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Articles 211 - 240 of 298

Full-Text Articles in International Law

The Concept Of Statutory Law In Eu Perspective, Francesico Bilancia Jul 2005

The Concept Of Statutory Law In Eu Perspective, Francesico Bilancia

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Back to Government?: The Pluralistic Deficit in the Decisionmaking Processes and Before the Courts, Symposium. University of Trento, Italy, June 11-12, 2004.


Functional Participation In Eu Delegation Regulation: Lessons From The United States And The Eu's "Constitutional Moment:, Stijn Smismans Jul 2005

Functional Participation In Eu Delegation Regulation: Lessons From The United States And The Eu's "Constitutional Moment:, Stijn Smismans

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Back to Government?: The Pluralistic Deficit in the Decisionmaking Processes and Before the Courts, Symposium. University of Trento, Italy, June 11-12, 2004.


"The Regulatory Grass In Greener": A Comparative Analysis Of The Alien Tort Claims Act And The European Union's Green Paper On Corporate Social Responsibility, Joshua M. Chanin Jul 2005

"The Regulatory Grass In Greener": A Comparative Analysis Of The Alien Tort Claims Act And The European Union's Green Paper On Corporate Social Responsibility, Joshua M. Chanin

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

No abstract provided.


From Pax Mercatoria To Pax Europea: How Trade Dispute Procedures Serve The Ec's Regional Hegemony , Tomer Broude Jun 2005

From Pax Mercatoria To Pax Europea: How Trade Dispute Procedures Serve The Ec's Regional Hegemony , Tomer Broude

ExpressO

The European Union's policies towards the states on its new, post-2004 enlargement, external borders (the European Neighbourhood Policy and the Cotonou project) present complementary yet competing tendencies: the establishment of Pax Mercatoria (the model historically developed in and by the EC itself, wherein international political stability is facilitated by economic interdependence) and the pursuit of Pax Europea (the establishment of a European zone of superior international economic, political and legal influence). The balance between these will ultimately be struck by the cumulative economic, political and social effects of the new legal arrangements. This paper focuses on one issue affecting this …


The European Neighborhood Policy And Its Impact On The Israel - European Union - United States Triangle, Guy Harpaz May 2005

The European Neighborhood Policy And Its Impact On The Israel - European Union - United States Triangle, Guy Harpaz

San Diego International Law Journal

This Article is not intended to deal with the feasibility of successfully implementing the [European Neighbourhood Policy] ENP, nor does it address its normative aspects from the European perspective. Instead, this article assumes that the parties will successfully implement the ENP, and on the basis of that assumption, attempts to provide a first, critical and interdisciplinary examination of the potentially significant impact of the ENP on the legal, economic, social, and trade landscape of the State of Israel, her citizens, economy, and on her relations with the EU and the United States.


Compliance Theory And The Inter-American Court Of Human Rights, Morse Tan Mar 2005

Compliance Theory And The Inter-American Court Of Human Rights, Morse Tan

ExpressO

Abstract This essay fills a gap by exploring compliance theory in international law to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. After introducing the topic and setting the context, it delves into the question of why nations follow international law. Interacting with prominent theoretical models (including the managerial model, fairness and legitimacy, transnational legal process, self-interest, and a comparative perspective with Europe), it arrives at a critical synthesis in the conclusion.


Compliance Theory And The Inter-American Court Of Human Rights, Morse Tan Mar 2005

Compliance Theory And The Inter-American Court Of Human Rights, Morse Tan

ExpressO

This essay fills a gap by exploring compliance theory in international law in relation to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. After introducing the topic and setting the context, it delves into the question of why nations follow international law. Interacting with prominent theoretical models (including the managerial model, fairness and legitimacy, transnational legal process, self-interest, and a comparative perspective with Europe), it arrives at a critical synthesis in the conclusion.


Compliance Theory And The Inter-American Court Of Human Rights, Morse Hyun-Myung Tan Mar 2005

Compliance Theory And The Inter-American Court Of Human Rights, Morse Hyun-Myung Tan

ExpressO

This essay fills a gap by exploring compliance theory in international law to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. After introducing the topic and setting the context, it delves into the question of why nations follow international law. Interacting with prominent theoretical models (including the managerial model, fairness and legitimacy, transnational legal process, self-interest, and a comparative perspective with Europe), it arrives at a critical synthesis in the conclusion.


