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International Law Commons

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International

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Articles 91 - 120 of 261

Full-Text Articles in International Law

Putting The Cisg Where It Belongs: In The Uniform Commercial Code, Kina Grbic May 2013

Putting The Cisg Where It Belongs: In The Uniform Commercial Code, Kina Grbic

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Business Exemption Of § 110(5) Of The Copyright Act Violates International Treaty Obligations Under Trips: Will Congress Honor Its Commitments?, Charles Leininger Apr 2013

The Business Exemption Of § 110(5) Of The Copyright Act Violates International Treaty Obligations Under Trips: Will Congress Honor Its Commitments?, Charles Leininger

Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary

No abstract provided.


The Collective Bargaining Chips Are Down: How Wisconsin’S Collective Bargaining Restrictions Place The U.S. In Violation Of International Labor Laws, Amanda Webster Jan 2013

The Collective Bargaining Chips Are Down: How Wisconsin’S Collective Bargaining Restrictions Place The U.S. In Violation Of International Labor Laws, Amanda Webster

University of Baltimore Journal of International Law

On the surface, the United States serves as an international advocate and supporter of the basic principles of the International Labor Organization, which are to promote social justice and human rights through globally humane working conditions. Yet, on a deeper level, there exists a strained and contradictory relationship between the U.S. and the ILO. Despite being the largest ILO member state and a principal policymaker, the U.S. continues to refrain from ratifying key international labor law treaties. This inaction enables U.S. state and federal bodies to enact and uphold legislation that directly violate existing international labor law obligations. U.S. laws …


Human Rights Litigation And The National Interest: Kiobel'S Application Of The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality To The Alien Tort Statute, Jonathan Hafetz Jan 2013

Human Rights Litigation And The National Interest: Kiobel'S Application Of The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality To The Alien Tort Statute, Jonathan Hafetz

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


Kiobel And Extraterritoriality: A Rule Without A Rationale, David L. Sloss Jan 2013

Kiobel And Extraterritoriality: A Rule Without A Rationale, David L. Sloss

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


Extraterritoriality And Human Rights After Kiobel, Beth Stephens Jan 2013

Extraterritoriality And Human Rights After Kiobel, Beth Stephens

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


Kiobel, Unilateralism, And The Retreat From Extraterritoriality, Austen L. Parrish Jan 2013

Kiobel, Unilateralism, And The Retreat From Extraterritoriality, Austen L. Parrish

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


The Alien Tort Statute As Transnational Law, Jaye Ellis Jan 2013

The Alien Tort Statute As Transnational Law, Jaye Ellis

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


The Contradiction Between Alien Tort Statute Jurisprudence And The Continued Immunity Of U.S. Officials For Acts Of Torture Committed Abroad, Jules Lobel Jan 2013

The Contradiction Between Alien Tort Statute Jurisprudence And The Continued Immunity Of U.S. Officials For Acts Of Torture Committed Abroad, Jules Lobel

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


Disparate Protections For American Human Trafficking Victims , Amanda Peters Jan 2013

Disparate Protections For American Human Trafficking Victims , Amanda Peters

Cleveland State Law Review

The federal government places victims, for the purpose of receiving protections, into two categories: first, international victims and second, American citizens or permanent residents. If an international trafficking victim qualifies to receive services as a result of having been trafficked, the United States will provide refugeelike protections through the TVPA. These protections include housing, food, cash assistance, job training, counseling, medical care, legal assistance, and other services that are available for a period of several years. Victims who are Americans, on the other hand, must find protection elsewhere. The United States government specifically excludes its own trafficked citizens from receiving …


Jurisdictional Standards (And Rules), Adam I. Muchmore Jan 2013

Jurisdictional Standards (And Rules), Adam I. Muchmore

Faculty Scholarship

This Article uses the jurisprudential dichotomy between two opposing types of legal requirements — “rules” and “standards” — to examine extraterritorial regulation by the United States. It argues that there is natural push toward standards in extraterritorial regulation because numerous institutional actors either see standards as the best option in extraterritorial regulation or accept standards as a second-best option when their first choice (a rule favorable to their interests or their worldview) is not feasible.

The Article explores several reasons for this push toward standards, including: statutory text, statutory interpretation theories, the nonbinary nature of the domestic/foreign characterization, the tendency …


American Parent Bank Liability For Foreign Branch Deposits: Which Party Bears Sovereign Risk?, Adam Telanoff Nov 2012

American Parent Bank Liability For Foreign Branch Deposits: Which Party Bears Sovereign Risk?, Adam Telanoff

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.


Regulatory Conflicts: International Tender And Exchange Offers In The 1990s, John C. Maguire Nov 2012

Regulatory Conflicts: International Tender And Exchange Offers In The 1990s, John C. Maguire

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.


