International Law Commons^™

Potret Hukum Pertambangan Di Indonesia Dalam Era Uu No. 4 Tahun 2009, Bambang Prabowo Soedarso

Indonesian Journal of International Law

According to Blackslaw dictionary, the definition of Mining law is the act of appropriating a mining claim (parcel of land containing precious metal in its soil or rock) according to certain established rule. Basically, State is entitled full authority to explore and exploit their natural resources. In practice, State is represented by company to explore and exploit its natural resources. Therefore, State creates mining law to provide basic principles and to regulate activities on mining industry. This article provides a full picture of the Indonesian mining law industry from many aspects, start from the colonial period until the present tie.

Regulation Of International Straits, Hasjim Djalal

Indonesian Journal of International Law

Generally this article discusses regulation on international strait which involves the straits of Malacca and Singapore. With regard to the straits used for international navigation, the 1982 UNCLOS prescribes the rights and obligations of the States bordering the straits as well as the users in transip passage. This article describes the problems of the straits of Malacca and Singapore which mainly lay on how to ensure safety and protect environment of the coastal States, Development od Cooperative Mechanism, bilateral cooperation, and new issues. In conclusion, the author share his lesson learned within the last decades on his experiences.

Vat Derogations In Germany, Austria, Denmark, And Estonia: Use And Enjoyment Rules, Richard Thompson Ainsworth

Faculty Scholarship

When the Czech Republic elected (effective January 1, 2009) to derogate from the standard rules for determining the place of supply for intangible services, pursuant to Article 58 of the Recast VAT Directive (RVD), it was following the lead of ten other Member States. This paper considers four of those other jurisdictions - Germany, Austria, Estonia, and Denmark - and compares their derogations with that of the Czech Republic.

In each instance a use and enjoyment standard determines the place of supply for certain intangible services. The affected transactions are (potentially) wide ranging. In each instance non-EU countries are on …

Constitutional Law And International Law: National Exceptionalism And The Democratic Deficit?, Georgetown University Law Center

Philip A. Hart Memorial Lecture

On April 16 2009, Former Justice of the High Court of Australia, the Honourable Michael Kiryby delivered the Georgetown Law Center’s twenty-ninth annual Philip A. Hart Lecture: “ Constitutional Law and International Law: National Exceptionalism and the Democratic Deficit?”

When he retired from the High Court of Australia on February 2, 2009, Michael Kirby was Australia’s longest serving judge.

He was first appointed in 1975 as a Deputy President of the Australian Conciliation & Arbitration Commission. Soon after, he was seconded as inaugural Chairman of the Australian Law Reform Commission (1975-84). Later, he was appointed a judge of the Federal …

In The Name Of Sovereignty? The Battle Over In Dubio Mitius Inside And Outside The Courts, Christophe J. Larouer

Cornell Law School Inter-University Graduate Student Conference Papers

Contrary to some prominent legal scholars’ predictions, the principle of in dubio mitius, that is, the principle of restrictive interpretation of treaty obligations in deference to the sovereignty of states, has not disappeared. Worse, the Appellate Body (AB) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has carried it into the 21st Century, reigniting the ideological debate dividing the legal doctrine over the conception of what the relationship between domestic and international law should be. Therefore, after retracing the history of this principle during which key legal figures opposed one another, this article examines the divergent positions defended by the proponents and …

Multilateralism Or Regionalism; What Can Be Done About The Proliferation Of Regional Trading Agreements?, Luwam G. Dirar

Cornell Law School Inter-University Graduate Student Conference Papers

Regional trading agreements are treaties entered into by states. States enter into regional trading agreements for different reasons some of which are economic, political and security reasons. Regional trading agreements (herein after RTAs) have been successful in achieving trade liberalization at a much faster speed than the World Trade Organization (herein after WTO). The most notable example of RTAs is the European Communities that has been successful to liberalize both trade in goods and services.

Members of those Regional Trading Agreements create rules of origin. Rules of origin are important in allocating the appropriate duty for imported goods. They tell …

Does One Size Fit All? A Comparative Study To Determine An Alternative To International Patent Harmonization, Rohan K. George

Cornell Law School Inter-University Graduate Student Conference Papers

The Agreement for Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was ratified by a majority of the countries of the world in 1994 as a precondition to membership in the World Trade Organization. Today, 153 of the countries of the world are parties to the TRIPS Agreement. The effect of the TRIPS Agreement was to create the first international substantive standards of patent harmonization, and to cause many countries to adopt intellectual property laws far stronger than they had in existence at the time. Today, the process of patent harmonization initiated with the TRIPS Agreement moves forward, through a …

The United Nations Declaration On The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples: A New Dawn For Indigenous Peoples Rights?, Ronald Kakungulu