European Union Legal Materials: An Infrequent User's Guide, Duncan E. Alford Jan 2005

European Union Legal Materials: An Infrequent User's Guide, Duncan E. Alford

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Migrating Towards Minority Status: Shifting European Policy Towards Roma, Timothy W. Waters, Rachel Guglielmo Jan 2005

Migrating Towards Minority Status: Shifting European Policy Towards Roma, Timothy W. Waters, Rachel Guglielmo

Articles by Maurer Faculty

During the 1990s, European policy towards Roma evolved from concern about migration toward rhetoric about rights. In this article we trace that shift across two OSCE reports. Following rhetorical-action models, we show how the EU's commitment to enlargement and "common values" compelled it to elaborate an internal approach to minority protection. Concerns about migration persist, but Europe now has to consider how to integrate Roma as minorities.


The Simplification Of International Data Privacy Rules, Joel R. Reidenberg Jan 2005

The Simplification Of International Data Privacy Rules, Joel R. Reidenberg

Faculty Scholarship

The variation and complexity of national data privacy rules pose significant challenges for international data flows. Data protection laws range from ad hoc narrow legal rights, like those found in the United States, to comprehensive fair information practice statutes like those found in Europe. Because data processing frequently occurs across national borders, multiple data protection laws might apply simultaneously to international data flows. At the same time, data protection regimes may prohibit the circumvention of national standards by processing personal information at a foreign site. Global information processing thus presents a data controller with important burdens and obstacles related to …


Squaring The Circle? Reconciling Sovereignty And Global Governance Through Global Government Networks (Review Of Anne-Marie Slaughter, A New World Order), Kenneth Anderson Jan 2005

Squaring The Circle? Reconciling Sovereignty And Global Governance Through Global Government Networks (Review Of Anne-Marie Slaughter, A New World Order), Kenneth Anderson

Book Reviews

This book review summarizes and critiques A New World Order, offering both an internal critique of the argument's consistency as well as an outside critique of the argument from the standpoint of the value of democratic sovereignty. The review locates Slaughter's argument within the debate over international relations realism and idealism, and further locates it within a continuum of seven idealized positions in the debate between global governance and sovereignty, with pure sovereignty at one extreme and world government at the other, with the most relevant positions of democratic sovereignty and liberal internationalism located in the middle. The article concludes …


Corporate Social Responsibility And Sustainable Development: The European Union Initiative As A Case Study, Kristina K. Herrmann Jul 2004

Corporate Social Responsibility And Sustainable Development: The European Union Initiative As A Case Study, Kristina K. Herrmann

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

No abstract provided.


The Creation Of International Commercial Law: Sovereignty Felled, Sandeep Gopalan May 2004

The Creation Of International Commercial Law: Sovereignty Felled, Sandeep Gopalan

San Diego International Law Journal

The creation of international commercial law presents an interesting paradox for proponents of sovereignty in international law. Indeed, it could be argued that the creation of international commercial law is the vanishing point of sovereignty in that nation states are becoming increasingly less important in the creation of international commercial law with the growth of regional organizations, non-state actors, and international arbitration. This is spurred on by the march of globalization and the consequent need for international commercial law. The term "harmonization" will be used as a surrogate to discuss the creation of international commercial law, as it is the …


Chronopost V. Ufex: The Paradoc Of The Competing Monopolist Symposium On European Competition Law , Alessandra Fratini, Andrea Carta Jan 2004

Chronopost V. Ufex: The Paradoc Of The Competing Monopolist Symposium On European Competition Law , Alessandra Fratini, Andrea Carta

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

On July 3, 2003, in the Chronopost judgment, the European Court of Justice ("ECJ" or "the Court") defined the conditions under which a public undertaking, enjoying a legal monopoly for the provision of services of general interest, can provide services to its subsidiaries without infringing Article 87(1) of the EC Treaty. The impact of this judgment on European Community ("EC") state aid policy and public services is potentially large, in both legal and practical terms. The ruling casts light on the real dilemma underlying the application of state aid rules to the circumstances of the case: how to allow public …


The Costs And Legal Implications Facing Implementation Of The European Union's Droit De Suite Directive In The United Kingdom, Jennifer B. Pfeffer Jan 2004

The Costs And Legal Implications Facing Implementation Of The European Union's Droit De Suite Directive In The United Kingdom, Jennifer B. Pfeffer

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

In 2001, the European Union passed a directive requiring member countries to implement a droit de suite on the resale of art. A droit de suite is a resale royalty created to benefit visual artists. The purpose of the droit de suite is to allow artists to profit off of their growing reputations; for example, a starving artist who has sold a work for a pittance may profit (or his heirs may profit) when he has risen in prominence and his work has consequently increased in value. The United Kingdom actively opposed the directive;8 it worried about the effect of …


The State Of E.C. Competition Law: Fiften Years Ago And Today, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Frank Fine Jan 2004

The State Of E.C. Competition Law: Fiften Years Ago And Today, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Frank Fine

