Singapore, Warren B. Chik, David Yong
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Thisarticle discusses Practice Direction No 2 of 2010 issued by the SubordinateCourts concerning the "ADR Form". It also reviews other jurisdictions’approaches towards encouraging the use of mediation.
‘Customary Internet-Ional Law’: Creating A Body Of Customary Law For Cyberspace. Part 2: Applying Custom As Law To The Internet Infrastructure, Warren B. Chik
‘Customary Internet-Ional Law’: Creating A Body Of Customary Law For Cyberspace. Part 2: Applying Custom As Law To The Internet Infrastructure, Warren B. Chik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The shift in socio-economic transactions from real space to cyberspace through the emergence of electronic communications and digital formats has led to a disjuncture between the law and practices relating to electronic transactions. The speed at which information technology has developed require a faster, more reactive and automatic response from the law that is not currently met by the existing law-making framework. This paper suggests the development of special rules to enable Internet custom to form legal norms to fulfill this objective. In Part 2 of this article, I will construct the customary rules to Internet law-making that are applicable …
'Customary Internet-Ional Law': Creating A Body Of Customary Law For Cyberspace. Part 1: Developing Rules For Transitioning Custom Into Law, Warren B. Chik
'Customary Internet-Ional Law': Creating A Body Of Customary Law For Cyberspace. Part 1: Developing Rules For Transitioning Custom Into Law, Warren B. Chik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The shift in socio-economic transactions from realspace to cyberspace through the emergence of electronic communications and digital formats has led to a disjuncture between the law and practices relating to electronic transactions. The speed at which information technology has developed require a faster, more reactive and automatic response from the law that is not currently met by the existing law-making framework. This paper suggests the development of special rules to enable Internet custom to form legal norms to fulfill this objective. In Part 1, I will describe the socio-economic problems and stresses that electronic transactions place on existing policy and …
Updating The Electronic Transactions Act? Australia's Accession To The Un Convention On The Use Of Electronic Communications In International Contracts 2005, Eliza Karolina Mik
Updating The Electronic Transactions Act? Australia's Accession To The Un Convention On The Use Of Electronic Communications In International Contracts 2005, Eliza Karolina Mik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This article discusses the Australian Government’s proposal to accede to the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts as well as certain amendments to existing Australian electronic transactions legislation, i.e. the Electronic Transactions Act (Commonwealth) 1999 (”ETA”) and its state equivalents. Without going into a detailed discussion of all suggested amendments, this article focuses on those recommendations, which affect the area of contract formation, in particular: the use of automated systems in on-line transactions and the determination of the time the contract comes into existence. A critical review of the proposed changes reveals that their …
Evaluating The Impact Of The Un Convention On The Use Of Electronic Communications In International Contracts On Domestic Contract Law: The Singapore Example, Eliza Mik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts (CUECIC or Convention) was adopted on 23 November 2005. Its essential objective is to establish uniform rules intended to “remove obstacles to the use of electronic communications in international contracts, including obstacles that might result from the operation of existing international trade law instruments, with a view to enhancing legal certainty and commercial predictability.” The Convention relies on the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (MLEC), which constitutes an e-commerce flagship project dating back to 1995. It also resembles UNCITRAL’s Convention …
The Effectiveness Of Acceptances Communicated By Electronic Means, Or – Does The Postal Acceptance Rule Apply To Email, Eliza Mik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The ‘traditional’ classi?cation into ‘instantaneous’ and ‘non-instantaneous’ methods of communication must be abandoned. As all Internet transmissions are instantaneous, the choice between the principle of receipt and the postal exception must be based on other criteria. The focus must be shifted from communication devices to the characteristics of the communication process. The latter resembles either dealings face-to-face or dealings at a distance. This simple division should remain the basis for all analyses. Instantaneity and control are two of many characteristics of face-to-face dealings and are not the only factors to be taken into account when making the choice between the …
The Networked Electorate: The Internet And The Quiet Democratic Revolution In Malaysia And Singapore, Hang Wu Tang
The Networked Electorate: The Internet And The Quiet Democratic Revolution In Malaysia And Singapore, Hang Wu Tang
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This paper is intended to be a contribution to the literature on claims of the democratising effect of the Internet. The paper begins by setting out the arguments and also critiques of claims of the democratising power of the Internet. In order to test the validity of these arguments, the author will undertake a comparative study of the impact of the Internet on recent general elections in Malaysia and Singapore. The study will demonstrate that in the case of Singapore, the Internet has merely exerted some pressure on the pre-existing laws and state-imposed norms governing free speech; in contrast, in …
Cyber-Trespass And 'Unauthorized Access' As Legal Mechanisms Of Access Control: Lessons From The Us Experience, Mary W. S. Wong
Cyber-Trespass And 'Unauthorized Access' As Legal Mechanisms Of Access Control: Lessons From The Us Experience, Mary W. S. Wong
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The common law doctrine of trespass to chattels has recently been revived and applied by courts in the United States (US) to cover intrusions (in the form of electronic signals) to computer systems connected to the Internet. These cases represent judicial recognition of the need to protect certain unwanted intrusions in cyberspace, though the principles developed therewith are remarkably expansive. As such, they overlap with the concept of ‘unauthorized access’ under computer misuse legislation in the US and elsewhere. This overlap has yet to be judicially acknowledged. Since the US, the United Kingdom and other common law countries not only …
Phishing With A Poisoned Bait, Warren B. Chik
Phishing With A Poisoned Bait, Warren B. Chik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This article discusses the problem of dealing with electronic fraud and identity theft under the current Singapore criminal law.
Bloggers Beware: The Five Commandments For Bloggers, Warren B. Chik
Bloggers Beware: The Five Commandments For Bloggers, Warren B. Chik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
There is a need for Singapore bloggers to be aware of legal issues arising from their online diaries, particularly in the light of the recent cases involving seditious remarks made online by bloggers that resulted in jail terms and fines; and earlier in the year, a dispute arose over allegedly defamatory speeches made by a blogger about A*STAR’s Chairman, Philip Yeo, which was resolved amicably, but not without an apology. The threats of legal repercussions in the form of civil lawsuits and criminal charges serve as reminders of the potential legal problems that can arise from blogging, and indeed from …
Proposed Anti-Spam Legislation Model In Singapore - Are We Losing The War Before Even Starting The Battle?, Warren B. Chik
Proposed Anti-Spam Legislation Model In Singapore - Are We Losing The War Before Even Starting The Battle?, Warren B. Chik
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Unsolicited messages have grown into an intractable parasite on the underbelly of an otherwise effectual and vibrant electronic communications regime. There has been a sudden surge in the enactment of anti-spam laws globally within the last couple of years. On 25 May 2004, the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore and the Attorney-General’s Chambers of Singapore jointly released a Consultation Paper on a Proposed Legislative Framework for the Control of E-mail Spam in Singapore. It is timely to consider the proposed anti-spam legislation model for Singapore in the light of such existing laws in other countries and their levels of effectiveness …