Cornell Law School Inter-University Graduate Student Conference Papers

Governments in many countries of the world struggle with how to accommodate properly the needs and claims [rights] of native/indigenous peoples within their jurisdictions whose presence long predates European conquest and occupation. In this paper, a comparison and contrast of the approaches of the African and other jurisdictions whose jurisprudence is informative to the protection of the rights of African indigenous peoples, like the Inter-American Court of Human Rights compared with the US, Canada, New Zealand and Australia ‘the big four’ who voted against the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous on September 13, 2007 at the UN General …

The Lexington Principles On The Rights Of Detainees: A Transnational Legal Process Approach To Due Process, David Alan Jordan, Frederic L. Kirgis, R. Brooke Lewis, Thomas Greenwood, Bennett L. Ross, Kathryn M. Zunich

Scholarly Articles

In Boumediene v. Bush, decided June 12, 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court extended the constitutional privilege of habeas corpus to noncitizens detained at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Courts will now be called upon to assess the propriety of American detainee treatment practices against unclear constitutional standards. The strength and contours of the due process protections the U.S. Constitution will afford these detainees is still an unsettled question. The Lexington Principles are designed to help guide the development of American due process standards as they move outside our borders. These Principles are also intended to serve as a model for those …

U.S. Certified Claims Against Cuba: Legal Reality And Likely Settlement Mechanisms, Timothy Ashby

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

Misconceptions abound regarding U.S. certified claims against Cuba for properties taken by the Castro regime. Given the probability that the Obama administration may pursue a different Cuba policy than its predecessors, a realistic approach to resolution of the claims issue requires an objective understanding of the legal environment and options for settlement.

Changing The Culture Of Corruption - Do Small Steps Count?, Rhona Smith

Human Rights & Human Welfare

Corruption is endemic in modern society, but history attests this problem is as old as states themselves. No single solution to date has garnered sufficient political and/or popular support to effect change. Could education play a role in changing the culture?

Actual Exploitation, Simulated Exploitation And A Tin Drum: A Comparative Analysis Of Child Pornography Law In The United States And Canada, Maurice "Mac" Verstandig

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

The United States and Canada two of the world's foremost modern, liberalized societies regularly combat an awkward and painful tension between free speech rights and the wellbeing of minors. Though there generally exists a consensus that child pornography represents a certain dark realm of material outside the oft-amorphous protections afforded speech, the establishment of an acceptable working definition of this criminal fodder has proven contentiously difficult. This paper explores each nation's struggles with this tension, through the lens of legislative efforts, judicial responses, and the productions that seem to perennially blur the line between art and crime. It is ultimately …

The United States As Global Cop: Defining The 'Substantial Effects' Test In U.S. Antitrust Enforcement In The Americas And Abroad, Jordan A. Dresnick, Kimberley A. Piro, Israel J. Encinosa

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

April Roundtable: Introduction

Human Rights & Human Welfare

An annotation of:

“Cambodia's Curse” by Joel Brinkley. Foreign Affairs. March/April 2009.

The Danish Cartoon Controversy And The Rhetoric Of Libertarian Regret, Robert A. Khan

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

The publication of cartoons insulting the prophet Mohammed created afar greater controversy in Europe than it did in the United States. In this article, I attempt to trace this difference to broader differences in the way Americans and Europeans think about offensive speech. While Americans have developed a language of "libertarian regret, " which allows them to criticize speech that they nevertheless concede the legal system must protect, Europeans are much more concerned about the threat posed by acts of intolerance. As a result, Europeans tended to view Muslim protests against the cartoons as a potential harbinger of totalitarianism. By …

Cursing Cambodia, Charli Carpenter

Human Rights & Human Welfare

Joel Brinkley has written a heartbreaking piece in Foreign Affairs about Cambodian society thirty-five years after Pol Pot. We are presented with anecdote after anecdote about historical trauma, corruption, and poverty. It’s a depressing picture, and an important country case to have on the US’ foreign policy radar screen.

No Show, Mark Gibney

Human Rights & Human Welfare

For someone of my generation, any mention of Cambodia conjures up a jumble of images and emotions—albeit, nearly all from the distant past. Always appearing, but in no particular order, would be: the revelation of Nixon’s secret war; the killings at Kent State; strikes that closed down a number of American college campuses; Pol Pot; the seemingly endless debate whether to use the term Cambodia or the more radical “Kampuchea”; Prince Sihanouk; and last but certainly not least: the Khmer Rouge as the personification of a Third World liberation movement.

New Government In Cambodia, Tyler Moselle

Human Rights & Human Welfare

The government of Cambodia is replete with corruption and does not respond adequately to the needs of its citizens according to Joel Brinkley’s Foreign Affairs article “Cambodia’s Curse.” Pol Pot, the killing fields, and the Khmer Rouge still linger in the memories of most Americans when Cambodia’s name is mentioned. Yet, the country is currently languishing in the arms of an unresponsive governing elite whose fortunes may continue to improve due to oil and continuous aid grafting.