International Activity And Domestic Law, Adam I. Muchmore Nov 2012

International Activity And Domestic Law, Adam I. Muchmore

Faculty Scholarship

This invited essay explores the ways States use their domestic laws to regulate activities that cross national borders. Domestic-law enforcement decisions play an underappreciated role in the development of international regulatory policy, particularly in situations where the enforcing State's power to apply its law extraterritorially is not contested. Collective action problems suggest there will be an undersupply of enforcement decisions that promote global welfare and an oversupply of enforcement decisions that promote national welfare. These collective action problems may be mitigated in part by government networks and other forms of regulatory cooperation.


Cross-Border Ip Infringement: Patents, Marketa Trimble Jul 2012

Cross-Border Ip Infringement: Patents, Marketa Trimble

Boyd Briefs / Road Scholars

Professor Marketa Trimble presented these materials at the CASRIP 20th Anniversary / IP LLM 10th Anniversary IP-across Topic Scholarship Conference on July 28, 2012.


An End To The Violence: Justifying Gender As A "Particular Social Group", Suzanne Sidun Jul 2012

An End To The Violence: Justifying Gender As A "Particular Social Group", Suzanne Sidun

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.


Proposal For An International Convention On Online Gambling, Marketa Trimble Jun 2012

Proposal For An International Convention On Online Gambling, Marketa Trimble

Scholarly Works

The proposal, which will be published as a chapter in a volume from the Internet Gaming Regulation Symposium co-organized by the William S. Boyd School of Law of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, in May 2012, presents the outline of an international convention ('Convention') that will facilitate cooperation among countries in enforcement of their online gambling regulations while allowing the countries to maintain their individual legal approaches to online gambling. Countries continue to vary in their approaches - some permit and regulate, and others prohibit online gambling, and even countries that permit and regulate online gambling approach the issue …


East Meets West: An International Dialogue On Mediation And Med-Arb In The United States And China, Thomas J. Stipanowich, Jung Yang, Jay Welsh, Chen Qiming, Peter Robinson, Tan Jinghui, Chen Guang, Jeff Kichaven, Denise Madigan, Wang Hongsong, Zhang Jianhua Feb 2012

East Meets West: An International Dialogue On Mediation And Med-Arb In The United States And China, Thomas J. Stipanowich, Jung Yang, Jay Welsh, Chen Qiming, Peter Robinson, Tan Jinghui, Chen Guang, Jeff Kichaven, Denise Madigan, Wang Hongsong, Zhang Jianhua

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

This Second Beijing Arbitration Commission (BAC)/Straus Institute for Dispute Resolution International Videoconference, following up on last year's successful inaugural program, will provide different perspectives on the current BAC initiative and evolving attitudes toward mediation and med-arb. Topics include: (1) the development and current state of business mediation in the U.S.; (2) the challenges and opportunities confronting China in developing stand-alone business mediation; (3) reflections on the skills necessary for mediators; (4) common pitfalls in mediation; (5) perspectives on med-arb (as opposed to stand-alone mediation); and (6) how to most effectively use mediation in conjunction with arbitration procedures.


Doping Control, Mandatory Arbitration, And Process Dangers For Accused Athletes In International Sports , Maureen A. Weston Feb 2012

Doping Control, Mandatory Arbitration, And Process Dangers For Accused Athletes In International Sports , Maureen A. Weston

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

Athletes in a professional sports league in the United States are members of players unions, which assist their athletes in obtaining representation when they are involved in dispute resolution proceedings associated with disciplinary actions. However, individual athletes who participate in international competitions do not enjoy the same benefits. When these athletes are required to submit to mandatory drug testing, with attendant potential criminal liability, and to mandatory arbitration, they should be provided meaningful access to competent legal representation when their athletic careers are in jeopardy. This article considers the legal framework, process, and recourse for athletes in international competition to …


Exporting Waste: Regulations Of The Export Of Hazardous Wastes From The United States, Jeffrey M. Gaba Feb 2012

Exporting Waste: Regulations Of The Export Of Hazardous Wastes From The United States, Jeffrey M. Gaba

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.


Mitigating Global Climate Change: Designing A Dynamic Convention To Combat A Dynamic Risk, Phillip M. Kannan Feb 2012

Mitigating Global Climate Change: Designing A Dynamic Convention To Combat A Dynamic Risk, Phillip M. Kannan

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.


Apportioning Responsibility Among Joint Tortfeasors For International Law Violations, Roger P. Alford Jan 2012

Apportioning Responsibility Among Joint Tortfeasors For International Law Violations, Roger P. Alford

Pepperdine Law Review

With the new wave of claims against corporations for human rights violations – particularly in the context of aiding and abetting government abuse – there are unusually difficult problems of joint tortfeasor liability. In many circumstances, one tortfeasor – the corporation – is a deep-pocketed defendant, easily subject to suit, but only marginally involved in the unlawful conduct. Another tortfeasor – the sovereign – is a central player in the unlawful conduct, but, with limited exceptions, is immune from suit under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act. A third tortfeasor – the low-level security personnel – accused of actually committing the …