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

The European Commission is achieving ever greater rationalization and efficiencies in the field of merger control, thereby maximizing commercial benefits while minimizing regulatory hurdles. The Commission appears to be on a completely different track when it comes to non-merger arrangements, such as strategic alliances, distribution agreements, technology licenses, joint selling agreements and joint purchasing agreements. While the Commission is seeking to maximize legal certainty for companies planning concentrations, in the other spheres of business activity which fall within the ambit of Articles 81 and 82, including those noted above, the Commission has decided that the legal certainty afforded by the …


New E.C. Merger Control Test Under Article 2 Of The Merger Control Regulation, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Alexander Riesenkampff Jan 2004

New E.C. Merger Control Test Under Article 2 Of The Merger Control Regulation, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Alexander Riesenkampff

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

On November 25, 2003, the Council reached a political accord on amending the Merger Control Regulation. On January 20, 2003, the Council formally adopted the amendment as new Regulation No.139/2004. Article 2, Sec. 3 of the new regulation provides: "A concentration which would significantly impede effective competition, in the common market or in a substantial part of it, in particular as a result of the creation or strengthening of a dominant position, shall be declared incompatible with the common market." This article begins by outlining the legislative history of the new Article 2. That preface is followed by the identification …


E.U. State Aid Developments In 2003: More Complexity, Less Certainty Symposium On European Competition Law , Dennis Oswell, Esfandiar Vahida Jan 2004

E.U. State Aid Developments In 2003: More Complexity, Less Certainty Symposium On European Competition Law , Dennis Oswell, Esfandiar Vahida

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

There was a time when observers had the impression that European companies could think of no better gift from the government than a subsidy of some sort. Scrutiny of such governmental largess at the E.U. level was perceived as lax and any consequences for violating the E.U. competition rules against such handouts were seen as remote and timid. Times have changed. As the European Commission (the "Commission") stiffens its resolve to police and punish unlawful State intervention in the marketplace, governmental subsidies to favored undertakings, broadly referred to in the European Union as "State aid," are fast becoming gifts that …


New Ec Merger Regulation: A First Assessment Of Its Practical Impact, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Werner Berg Jan 2004

New Ec Merger Regulation: A First Assessment Of Its Practical Impact, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Werner Berg

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

In the late evening of November 27, 2003, the Council of Ministers reached a political agreement on the amended text of the European Community Merger Regulation ("ECMR"), which is due to enter into force on May 1, 2004, the date for enlargement of the European Union. In the following article, the New ECMR will be assessed from a practitioner's perspective. Since the new substantive test is being dealt with in another contribution to this Symposium, this analysis focuses on the jurisdictional and procedural issues


Current Issues Of E.U. Competition Law: The New Competition Enforcement Regime, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Philip Lowe Jan 2004

Current Issues Of E.U. Competition Law: The New Competition Enforcement Regime, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Philip Lowe

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

On May 1, 2004, two major reforms of the EC competition enforcement regime are expected to enter into force: the modernization of antitrust enforcement, based on Regulation 1/2003,1 and the review of the European merger control system. In this contribution, I will outline the main principles underlying these reforms. In Part I, I will focus on the instruments the Commission intends to adopt early in 2004 in order to guarantee the efficient functioning of Regulation 1/2003, the so-called modernization package. Subsequently, in Part II, I will present the guiding principles of the future merger control in Europe, as they result …


E.U. Competition And Private Actions For Damages, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Georg Berrisch, Eve Jordan, Rocio Salvador Roldan Jan 2004

E.U. Competition And Private Actions For Damages, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Georg Berrisch, Eve Jordan, Rocio Salvador Roldan

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

There are numerous reasons why private enforcement of E.U. competition law remains underdeveloped in Europe. The main reason is perhaps that it is not regulated by E.U. law but by Member State law. This in itself creates legal uncertainty. A system that creates optimal conditions for individuals to challenge infringements of competition rules before national courts ensures a high level of compliance. It is therefore no surprise that the European Commission ("Commission") is keen to see the general use of private enforcement, and in particular of actions for damages, in Europe increase. This paper focuses on one particular aspect of …


Last Of Its Kind: The Review Of The Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Fiona Carlin, Stephanie Pautke Jan 2004

Last Of Its Kind: The Review Of The Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Fiona Carlin, Stephanie Pautke

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

On October 1, 2003, the Commission published a formal proposal for a new technology transfer block exemption ("Draft TTBE") together with detailed draft guidelines ("Draft Guidelines")5 which explain how the new regulation will be interpreted and how Article 81 will be applied to agreements that fall outside the revised regulation's safe harbor. These proposals unleashed a barrage of criticism from industry and seem likely to result in some amendments to the proposed texts before their adoption in March or April 2004. The new package is due to enter into force on May 1, 2004. This article discusses the Commission's proposals …