Cuban Private International Law: Some Observations, Comparisons, And Suppositions, Kevin Tuininga

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

How Bromfield V. Mukasey Correctly Applied U.S. Immigration Law In A Victory For Civil Rights And A Scathing Rebuke Of Jamaica's Pervasive Homophobia, Michael D. Ford

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Lawful Permanent Residents: The Forced Bachelors And Bachelorettes Of America, Gisela Alouan Ades

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Future Of International Antitrust And Improving Antitrust Agency Capacity, D. Daniel Sokol

UF Law Faculty Publications

This Essay focuses on how both external—international institutions—and internal—agency capacity and technical assistance—dynamics shape the capacity of younger agencies to undertake antitrust in their jurisdictions. Both approaches play an important role in improving capacity. In the case of technical assistance, this Essay analyzes survey data from recipient agencies of antitrust technical assistance to determine the most effective means of improving antitrust agency capacity. Part I explains the type of capacity building that antitrust agencies undertake themselves. The rest of this Essay focuses upon international efforts that can assist agencies in capacity building. Part II describes the work that international antitrust …

Atrocity Crimes Litigation: 2008 Year-In-Review, Beth Van Schaack

Faculty Publications

This survey of 2008's top developments in these international fora will focus on the law governing international crimes and applicable forms of responsibility. Several trends in the law are immediately apparent. The tribunals continue to delineate and clarify the interfaces between the various international crimes, particularly war crimes and crimes against humanity, which may be committed simultaneously or in parallel with each other. Several important cases went to judgment in 2008 that address war crimes drawn from the Hague tradition of international humanitarian law, and the international courts are demonstrating a greater facility for adjudicating highly technical aspects of this …

Towards A More Reasonable Approach To Free Will In Criminal Law, Stephen O'Hanlon

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

This paper questions criminal law's strong presumption of free will. Part I assesses the ways in which environment, nurture, and society influence human action. Part II briefly surveys studies from the fields of genetics and neuroscience which call into question strong assumptions of free will and suggest explanations for propensities toward criminal activity. Part III discusses other "causes" of criminal activity including addiction, economic deprivation, gender, and culture. In light of Parts I through III, Part IV assesses criminal responsibility and the legitimacy ofpunishment. Part V considers the possibility of determiningpropensity for criminal activity based on assessing causal factors and …

Bilateral Investment Treaties And Fdi Flows, Lisa E. Sachs

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Staff Publications

Given that one of the principal purposes of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) is to help countries attract investment flows (by protecting investments), it is only natural that the question has been raised whether they do, in fact, lead to higher investment flows. The main studies on this topic from the past decade are collected in The Effect of Treaties on Foreign Direct Investment: Bilateral Investment Treaties, Double Taxation Treaties, and Investment Flows (Oxford University Press, 2009), a volume I edited with Karl P. Sauvant.

The National Flood Insurance Program: Maintaining Its Head Above Water, Aparna Kirknel Majmudar

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

National flood insurance programs implement flood prevention, create flood zone land-use policy, and establish protocols for relief With climate change and development raising the risk and exposure of human populations to flood, the United States 'National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) has been heavily scrutinized, especially in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. This article examines the validity of the two main criticisms of NFIP, and seeks to inform a better understanding of NFIP's integrity through a comparative analysis between NFIP and several different flood insurance models in Europe. As a result, this analysis yields recommendations that can benefit NFIP, as well …

Commerce Flaws: "Taking Exception" With Garb V. Poland'S Misinterpretation Of The Commercial Activity And Takings Exceptions Of The Fsia, Joshua A. Kirstein

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The Second Circuit's application of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) in the Garb case was flawed, as it incorrectly used the "core functions" test instead of the "legal characteristics" test. This led to the improper granting of sovereign immunity to Poland, denying justice to the plaintiffs in a Holocaust-era property dispute. The decision undermines the FSIA's intent and sets a concerning precedent.

Book Review, Supranational Criminology: Towards A Criminology Of International Crimes (Alette Smeulers & Roelof Haveman Eds., 2008), Mark A. Drumbl

Scholarly Articles

Not available.

The Detainees' Dilemma: The Virtues And Vices Of Advocacy Strategies In The War On Terror, Peter Margulies

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Introductory Note To The Optional Protocol To The International Covenant On Economic, Social And Cultural Rights, Tara J. Melish

Journal Articles

This Introductory Note to the publication in ILM of the newly-adopted Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (OP-ICESCR) seeks to put the primary source document in proper context by briefly explaining its history, content, and significance in international law. The Note is accompanied by the text of the OP-ICESCR, adopted by the U.N. General Assembly on December 10, 2008 to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The OP creates an individual complaints procedure for alleged violations of the ICESCR, rectifying a thirty year asymmetry in human rights treaty law.