International Law Commons^™

Itlos Advisory Opinion On Climate Change: Summary Of Briefs And Statements Submitted To The Tribunal, Maria Antonia Tigre, Korey Silverman-Roati

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

This report provides a summary of the briefs and statements submitted to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) in response to the Co-Chairs of Commission of Small Island States (COSIS)’ request for an advisory opinion on climate change-related legal questions. The central issue before the ITLOS is whether State Parties to UNCLOS have specific obligations regarding the prevention, reduction, and control of marine environmental pollution stemming from climate change, as well as the protection and preservation of the marine environment concerning climate change impacts. While States and civil society organizations have put forward a variety of …

Exploring The African Regional Human Rights Standards As The Basis For An Enabling Environment For Self-Managed Abortion, Lucia Berro Pizzarossa, Michelle Maziwisa, Ebenezer Durojaye

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

Self-managed abortion holds great promise to save lives and promote reproductive autonomy, particularly in Africa. Indeed, the African region records very high numbers of unsafe abortions, and the burden of abortion-related mortality is the highest globally. Abortion remains generally criminalized in violation of numerous internationally and regionally recognized human rights standards. The advent of abortion medicines and the increased grassroots energy geared towards curbing the harms of unsafe abortion evince medical abortion holds great promise for revolutionizing people’s access to high-quality reproductive care. This study discusses regional human rights frameworks, policy, case law, and a few representative domestic legislative frameworks …

The Low-Hanging Fruit: Health, Rights, And The Commission, Bright Nkrumah

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

The year 2022 marked the 35th anniversary of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. As it is a custom in many communities, when one reaches this milestone, it is an opportune time to introspect and reflect on the successes and challenges encountered in one’s journey. It is this template that the paper adopts to measure the prospects and setbacks of the African Commission in the advancement of the right to health. The Article argues that while the body remains the poster child of the continent’s human rights architecture, its inability to clearly articulate how states ought to advance …

Connecting Nuclear Security To International Frameworks On Gender And Security, Kathleen A. Doty, Jessica S. Burniske

International Journal of Nuclear Security

The international community is slowly beginning to recognize the intersections between law and policy as it relates to international security—particularly arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament—and the body of human rights law that addresses gender equality. Notably absent from this discussion is the field of nuclear security. Despite its historical underpinnings as an inherently domestic activity, nuclear security is thoroughly grounded in international treaty law. However, nuclear security is often overlooked in the international security context and has not been well-situated in international instruments that address gender equality. We argue that gender equality in nuclear security should be understood as an …

Women In Nuclear Power Programs: Case Studies From Africa, Jessica S. Burniske, Chanel Chauvet-Maldonado, Beth Kaboro, Madalina Man, Susan Nalumansi

International Journal of Nuclear Security

Approximately 30 countries are considering, planning, or starting nuclear power programs, and nearly 20 more countries have expressed interest in nuclear power. Most of these countries are nuclear newcomers. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a nuclear power program is a major undertaking requiring careful planning, preparation, and investments in institutions and human resources because of the safety, security, and safeguards requirements associated with the use of nuclear energy. The IAEA Milestones Approach states that states should follow three phases of development to establish the necessary infrastructure for a nuclear power program. Nuclear security is one of the …

Attaining The Right To Environment Through Environmental Impact Assessment, Umair Saleem

Dissertations & Theses

The thesis discusses the interconnection between the right to environment and environmental impact assessment (EIA), elaborating their depth and collective potential to effectively address most – if not all – of the complex and interconnected environmental challenges.

Firstly, the thesis explores the evolution of the environmental laws from the year 1900 and provides a unifying synthesis of the diverse environmental components, obligations, rights, and principles within international, regional, and national environmental laws. Secondly, it identifies the right to environment as a unifying and holistic right that integrates these environmental concepts and encapsulates comprehensive environmental protection. Thirdly, it provides a comparison …

To Have And To Be: An International Human Right To Clean, Healthy, And Sustainable Environment, Deepa Badrinarayana

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

In July 2022, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 76/300 (“the Resolution”)—affirming a human right to clean, healthy, and sustainable environment (“environmental human rights”). The Resolution essentially affirms a linkage between environmental human rights and “other rights and existing international law,” and “calls upon States, international organizations, business enterprises and other relevant stakeholders to adopt policies, to enhance international cooperation, strengthen capacity-building and continue to share good practices,” to achieve environmental human rights.

