International Law Commons^™

Pluralism And Universalism In European Human Rights Law, Paolo G. Carozza

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Introduction And Postscript: Partial Progress On Un Reform, Douglass Cassel

Journal Articles

The conference on Reforming the United Nations: The use of force to safeguard international security and human rights, co-sponsored by Northwestern University School of Law and the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Faculty of Law as their Fourth Annual Transatlantic Dialogue, was held in January 2005.

Its timing was propitious. It was held one month after publication of the report of the prestigious and geographically diverse High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges, and Change, appointed by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. Among many other proposals to reform the UN, the High-Level Panel recommended expansion of the Security Council, new guidelines for use of force …

Balancing Security And Human Rights: Post 9/11 Reactions In United States And Europe, Chiara Giorgetti

Law Faculty Publications

The acts of 11 September 2001 demonstrated how vulnerable civilians are; in any part of the world, to terrorist attacks. This awareness led to a determined response by the international community to fight international terrorism iri all its forms. As governments and international organizations alike reevaluated the effectiveness and appropriateness of their counter-terrorist measures, the challenge emerged of conducting the fight against terrorism while respecting human rights and civil liberties. In fact, the wide consensus that actions are necessary to confront terrorism does not undermine the necessity to balance human rights considerations and preserve the democratic process.

As portrayed throughout …

Differing Conceptions Of Development And The Content Of International Development Law, Daniel D. Bradlow

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

International development law is the branch of international law that deals with the rights and duties of states and other actors in the development process. Its original content was premised on a particular generally accepted understanding of development. Under the pressure of the problems of development that arose during the 1970s and 1980s, this general agreement on the key issues in development disintegrated. As a consequence, the consensus on the content of international development law also began to break down.

Today, there are competing idealized views of development that shape the current debate about both development, and the content of …

Review Of Human Rights: Between Idealism And Realism, Steven R. Ratner

Reviews

For centuries, moral philosophers have regarded ethics and justice in the international plane as part of their domain. The move from the personal to the societal or national to the global seems effortless. In recent years, philosophers in ethics have devoted considerable attention to the ethical significance of nationality and patriotism, asking whether an impartial morality permits better treatment of an individual’s co-nationals; while those in politics have revisited issues of international justice through, for instance, works on human rights and just war theory. These two bodies of work both address what constitutes a just world and what role the …

Foreword: Rethinking Reconstruction After Iraq, Diane Marie Amann

Scholarly Works

Foreword to a symposium held on March 12, 2004 by the UC Davis Journal of International Law & Policy. Entitled “Rethinking Reconstruction After Iraq,” the symposium was designated a regional meeting of the American Society of International Law and the American Branch of the International Law Association, and further was sponsored by the American National Section of the International Association of Penal Law and the International Human Rights Committee of the Bar Association of San Francisco.

Using "Norms" To Change International Law: Un Human Rights Laws Sneaking In Through The Back Door, Troy A. Rule

Faculty Publications

For decades, multinational businesses have self-regulated their operations with respect to human rights, largely unfettered by international law. In recent years, however, human rights groups have advocated that the United Nations (“UN”) create clear legal obligations for multinationals respecting their human rights-related conduct. At least partly due to the substantial burden such obligations could place on international businesses, these efforts by human rights proponents have proven largely fruitless--until now.On August 13, 2003, the UN Sub-commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights adopted the Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with Regard to Human …

Inadequate Housing, Israel, And The Bedouin Of The Negev, Tawfiq S. Rangwala

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

This article examines Israel's treatment of its Arab Bedouin citizens living in the Negev desert through the lens of the international human right to adequate housing. The Negev Bedouin, an agrarian indigenous community, is the most socially, politically and economically disadvantaged segment of the Arab minority in Israel. Their precarious situation is rooted primarily in Israeli land planning pursuits that have ignored Bedouin land claims in favor of settlement programs reserved exclusively for the majority population. This article documents the manner in which the overarching legal and political character of the state has led to the development of a legislative, …

Human Development Challenges In Africa: A Rights-Based Approach, Dejo Olowu

San Diego International Law Journal

This paper examines this plethora of questions and attempts to move the theory of human development in Africa beyond the traditional confines of its macroeconomic and political propositions. The paper assesses the concept of human development within the broader discourse on the role of human rights in global development, highlighting the overall African context of the subject. Against the backdrop of remarkably increasing scholarly efforts aimed at establishing human development as a human rights question, this paper evaluates the capacity of existing and emerging human rights frameworks relevant to Africa, and identifies viable trajectories for result-oriented human development actions.

