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Articles 121 - 150 of 732
Full-Text Articles in International Law
May 1-2, 2003, Cao. Human Rights Context. Background Note For Reference Group., Cao
May 1-2, 2003, Cao. Human Rights Context. Background Note For Reference Group., Cao
CAO General 1999-Present
No abstract provided.
May 1-2, 2003, Cao. Powerpoint Presentations On Cao Activities To Reference Group. Compliance Audit Role, Cao
CAO General 1999-Present
No abstract provided.
May 1-2, 2003, Cao. The Cao Website. Background Note For Reference Group., Cao
May 1-2, 2003, Cao. The Cao Website. Background Note For Reference Group., Cao
CAO General 1999-Present
No abstract provided.
Prosecuting International Terrorists: The Abu Sayyaf Attacks And The Bali Bombing, Sarah E. Tilstra
Prosecuting International Terrorists: The Abu Sayyaf Attacks And The Bali Bombing, Sarah E. Tilstra
Washington International Law Journal
In May 2001, three Americans were kidnapped and held hostage by members of Abu Sayyaf, a guerilla group attempting to establish an Islamic state in the southern Philippines. Two of those Americans were later killed. In October 2002, a nightclub on the Indonesian resort island of Bali was destroyed in an explosion, killing over 200 people, 88 of whom were Australians. Members of the Islamic group Jemaah Islamiyah are suspected of masterminding the attack. The Abu Sayyaf suspects have yet to be caught, but Indonesia is preparing to prosecute some of the Bali bombing suspects beginning in May 2003. Using …
Foreword, Dylan Oliver Malagrino
Foreword, Dylan Oliver Malagrino
San Diego International Law Journal
The Articles and Comments in this Volume cover a wide range of topics. Appropriately, each one uses a tiered attack on an international legal issue, making the authors' expressed arguments tremendously strong. These articles represent the kind of international thinking that is and will be required of our intellectuals in the upcoming decades. I hope that the fresh, new ideas and original legal analysis of each piece in this Volume increase the number of levels and broaden the bandwidth in which we discuss every international legal issue to come.
The Unique Jurisprudence Of Letters Of Credit: Its Origin And Sources, Gao Xiang, Ross P. Buckley
The Unique Jurisprudence Of Letters Of Credit: Its Origin And Sources, Gao Xiang, Ross P. Buckley
San Diego International Law Journal
This Article seeks to illumine the legal nature of the letter of credit instrument, and catalogue the various sources of law and rules that can govern it; and, by doing so, render a service to those who must quickly come to grips with letter of credit law. The Article is in two parts. The first part examines the legal nature of the letter of credit by looking at its definition, operation, and history and by comparing it with negotiable instruments and contracts. The second part considers the rules, customs, and regulations governing letters of credit and introduces the two fundamental …
The Stateless Corporation Finds A Home: Alienage Jurisdiction And Dependent Overseas Territories - J.P. Morgan Chase Bank V. Traffic Stream (Bvi) Infrastructure Limited, Michael Cornell Dypski
The Stateless Corporation Finds A Home: Alienage Jurisdiction And Dependent Overseas Territories - J.P. Morgan Chase Bank V. Traffic Stream (Bvi) Infrastructure Limited, Michael Cornell Dypski
San Diego International Law Journal
The purpose of this Article is to discuss the evolution of the alienage jurisdiction statute and the status of overseas dependent territories in light of the recent Supreme Court decision. Part I of this Article will provide a brief historical background of 28 U.S.C. § 1332 and its purpose. Part II will discuss the concepts of the state and statelessness, as well as the role of dependent territories in international affairs. Part III will discuss and analyze the various federal decisions seemingly at loggerheads with each other on the issue of federal jurisdiction over dependent territories. Finally, Part IV will …
Affixing Blame: Ideologies Of Hiv/Aids In Thailand, Tarik Abdel-Monem
Affixing Blame: Ideologies Of Hiv/Aids In Thailand, Tarik Abdel-Monem
San Diego International Law Journal
This Article focuses on ideologies of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Thailand, one of many nations where the HIV/AIDS pandemic has reached alarming levels. Not unlike other nations struggling with HIV/AIDS, an epidemic of stigma and blame has developed in Thailand with increasing rates of infection among the population. Understandings of whom to blame for the epidemic, and how to realize appropriate solutions, have likewise developed as the epidemic continues to persist and spread. This Article examines these ideologies and how they are mediated through the lens of popular culture in contemporary Thailand. It attempts to examine the reasoning of such …
Duty Of Care To The Intoxicated: The Irish Approach, Mary Drennan