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This Article offers a glass half-full perspective on the Resolution, with the caveat that the glass could rapidly become empty unless the right is internalized …

Tying Parallel Proceedings To Judgment Recognition: Harmonizing Cross-Border Dispute Resolution, Louise Ellen Teitz

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Israel-Lebanon Maritime Border Agreement: Does Lebanon Implicitly Recognize The State Of Israel?, Mireille Rebeiz

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

In October 2022, Lebanon and Israel signed a Maritime Border Agreement brokered by the United States of America. Lebanon does not recognize Israeli statehood, and the two States have been at war since 1948. This Article seeks to examine the following legal question: Does the signing of the Maritime Border Agreement imply Lebanese recognition of Israeli statehood? In response, this Article begins with a brief examination of the history of the territorial and border disputes between Lebanon and Israel (discussed in Section I), then proceeds to analyze the definition of statehood and the two theories of statehood recognition. International law …

Case Global: Seeking Asylum, Case Western Reserve University School Of Law, The Frederick K. Cox International Law Center

Case Global Newsletter

Vol. 15, No. 1 (2023)

• Paving the way for prosecutions of war crimes in Yemen
• Educating 165,000+ through online course
• Rising Leaders
• Pursuing accountability
• Learning abroad through international internships
• Seeking asylum
• A look at our international law faculty
• Meet National Jurist’s Law Student of the Year
• Fighting for human rights

Vaccine Development, The China Dilemma, And International Regulatory Challenges, Peter K. Yu

Faculty Scholarship

This article examines the role played by China in the development of international regulatory standards at the intersection of intellectual prop- erty, international trade, and public health. It begins by briefly discussing the role China has played in the global health arena during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article then highlights the difficulty in determining how best to engage with the country in the development of new international regula- tory standards. It shows that the preferred method of engagement will likely depend on one’s perspective on China’s potential contributions and hin- drances: a perspective that focuses on global competition—in the economic, …

A New Era At The Court Of International Trade: Endemic, Executive Orders, And Enforcement, Timothy Meyer

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Judicial conferences offer a unique opportunity for the bench and bar to gather and discuss issues that matter to all of a court's stakeholders. That gathering has rarely been more important as courts seek to reestablish a sense of normalcy after COVID-19. The 21st Judicial Conference of the Court of International Trade (CIT or "the Court"), held in October 2022, was thus propitiously timed to allow the members of the Court to interact with members of the bar in a conference setting for the first time since before the pandemic. More than simply a post-Covid exercise, though, the conference also …

The Enforce And Protect Act: A Primer On The Administrative Cbp Process And Summary Of Judicial Decisions, Michael E. Roll, Ashley Akers

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Enacted in 2015, the Enforce and Protect Act (EAPA)1 gives U.S. Customs & Border Protection (CBP) enhanced tools to enforce U.S. antidumping and countervailing duty (AD/CVD) laws and to protect US industry, which has complained for years that importers and foreign sellers were evading US AD/CVD orders.2 From the point of view of many in US industry, by the time CBP took enforcement action, violators would disappear and CBP would be unable to collect AD/CVD owed for products imported into the United States.3 As a result, US industry would contend that the intended effects of the AD/CVD order, namely, a …

Substantial Transformation: The Worst Rule For Determining Origin Of Goods - Except For All The Rest, John M. Peterson

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Determining the origin of an imported product for purposes of assessing Customs duties has gained exceptional importance in recent years due to the imposition of "retaliatory" duties on Chinese goods pursuant to Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 and "national security" duties on steel and aluminum imports pursuant to Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. Although United States courts, eight decades ago, pronounced a rule of "substantial transformation" based on manufacturing or processing that results in the creation of a new article of commerce, having a name, character, or use different than its ingredients or …

Twenty Years After Krieger V Law Society Of Alberta: Law Society Discipline Of Crown Prosecutors And Government Lawyers, Andrew Flavelle Martin

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

Krieger v. Law Society of Alberta held that provincial and territorial law societies have disciplinary jurisdiction over Crown prosecutors for conduct outside of prosecutorial discretion. The reasoning in Krieger would also apply to government lawyers. The apparent consensus is that law societies rarely exercise that jurisdiction. But in those rare instances, what conduct do Canadian law societies discipline Crown prosecutors and government lawyers for? In this article, I canvass reported disciplinary decisions to demonstrate that, while law societies sometimes discipline Crown prosecutors for violations unique to those lawyers, they often do so for violations applicable to all lawyers — particularly …

The War In Ukraine And Legal Limitations On Russian Vetoes, Anne Peters

Articles

A veto exercised by a permanent member of the UN Security Council to shield that state’s own manifest and prima facie aggression from condemnation and collective action by the Council is legally flawed. The UN Charter can be reasonably interpreted as prohibiting such a veto and depriving it of legal force. This flows from Article 27(3) of the Charter, in conjunction with the prohibition of the abuse of rights, as a manifestation of the principle of good faith, and the obligation to respect the right to life, against the background that the prohibition has the status of jus cogens. These …

Bordering On Solutions: A Comparative Study Of Mexican And U.S. Policies To Address Human Trafficking Along The Mexico-United States Border, Taylor Rosenbleeth

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

Mexico and the United States both contend with the issue of human trafficking and implement measures to address this prevalent challenge, not only within their respective territories, but also along their shared border region. Despite significant efforts, both nations encounter obstacles in their anti-trafficking endeavors. The U.S. promotes a comprehensive legal framework, exemplified by the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act, yet faces criticism regarding deportation policies and inadequate victim support mechanisms. In contrast, Mexico has demonstrated progress through legislative advancements such as the 2012 anti-trafficking law and initiatives like the "Blue Heart" campaign, yet the country struggles with …