“Injustice Anywhere Is A Threat To Justice Everywhere” Internal Vs. International Armed Conflicts: Should The Distinction Be Eliminated?, Laura Chafey Jan 2012

“Injustice Anywhere Is A Threat To Justice Everywhere” Internal Vs. International Armed Conflicts: Should The Distinction Be Eliminated?, Laura Chafey

University of Baltimore Journal of International Law

This article discusses international humanitarian law, particularly the Geneva Conventions and its Additional Protocols. It analyzes the rights of protected persons under the Geneva Conventions, such as prisoners of war and civilians, as well as the obligations of States during armed conflicts. Furthermore, the article points out the flaws in the Geneva Conventions, such as the discrepancy between the obligations of States during an international armed conflict vs. during an internal armed conflicts. It argues that this distinction between international and internal armed conflicts should be eliminated and that States’ obligations should be the same for both conflicts.


Penalty Clauses And The Cisg, Jack Graves Jan 2012

Penalty Clauses And The Cisg, Jack Graves

Scholarly Works

Commercial agreements often provide for “fixed sums” payable upon a specified breach. Such agreements are generally enforced in civil law jurisdictions. In contrast, the common law distinguishes between “liquidated damages” and “penalty” clauses, enforcing the former, while invalidating the latter as a penalty. The UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) does not directly address the payment of “fixed sums” as damages, and the validity of “penalty” clauses has, traditionally, been relegated to otherwise applicable domestic national law under CISG Article 4. This traditional orthodoxy has recently been challenged—suggesting that the fate of a penalty clause …


The Wti Incinerator: The Rcra Citizen Suit And The Emergence Of Environmental Human Rights, Hallie L. Shipley Jan 2012

The Wti Incinerator: The Rcra Citizen Suit And The Emergence Of Environmental Human Rights, Hallie L. Shipley

Global Business Law Review

The WTI Incinerator currently operates in East Liverpool, Ohio, burning toxic waste despite a district court ruling that held it posed an imminent and substantial risk to both human health and the environment. Unfortunately for the Ohio plaintiffs, the Circuit Court of Appeals in this case misinterpreted the RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) Citizen suit provision, barring any remedy for the Ohio citizens who brought the suit. This flawed interpretation has been adopted nationwide by other Appellate Circuit Courts. This article compares the remedies available to U.S. citizens for environmental harms with those remedies available to the citizens under …


Painting Ourselves Into A Corner: The Fundamental Paradoxes Of Modern Warfare In Al Maqaleh V. Gates, Ashley C. Nikkel Jan 2012

Painting Ourselves Into A Corner: The Fundamental Paradoxes Of Modern Warfare In Al Maqaleh V. Gates, Ashley C. Nikkel

Nevada Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Penalty Clauses And The Cisg, Jack Graves Jan 2012

Penalty Clauses And The Cisg, Jack Graves

Scholarly Works

Commercial agreements often provide for “fixed sums” payable upon a specified breach. Such agreements are generally enforced in civil law jurisdictions. In contrast, the common law distinguishes between “liquidated damages” and “penalty” clauses, enforcing the former, while invalidating the latter as a penalty. The UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) does not directly address the payment of “fixed sums” as damages, and the validity of “penalty” clauses has, traditionally, been relegated to otherwise applicable domestic national law under CISG Article 4. This traditional orthodoxy has recently been challenged—suggesting that the fate of a penalty clause …


"The End Of The Beginning?": A Comprehensive Look At The U.N.'S Business And Human Rights Agenda From A Bystander Perspective, Jena Martin Amerson Jan 2012

"The End Of The Beginning?": A Comprehensive Look At The U.N.'S Business And Human Rights Agenda From A Bystander Perspective, Jena Martin Amerson

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

With the endorsement of the Guiding Principles regarding the issue of business and human rights, an important chapter has come to a close. Beginning with the then U.N. Secretary-General’s “global compact” speech in 1999, the international legal framework for business and human rights has undergone tremendous change and progress. Yet, for all these developments, there has been no exhaustive examination in the legal academy of all of these events; certainly there is no one piece that discusses or analyzes all the major instruments that have been proposed and endorsed by the U.N. on the subject of business and its relationship …


An Institutional Defense Of Antitrust Immunity For International Airline Alliances, Gabriel S. Sanchez Jan 2012

An Institutional Defense Of Antitrust Immunity For International Airline Alliances, Gabriel S. Sanchez

Catholic University Law Review

No abstract provided.


Private Equity Investment In The Brics, Andreas Woeller Jan 2012

Private Equity Investment In The Brics, Andreas Woeller

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

This Article investigates the legal and economic environment for private equity investments in Brazil, Russia, India and China (“BRIC”). In contrast with disappointing returns in the 1990s, private equity investment has soared in developing countries over the past decade. To explain what has led to the recent success of private equity in the BRICs, this Article will first give an overview of the challenges faced generally when investing in portfolio companies in developing markets and then analyze the legal and economic framework for each of the four BRICs. This Article finds that Brazil and China offer the best opportunities for …