Duty Of Care To The Intoxicated: The Irish Approach, Mary Drennan
San Diego International Law Journal
This Article examines whether the relationship between publican and patron should or should not produce such an obligation. It also addresses the possible defenses to such a claim in the tort of negligence. Finally, as the matter is not a settled point of Irish law, this Article also attempts to assess the potential approach of its courts, in view of the approach taken by the English courts to the issue and the flurry of academic comment in the wake of a recent Irish settlement. These issues are certain to surface in litigation again. Regardless of the approach taken by the …
Finding Fundamental Fairness: Protecting The Rights Of Homosexuals Under European Union Accession Law, Travis J. Langenkamp
Finding Fundamental Fairness: Protecting The Rights Of Homosexuals Under European Union Accession Law, Travis J. Langenkamp
San Diego International Law Journal
In tackling the issue of sexual orientation discrimination, the European Union must make significant efforts to conform or, perhaps, eradicate incongruous legislation within Applicant Countries. The difficulty of this endeavor is two-fold: first, in terms of the number and complexity of the laws of each Applicant Country; and, second, in the absence of any detailed and systematic documentation of sexual orientation discrimination within those same Applicant Countries. Compounding, if not confounding, such legitimate endeavors are the inconsistent anti-gay legislation prevalent within the present Member States. The stakes are high for Member States and Applicant Countries alike. Thus, the European Union's …
Authorization To Kill Terrorist Leaders And Those Who Harbor Them: An International Analysis Of Defensive Assassination, Brenda L. Godfrey
Authorization To Kill Terrorist Leaders And Those Who Harbor Them: An International Analysis Of Defensive Assassination, Brenda L. Godfrey
San Diego International Law Journal
The purpose of this Comment is to explore the legal justification for the targeted killing of a terrorist leader as an act of self-defense. In particular, the focus of this Comment will be on the interpretation of the self-defense doctrine under customary international law and the United Nations Charter. First, this Comment will examine the background and common definitions of assassination. Then, the focus will shift to an evaluation of the relevant customary international law and the Caroline doctrine. Next, this Comment will analyze the United Nations Charter, Article 51 as it relates to a claim of self-defense in response …
Trademark Distinctiveness In A Multilingual Context: Harmonization Of The Treatment Of Marks In The European Union And The United States, Eric E. Bowman
Trademark Distinctiveness In A Multilingual Context: Harmonization Of The Treatment Of Marks In The European Union And The United States, Eric E. Bowman
San Diego International Law Journal
This Comment will examine the similarities and differences between the trademark protection laws with regard to the multi-cultural nature of the consuming public of the European Union and that of the United States, and then will recommend ways in which the laws can be harmonized to promote the congruent development and expansion of economic activities globally. This harmonization is necessary in light of the interplay between these schemes for protection of marks and the protection provided under the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks, and the Madrid Protocol. The …
May 1-2, 2003, Cao. Activities Of The Compliance Audit Role. Background Note For Reference Group., Cao
May 1-2, 2003, Cao. Activities Of The Compliance Audit Role. Background Note For Reference Group., Cao
CAO General 1999-Present
No abstract provided.
May 1-2, 2003, Cao. Activities Under The Ombudsman Role. Background Note For Reference Group, Cao
May 1-2, 2003, Cao. Activities Under The Ombudsman Role. Background Note For Reference Group, Cao
CAO General 1999-Present
No abstract provided.
May 1-2, 2003, Cao. External Review. Background Note For Reference Group., Cao
May 1-2, 2003, Cao. External Review. Background Note For Reference Group., Cao
CAO General 1999-Present
No abstract provided.
May 1-2, 2003, Cao. Strategic Planning Process. Background Note For Reference Group., Cao
May 1-2, 2003, Cao. Strategic Planning Process. Background Note For Reference Group., Cao
CAO General 1999-Present
No abstract provided.
International Treaty Internalization In Mexico: Problems And Prospects, Erica B. Schommer
International Treaty Internalization In Mexico: Problems And Prospects, Erica B. Schommer
Faculty Articles
This study seeks to explore how Mexico can close the gap between domestic law and international human rights treaty norms by examining the process of norm internalization. In order to do so, the case of Mexico is compared with other countries in an effort to try and determine what factors increase the likelihood of successful norm internalization.