U.S.-Canadian Wildfire Cooperation, Nicholas Smetzer

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

Record-breaking wildfires are striking the United States and Canada with troubling, increasing frequency. As wildfires know no borders, climate change-related wildfires will increasingly damage the ecosystems and economies of both nations unless they develop an efficient system of cooperation to deal with this shared threat. As the U.S. and Canada share similar cultures, legal systems, and interests in preserving their ecosystems and air qualities, these countries are in a unique position to share intelligence and resources to properly address the scale of these disasters. Scholars such as Madison Gaffney have noted the potential for current legislation to expand and treat …

The Future Of Peace: Solutions For Arbitration Procedures Between Israeli And Saudi Arabian Entities, Avi Steinberg

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

Israel and Saudi Arabia are not natural partners. Despite a murky future at the present, peace between the two is on the horizon. With the advent of the Abraham Accords, a historic initiative by the Trump Administration to foster peace between Israel and its Arab neighbors, Israel has reached previously unthinkable diplomatic heights. Israeli citizens can now visit places like Dubai. Through remarkable events such as this, now the future beckons that an Israeli deal with Saudi Arabia appears to be the next step towards comprehensive peace in the region. Of course, with peace comes a trade agreement. With that …

Anti-Hero Or Villain: Analyzing Varying Competition Laws By Comparing Global Responses To Continued Competition Concerns Surrounding Ticketmaster After The Eras Tour, Ashley Watson

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

Antitrust laws in the United States regarding ticket sellers and re-sellers have failed to properly protect consumers and ensure sufficient competition. Ticket sales for Taylor Swift’s The Eras Tour demonstrated how the current Ticketmaster and Live Nation monopoly creates a system where consumers have no choice but to deal with website failures, price-gouging, and hidden fees. The original approval of the Ticketmaster and Live Nation merger must be re-evaluated to protect consumer interests and ensure a lack of competition is not resulting in consumer harm. Scholars have written extensively about antitrust law in the United States and beyond, but The …

The Rejection Of The Anti-Corruption Principle And Its Effect On Human Rights At Home, Juliet S. Sorensen

Northwestern Journal of Human Rights

21st century scholarship analyzing the Framers’ treatment of corruption asserts that their incorporation of anti-corruption means in the Constitution should be interpreted as a framework to inform contemporary judicial review and jurisprudence. Led by Zephyr Teachout’s article “The Anti-Corruption Principle,” this school of thought asserts that the anti-corruption principle should be on par with separation of powers and freedom of expression, a guiding lodestar in interpreting the Constitution.

This article submits that the anti-corruption principle of constitutional interpretation is, in fact, a rights-based approach to corruption, equating freedom from corruption with the other rights and liberties enshrined in the Constitution. …

Promises And Pitfalls In Un Regulation Of Judicial Independence, Martha Kiela

Northwestern Journal of Human Rights

This article investigates the current mechanisms and power of the UN to ensure judicial independence in the UN Member States. First, it surveys the UN bodies which play a role in creating international regulations for judicial independence and monitoring Member States’ compliance with them. Second, it analyzes the responses of these bodies to challenges to judicial independence by conducting case studies of Venezuela and Poland, and how these actions compare to those of other international organizations and tribunals. The central questions it seeks to answer are which mechanisms of review and enforcement have so far been the most effective in …

Place Your Bets: The Legal Integration Of Sports Betting With Cryptocurrency, Andrew Topps

UNH Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Out Of Bounds? The Legal Implications Of The Emerging Rivalry Between Liv Golf And The Pga Tour, Michael Dube, Libba Galloway, Chantel Mccabe, Michael Mccann, Alan Milstein

UNH Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Breakdown Of Where Nil Currently Stands, Justin Cavegn

UNH Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Play Like A Girl, Get Paid Like A… Man?, Amanda M. Malool

UNH Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Change Is Growth: The Future Of The Ncaa And College Athletics, Conner Poulin

UNH Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

China’S New Law On Foreign Relations: Transforming The Rules-Based International Order With Chinese Characteristics, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo

International Law Studies

In 2023 China adopted a comprehensive Law on Foreign Relations. Although the law is intended to shape China’s diplomatic relations and its cultural, economic, and other exchanges, as well as China’s relations with the United Nations and other international organizations, implementation of the law will be guided by (inter alia) Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The law makes clear that China’s foreign relations will be conducted to uphold its system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, safeguard its sovereignty, unification and territorial integrity, and promote its economic and social development. This revisionist “rule by …

The New York Convention: Concrete Jungle Where International Commercial Arbitration Dreams Are Made Of, Lizzie Klink

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Comparative Tax Law Guide, Kim Brooks

OER Texts

This extended bibliography is designed to support comparative tax law study by students, policy-makers, and tax practitioners. Studying comparative tax law is pure joy. And in addition to that, it enables you to:

• more deeply understand your own tax system and context;
• learn about another country’s system and context;
• draw general conclusions about tax law;
• press for or support tax law change;
• facilitate tax law harmonization or coordination among jurisdictions;
• delve into the role of tax in the spread of higher-order values like fairness, equality, transparency, or privacy;
• explain why a country’s tax laws are the way they are; and …