Combinations, Concerted Practices And Cartels: Adopting The Concept Of Conspiracy In European Community Competition Law Symposium On European Competition Law , Julian M. Joshua, Sarah Jordan Jan 2004

Combinations, Concerted Practices And Cartels: Adopting The Concept Of Conspiracy In European Community Competition Law Symposium On European Competition Law , Julian M. Joshua, Sarah Jordan

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

This article charts the progress of, and the vicissitudes faced by, the incorporation into the European Community legal order of the peculiarly common law concept of conspiracy as the vehicle not only for analytical purposes, by characterizing full-blown cartels as "agreements" in the sense of Article 81 of the EC Treaty, but also to resolve the multiplicity of evidential issues presented by complex, pernicious and secretive behavior. The article also shows how the uncovering of deliberate and secretive business delinquency, practiced at the highest levels in some of Europe's most respected corporations and summed up by the negative connotations of …


Role Of Judicial Review In Merger Control, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Mark Clough Jan 2004

Role Of Judicial Review In Merger Control, The Symposium On European Competition Law , Mark Clough

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

This article explains the role of judicial review in European Community ("EC") Merger Control ("ECMR") by reference to the Airtours case and three other important recent judgments of the European Court of First Instance ("CFI") (Schneider, Tetra Laval and Lagardére), all decided in 2002. Article 230 of the EC Treaty, which governs actions for annulment of acts adopted by the EC Institutions "on the grounds of lack of competence, infringement of an essential procedural requirement, infringement of this [EC] Treaty or of any rule of law relating to its application, or misuse of powers," is considered only in the context …


European Community Compulsory Licensing Policy: Heresy Versus Commen Sense Symposium On European Competition Law , Frank Fine Jan 2004

European Community Compulsory Licensing Policy: Heresy Versus Commen Sense Symposium On European Competition Law , Frank Fine

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

There is a growing trend to limit the rights of intellectual property owners when the public interest warrants. Until very recently, this phenomenon has been manifested only at a transnational level.1 For example, the World Trade Organization, as recently as November 2001, in its Doha Agreement ("Doha"),2 enabled certain nations of the Asian and African subcontinents to obtain compulsory licenses to manufacture and distribute domestically certain anti-retroviral drugs by declaring a state of national health emergency. Doha raises an intriguing question: if limited intrusions into valuable intellectual property rights may be justified on public health grounds, should not such intrusions …


Return To Europe? The Czech Republic And The Eu's Influence On Its Treatment Of Roma, Matthew D. Marden Jan 2004

Return To Europe? The Czech Republic And The Eu's Influence On Its Treatment Of Roma, Matthew D. Marden

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The Czech Republic has faced much criticism in the past fifteen years for the treatment of its Romani minority community. The European Union has successfully applied informal, non-legal means of pressuring the Czech Republic into making some changes necessary to improve living conditions for Roma. With the Czech Republic's recent accession to the European Union, legal human rights institutions will likely play a larger role in ensuring that the Czech Republic continues to improve conditions for Czech Roma. The Author uses a case brought by a group of Roma at the European Court of Human Rights to demonstrate the potential …


Expansion And Restriction: Competing Pressures On United Kingdom Asylum Policy, Elizabeth Keyes Jan 2004

Expansion And Restriction: Competing Pressures On United Kingdom Asylum Policy, Elizabeth Keyes

All Faculty Scholarship

Analysis of asylum policy in the United Kingdom thus requires examination of the complex interaction between domestic and international pressures, between legislative and judicial action, and between expansionism and restrictionism. In Part I, this paper considers the history of asylum in the UK through the 1990s, looking at the changes that occurred over the 20th century, and the international legal obligations at the core of the UK's asylum policy. The paper specifically addresses Britain's new commitments to European Union asylum policies, and the ways in which Britain's overall relationship with the EU affects Britain's domestic asylum policy. In Part II, …


A Gradual Shift In U.S. Privacy Laws Towards A Comprehensive Regime , Kamaal R. Zaidi Oct 2003

A Gradual Shift In U.S. Privacy Laws Towards A Comprehensive Regime , Kamaal R. Zaidi

ExpressO

This paper examines the current trends in a predominantly sectoral U.S. privacy regime that appears to be becoming more comprehensive in nature with respect to data privacy protection. This trend has been greatly attributed to the European Union's comprehensive position on data privacy protection. This paper investigates the growth in U.S. data privacy protection in relation to federal and state legislative history, federal administrative procedures, and private industry efforts. This shift from sectoral to comprehensive regimes is significant in the backdrop of U.S-EU trade relations.


Usa Patriot Act: Anti-Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing Legislation In The U.S. And Europe Since September 11, Alicia L. Rouse Oct 2003

Usa Patriot Act: Anti-Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing Legislation In The U.S. And Europe Since September 11, Alicia L. Rouse

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.