International Law And The Pre-Emptive Use Of Force: Afghanistan, Al-Qaida, And Iraq, Christopher Greenwood
International Law And The Pre-Emptive Use Of Force: Afghanistan, Al-Qaida, And Iraq, Christopher Greenwood
San Diego International Law Journal
This Article will review the legal framework on the use of force and suggest that there are cases in which the use of "preemptive force" may be justified, provided that certain important conditions are satisfied. Parts III and IV will then apply this analysis to the two cases that have focused attention on the whole issue of preemptive action, namely, the threat from international terrorism (Part III) and the situation in Iraq (Part IV). The writer's conclusions are summarized in Part V.
Judicial Review And International Law, Michel Troper
Judicial Review And International Law, Michel Troper
San Diego International Law Journal
According to common doctrine, the courts, once established, apply the constitution, the principles expressed in the constitution, and also some principles not always expressed but that are thought to be inherent to any legal system, as for example the principle that the State is sovereign. Like the hierarchy of norms, these principles precede the institution of the courts and their jurisprudence, so that they can be used to evaluate them. True, the principles can be vague, but it is considered one of the tasks of constitutional theory to determine their substance before analyzing case law in their light.
Meditating Comparisons, Or The Question Of Comparative Law, Igor Stramignoni
Meditating Comparisons, Or The Question Of Comparative Law, Igor Stramignoni
San Diego International Law Journal
Many today claim that, after WWII, the fall of the Berlin wall and, now, September 11, 2001, the changing nature of nation states, democracy, and the law can no longer be sensibly ignored. How can comparative law contribute to such an important debate? In what follows, it is argued that one way to contribute to the debate over the changing nature of nation states, democracy, and the law would be to engage in poetic comparisons of law's many domains. What, then, are poetic comparisons of law, and what do they invite us to do? Learning from Martin Heidegger's life-long advocacy …
Will That Be First Class, Business Class, Or Pet Class - Changing Legal Trends For The Traveling Pet, Judith R. Karp
Will That Be First Class, Business Class, Or Pet Class - Changing Legal Trends For The Traveling Pet, Judith R. Karp
San Diego International Law Journal
This Article discusses the recently enacted British and European Union legislation that eases the restrictions on pet travel from the United States and Canada to European countries and its effect on the ailing airline and travel industries.
Politics Without Democracy: A Study Of The New Principal Officials Accountability In Hong Kong, Christine Loh, Richard Cullen
Politics Without Democracy: A Study Of The New Principal Officials Accountability In Hong Kong, Christine Loh, Richard Cullen
San Diego International Law Journal
his Article seeks to discuss a range of issues related to the POAS. These issues include: The "one country, two systems" framework; The background to the introduction of the POAS; The fundamentals of the POAS; The notion of accountability pre- and post-POAS; An evaluation of executive government systems; The issues arising from the implementation of POAS; and, A best practice ministerial model for Hong Kong.
Nigeria Since May 1999: Understanding The Paradox Of Civil Rule And Human Rights Violations Under President Olusegun Obasanjo, Philip C. Aka
Nigeria Since May 1999: Understanding The Paradox Of Civil Rule And Human Rights Violations Under President Olusegun Obasanjo, Philip C. Aka
San Diego International Law Journal
This Article seeks to understand why much of the hope for improved human rights has remained unrealized. It has four parts, in addition to this introduction and a conclusion. Part II provides a definition of human rights, the history of these rights in Nigeria, and the machinery that has evolved over the years, all the way up to the Obasanjo presidency, for the enforcement of these rights. Part III describes the practice of human rights in Nigeria before 1999. The section integrates General Obasanjo's role and it points to the legacy of British colonialism in Nigeria as a major factor …
The Echr And States Of Emergency: Article 15 - A Domestic Power Of Derogation From Human Rights Obligations, Mohamed M. El Zeidy
The Echr And States Of Emergency: Article 15 - A Domestic Power Of Derogation From Human Rights Obligations, Mohamed M. El Zeidy
San Diego International Law Journal
This study is divided into two sections. The first section is further divided into two subsections. The first subsection examines the problems in defining emergencies; in the second subsection, we will examine the preconditions required for a valid derogation. The second section determines the Strasbourg machinery for the protection of human rights. This section is also divided into four subsections. Each subsection examines separate case laws from the European Court of Human Rights. Finally, a conclusion will be deduced in the light of the former reviews.