Hong Kong Right Of Abode: Ng Siu Tung & (And) Others V. Director Of Immigration - Constitutional And Human Rights At The Mercy Of China, Teresa Martin

San Diego International Law Journal

This Comment argues that the Court's refusal to sidestep the Standing Committee's reinterpretation using either the Doctrine of Legitimate Expectation, or the judgments previously rendered clause in the Basic Law, signifies its capitulation to the Standing Committee, and its inability to protect constitutional rights and/or human rights in Hong Kong. This Comment will first give a brief background on the concept of one country, two systems and the drafting of the basic law. Second, it will introduce the Right of Abode cases, and explain the constitutional crisis of 1999. Third, it analyzes Ng Siu Tung & Others v. Director of …

From The Nuremberg Charter To The Rome Statute: Defining The Elements Of Crimes Against Humanity, Mohamed Elewa Badar

San Diego International Law Journal

The purpose of this study is to examine the past and present contours of the prohibition of "crimes against humanity", analyzing and scrutinizing the essential elements of this crime, with a view to obtaining and drawing together basic criteria that could eventually guide the adjudication of this offence. Furthermore, this clarification of "crimes against humanity" is particularly timely with respect to the soon functioning International Criminal Court (ICC).

Human Rights Approaches Of Corruption Control Mechanisms - Enhancing The Hong Kong Experience Of Corruption Prevention Strategies, C. Raj Kumar

San Diego International Law Journal

This Article is intended to make a case for promoting transparency in governance policies from a human rights perspective so as to argue for the development of a human right to good governance in Hong Kong. Secondly, it analyzes the work of the Independent Commission against Corruption (ICAC) in Hong Kong and addresses certain concerns in improving the efficiency of the ICAC. Thirdly, it argues that rights against corruption in Hong Kong should move beyond a law enforcement and public policy issue and attain the status of a human right. Fourthly, this Article examines the growth and development of international …

Soldiers Of Semipalatinsk: Seeking A Theory And Forum For Legal Remedy, Anne Miers Kammer

San Diego International Law Journal

This Comment will address the unique dilemma of individuals in Kazakhstan whose health has been compromised by the former Soviet Union's 40-year period of nuclear testing on what is now Kazakhstan soil. The principal legal analysis of this Comment will focus on the availability of remedies (in the form of monetary damages available through legal resolution) to the citizens and/or state of Kazakhstan, and potential judicial forums in which to seek those remedies. Particular attention will be paid to the comparative likelihood of successful remedial legal action if pursued by a private class of Kazakhstan citizens versus action pursued by …

Charterwithout Borders? The Supreme Court Of Canada, Transnational Crime And Constitutional Rights And Freedoms, Robert J. Currie

Dalhousie Law Journal

The first decades of the Supreme Court of Canada's Charter jurisprudence have coincided roughly with an increase in the extent to which Canada is affected by transnational crime and the nation s consequential participation in inter-state efforts to combat it. The Court itself has remarked on its discrete "jurisprudence on matters involving Canada's international co-operation in criminal investigations and prosecutions." This article examines the Court s adoption of a different approach to Charter analysis in cases involving transnational elements and surveys where the Court has "drawn the line" in terms of Charter application. By way of analyzing jurisprudence on exclusion …

Democracy In Hong Kong: Hearing Before The Subcomm. On East Asian And Pacific Affairs Of The S. Comm. On Foreign Relations, 108th Cong., Mar. 4, 2004 (Statement Of Professor James V. Feinerman, Geo. U. L. Center), James V. Feinerman

Testimony Before Congress

No abstract provided.

Brief Of International Law And Jurisdiction Professors As Amici Curiae Supporting Petitioners, Rasul V. Bush, Nos. 03-334 & 03-343 (U.S. Jan. 12, 2004), Barry E. Carter

U.S. Supreme Court Briefs

No abstract provided.

