International Law Commons^™

Harmonizing The Mexican Tax System With The Goals Of The North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta), Mauricio Monroy

San Diego Law Review

Prior to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the international tax provisions of the Mexican tax system were in harmony with the then protectionist environment of Mexican trade. The system was characterized by high withholding taxes on the repatriation of profits (i.e., payments from Mexico to parties abroad), frequently at 21 to 35 percent, and high duties on the importation of goods. It was not abnormal to find duties of 100% ad valorem.

The Letter Of The Law: The Scope Of The International Legal Obligation To Prosecute Human Rights Crimes, Michael P. Scharf

Faculty Publications

While international criminal conventions are limited in their application, there is growing recognition of a duty for states to do something to give meaning to human rights.

International Commercial Transactions: 1997, Peter Winship

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

China's Tax Preferences To Foreign Investment: Policy, Culture And Modern Concepts, Zhaodong Jiang

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

In conclusion, policy-making in China is subject to the leadership's perception of problems and solutions. Taxation must reflect political and economic concerns and closely follow policy choice. For the Chinese, the objective, economic value to foreign businesses should not be as important as the Chinese sincerity and friendly sentiments that the preferential meas- ures symbolize. While the Chinese do refer to modern concepts such as ef- ficiency or equity, they tend to apply their own interpretation and understanding.

Combating The Ilicit Art Trade In The European Union: Europol's Role In Recovering Stolen Artwork, Jennifer Sultan

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

In order to provide a context for a discussion of how to effectively combat the art theft problem, Part II of this comment will examine the vari- ous incentives that encourage art theft. Parts I, IV, and V will explain the background and key provisions of two international conventions and one regional directive that address the problem of art theft in the EU. Part VI will analyze the strengths and shortcomings of the existing legal regime ac- cording to the two conventions and a directive. Part VII will discuss three mechanisms that have been somewhat successful in the recovery of …

The Cisg Convention And Thomas Franck's Theory Of Legitimacy, Anthony S. Winer

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

The Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) Convention is one of the most talked-about, and written-about, aspects of international commercial law. Ss time progresses, it may become evident that significant numbers of commercial actors and significant numbers of courts and other adjudicatory bodies are simply choosing not to apply the Convention. In such event, the question as to why there should be such a reluctance to adopt the Convention will present itself. This Article finds helpful perspective on this question in the work of international legal scholar Thomas Franck. Specifically, guidance is drawn from the theory of international …

American Assistance To Litigation In Foreign And International Tribunals: Section 1782 Of Title 28 Of The U.S.C. Revisited, Hans Smit

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

In the following, primary consideration will be given to the constructions given to Section 1782 by the courts. My conclusion will be that, on the whole, Section 1782 has served its intended purpose, that, on occasion, some courts have given it a construction that is at odds with both its clear text and evident purpose, but that it is reasonable to expect that, over time, the courts and commentators will fall into line and will apply Section 1782 in a manner consistent with its purpose of facilitating the conduct of litigation with international aspects.

The French Refere Procedure And Conflicts Of Human Rights, Wallace R. Baker, Patrick De Fontbressin

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

The purpose of this article will be to ascertain to what extent Pierre Drai' s prediction has been realized. We examine cases where the ref ere procedure has been used in private human rights disputes where one party seeks to limit the right of freedom of the press or expression by claiming such right has been used illegally or in an abusive way. We will not deal with human rights violations by member states.

The Sps Agreement Of The World Trade Organization And International Organizations: The Roles Of The Codex Alimentarius Commission, The International Plant Protection Convention, And The International Office Of Epizootics, Terence P. Stewart, David S. Johanson

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

The proper fanctioning of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) depends in part upon three international organizations, the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), and the International Office of Epizootics (OIE). The SPS Agreement states that the sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards of these organizations are the benchmark international standards for WTO members, and recent WTO decisions demonstrate the importance of international standards in the settlement of WTO disputes involving SPS measures. The Codex, IPPC, and OIE also provide valuable services that benefit the …

Book Review, Henry H. Perritt Jr.

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

Book Review: Richard Haas, The Reluctant Sheriff: The United States After the Cold War, New York, Council on Foreign Relations (1997)

A Dynasty Weaned From Biotechnology: The Emerging Face Of China

Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

Foreign Investment In Mexico's Real Estate: An Introduction To Legal Aspects Of Real Estate Transactions, Manuel Pasero, Hector Torres

San Diego Law Review

During the past ten years, and since the deregulation in most sectors of the Mexican economy, real estate investments increased considerably. Possibly, one of the reasons why people's interest has turned to Mexico is the thousands of miles along the border and seashores that still have not been developed. Whatever the interest of a foreign individual or corporation might be, Mexico is now offering a variety of investment opportunities in the real estate field. Touristry, recreational, industrial, commercial, and even residential purposes are attracting foreign investment in the Mexican real estate market, representing a substantial

portion of the foreign capital …

The Helms-Burton Act: Is The U.S. Shooting Itself In The Foot?