Two Case Studies In Self-Determination: The Rock And The Bailiwick, Inge V. Porter
Two Case Studies In Self-Determination: The Rock And The Bailiwick, Inge V. Porter
San Diego International Law Journal
After looking at the concept of self-determination, its history, meaning, and possible future development in Part II, this Paper will develop two case studies. Part III examines the right of self-determination for the people of Gibraltar, analyzing the relevant U.N. resolutions, agreements, treaties, and legislation that have defined the dispute between Great Britain and Spain. For example, Great Britain has ruled the Rock of Gibraltar for 280 years, primarily using it as a military base; but, today, Spain insists that it did not relinquish absolute sovereignty over Gibraltar to the British by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. Part IV …
"Sinking" The Caroline: Why The Caroline Doctrine's Restrictions On Self-Defense Should Not Be Regarded As Customary International Law, Maria Benvenuta Occelli
"Sinking" The Caroline: Why The Caroline Doctrine's Restrictions On Self-Defense Should Not Be Regarded As Customary International Law, Maria Benvenuta Occelli
San Diego International Law Journal
This Comment will show how the Caroline doctrine came to exist, argue that no real doctrine was created as to an imminence requirement, and show that what is known today as the true Caroline doctrine is really obsolete international law and not a current standard by which to judge the legality of a state's use of force in self-defense.
Towards A Solution To The Problem Of The Common Anadromous Stocks Of The North Pacific, Christian C. Polychron
Towards A Solution To The Problem Of The Common Anadromous Stocks Of The North Pacific, Christian C. Polychron
San Diego International Law Journal
The problem of the common anadromous stocks of the North Pacific is currently addressed through a legal regime operating within the framework established by the UNCLOS. This legal regime operates on two distinct fronts, but the externalities and incentives that define a problem of the commons continue to exist on both fronts. On the high seas, inadequate enforcement enables vessels and nations to violate the ban against high seas salmon harvests and to externalize the costs of doing so. Within EEZs, ineffectual bi-national treaties enable nations to which salmon stocks migrate to over exploit salmon stocks that originate in other …
Who Cares About Courts? Creating A Constitutency For Judicial Independence In Africa, Mary L. Dudziak
Who Cares About Courts? Creating A Constitutency For Judicial Independence In Africa, Mary L. Dudziak
Michigan Law Review
While American scholars and judges generally assume that it is beneficial to insulate courts from politics, Jennifer Widner offers a contrasting perspective from another region of the world. In Building the Rule of Law: Francis Nyalali and the Road to Judicial Independence in Africa, Widner examines the role of courts and judicial review in democratization in Africa. She focuses on the role of one judge, a man who would see himself as embodying a role in Tanzania similar to that of Chief Justice John Marshall in the United States. Francis Nyalali, Chief Justice of the High Court of Tanzania, worked …
More Process Than Peace: Legitimacy, Compliance, And The Oslo Accords, Orde F. Kittrie
More Process Than Peace: Legitimacy, Compliance, And The Oslo Accords, Orde F. Kittrie
Michigan Law Review
The 21st century has inherited a number of bloody and long-unresolved intranational conflicts, including those in Kashmir, Northern Ireland, Burundi, Cyprus, Colombia, the Congo, the Philippines, and the Holy Land. Negotiated efforts to resolve these conflicts through legally binding peace settlements have been attempted from time to time, but without lasting success. Numerous negotiators' memoirs, political science books, and historians' tomes have been devoted to the subject of peace negotiations. But relatively little has been written about peace negotiations from a legal perspective. In particular, the legal literature contains virtually no discussion of what in the contents of a bilateral …
The New Leviathan, Dennis Patterson
The New Leviathan, Dennis Patterson
Michigan Law Review
Reputation in any field is an elusive phenomenon: part notoriety, part honor, part fame, part critical assessment. Even in legal scholarship it has an uneven, unpredictable quality. It is hard to imagine a book by a law professor that has had more immediate impact on world leaders than Philip Bobbitt's The Shield of Achilles. Much of the national-security strategy devised by the U.S. administration after the September 11 attacks expresses ideas Bobbitt conceived long before; and from a different point on the political spectrum is the Archbishop of Canterbury, whose televised nationwide address in January explicitly took the book as …