Rights, Culture, And Crime: The Role Of Rule Of Law For The Women Of Afghanistan, Mark A. Drumbl

Scholarly Articles

This Article explores the role of rule of law in redressing crimes and human rights abuses committed against the women of Afghanistan. Mainstream discourse approaches the situation binarily, obliging women to choose between international and often distant human rights, on the one hand, or proximate cultural/religious norms, on the other, in order to adjudicate gender crimes. This can lead either to externalized justice or, in the case of the implementation of Afghan local law, to renewed victimization of women in the name of redressing abuses suffered by other women. Local law in Afghanistan is reflected in codes such as the …

Litigating Humanrights Abuses In United States Courts: Recent Developments, Elizabeth F. Defeis

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

During the last quarter of a century, litigation in United States courts to address human rights abuses that occur beyond the shores of the United States has increased dramatically.

Playing Hide And Seek With International Justice: What Went Wrong In Indonesia And East Timor, Stefanie Frease

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

In discussing the justice processes used in Indonesia and East Timor to hold individuals accountable for serious violations of international law com- mitted in East Timor, it is important to emphasize that the problems are rooted in politics not the rule of law.

Early American Conflicts And Modern African Practices: A Comparative Commentary On Constitutionalism, Gloria J. Browne-Marshall

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

I am most honored to introduce this panel titled African Countries at the Crossroads of Human Rights Development, the Rule of Law, and Economic Priorities.

The International Human Rights & Ethical Aspects Of The Forum Non Conveniens Doctrine, Francisco Forrest Martin

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Access To Health, Natalie Huls

Human Rights & Human Welfare

Access to health is an often-overlooked aspect of the right to health. Without practical access, the right to health becomes an empty promise. International human rights conventions and declarations do not directly mention access to health, but the above comment on the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights does address the issue.

Retrospective Justice Or Retroactive Standards? Human Rights As A Sword In The East German Leaders Case, Brad R. Roth

Law Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.

The Ethnic Greeks Of Turkey: The Present Situation Of The Greek Minority And Turkey's Human Rights Obligations Under International, Steven S. Skenderis

St. Thomas Law Review

In 1923, the Treaty of Lausanne ended the Greek-Turkish war of 1919-1922 and established two distinct minorities in both Greece and Turkey after a convention signed at the same time provided for the compulsory exchanges of populations; about a million and a half Greeks left Turkey for Greece, and about a half-million Turks left Greece for Turkey.' The Convention established that the Greeks of Istanbul, the Aegean islands of Imvros and Tenedos, and the Eastern Orthodox Christian Patriarchate would be allowed to remain in Turkey, while (to ensure a numerical balance) the Turks of Western Thrace were allowed to remain …

Return To Europe? The Czech Republic And The Eu's Influence On Its Treatment Of Roma, Matthew D. Marden

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The Czech Republic has faced much criticism in the past fifteen years for the treatment of its Romani minority community. The European Union has successfully applied informal, non-legal means of pressuring the Czech Republic into making some changes necessary to improve living conditions for Roma. With the Czech Republic's recent accession to the European Union, legal human rights institutions will likely play a larger role in ensuring that the Czech Republic continues to improve conditions for Czech Roma. The Author uses a case brought by a group of Roma at the European Court of Human Rights to demonstrate the potential …

Justice For Iraq, Justice For All, Michael J. Frank

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Book Review. Journal Of The National Human Rights Commission, India, Jayanth K. Krishnan

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

International Human Rights Standards In International Organizations: The Case Of International Criminal Courts, Kenneth S. Gallant

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Rhetoric Or Rights?: When Culture And Religion Bar Girls' Right To Education, Elizabeth Chamblee Burch

Scholarly Works

Women account for almost two-thirds of the world's illiterates. In the year 2000, the World Education Forum met in Dakar, Senegal and set goals to (1) eliminate gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, and (2) achieve gender equality in education by 2015. Two months before 2004, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) reported that sixty percent of the 128 countries that attended the Dakar Conference would not meet these goals. The report attributed the failure to sharp discrimination against girls in social and cultural practices.

The report failed to mention that social and cultural …

Development Decision Making And The Content Of International Development Law, Daniel D. Bradlow

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

International development law deals with the rights and duties of states and other actors in the development process. As the consensus view of the development process disintegrated during the 1970s and 1980s, the agreement on the content of international development law also began to break down. Today there are two competing idealized views of development. The first, the traditional view, maintains that development is about economic growth, which can be distinguished from other social, cultural, environmental, and political development issues in society. The second, the modern view, maintains that development is an integrated process of change involving intertwined economic, social, …