San Diego Law Review

The United States' tool of choice to further its foreign policy goals appears to be economic sanctions. Since 1993, the United States has increasingly applied economic sanctions to further its foreign trade policy. Specifically, more than one-half of the sanctions imposed in the past eighty years have been imposed in only the past four years. The frequent use of economic sanctions has angered and discouraged our allies while significantly weakening the United States' national interests. With so many countries under sanctions, the efficacy of using economic sanctions to promote the United States' foreign policy has been called into question. Suffering …

Amalgam In The Americas: A Law School Curriculum For Free Markets And Open Borders, Mark A. Drumbl

San Diego Law Review

This Article addresses this lacuna by investigating ways in which the American and Canadian common law curriculum could become more responsive to the changing realities of legal practice under NAFTA.

Potentially the following modifications could be introduced on a gradual basis: 1. Introduction of a course to familiarize common law lawyers with the method, principles and practice of civil law, with a directed focus on Mexico; 2. Initiation of a broader NAFTA curriculum, potentially leading to a certificate or designation; and 3. Development of a new law degree, universally recognized in all three NAFTA jurisdictions as a prerequisite to bar …

From Rio To Kyoto: A Study Of The Involvement Of Non-Governmental Organizations In The Negotiations On Climate Change, Chiara Giorgetti

Law Faculty Publications

This Article analyzes the influence of non-governmental actors on the negotiations of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC or the Convention). In particular, it evaluates the methods employed by NGOs in furthering their substantive agendas, the interaction among various non-governmental actors, and the results of their efforts. This Article considers two kinds of NGOs: business and environmental. Environmental NGOs (ENGOs) are the self-defined representatives of environmental interests. They campaign for the strict reduction of all gases that induce climate change. On the other side, business NGOs (BNGOs) typically represent the interests of those industries that are involved in the …

Creating International Space For Taiwan: The Law And Politics Of Recognition, Paul Williams

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

Is Taiwan an entity with an international legal personality entitling it to a certain degree of international space? Or is it an integral political unit of China? The task of this presentation is to analyze the potential legal and political reaction to an attempt by Taiwan to move its current status over the cusp and into the realm of independence, or an alternative attempt by China to back down Taiwan into a one China with the one system policy.

Representations Of Africa In Good Governance Discourse: Policing And Containing Dissidence To Neo-Liberalism,, James T. Gathii

Faculty Publications & Other Works

No abstract provided.

Comparativist Ruminations From The Bayou On Child Custody Jurisdiction: The Uccja, The Pkpa, And The Hague Convention On Child Abduction, Christopher L. Blakesley

Scholarly Works

Interstate and international jurisdictional problems are often vexing. They are worse in matters of child custody. In the past, jurisdiction to obtain custody or to modify a custody decree required only presence or domicile. The United States population is transient and custody decisions are subject to modification. The volatility of child custody disputes and the tendency of parents to move to different and separate jurisdictions traditionally caused and continue to cause difficult problems for children, parents, and the legal system. Before the promulgation of the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act (UCCJA) and the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act (PKPA), it was …

La Preuve Pénale Et Des Tests Génétiques: United States Report, Christopher L. Blakesley

Scholarly Works

A major problem for those analyzing U.S. criminal law and procedure is that it does not fit the Continental or British mold. There is no one single system, but parallel federal and 50 state systems each with its own legislature, laws, courts (including trial, appellate, and supreme courts), police, prosecutors and prisons. The authorities who enact and implement these laws are sovereign within their respective jurisdictions. Each state has police power over its people. The 10th amendment to the U.S. Constitution controls allocation of federal and state authority. It provides that whatever the Constitution has not designated as being within …

Foreigners In Their Own Land: Cultural Land And Transnational Corporations---Emergent International Rights And Wrongs, Martin A. Geer

Scholarly Works

Unique and vital components of human culture and the environment are struggling for survival in the Amazon River basin. The rain forest of Amazonia is shared by indigenous peoples and an immensely diverse tropical flora and fauna. This unique culture and physical ecology, however, is threatened by transnational oil corporations which are irreparably devastating Amazonia and its native cultures through oil production activities.

The failure of public international law to address the post World War II emergence of transnational corporations (TNCs) as a major international force has been the subject of significant review by scholars and policy makers. TNCs, often …

Book Review, Global Environmental Change And International Governance (Oran R. Young Et Al. Eds., 1996), Mark A. Drumbl

Scholarly Articles

In sum, this collection of essays offers a thorough exploration of state-based, single-issue environmental agreements. As such agreements presently comprise the overwhelming majority of our attempts to regulate transnational environmental problems, this volume provides a comprehensive treatment of the subject. A follow-up volume might wish to analyze more fully the role of private actors and macro-linkages as potential complements to traditional agreements. Such departures from state-based analysis could lead to a more challenging rethinking of international governance theory.

Lawyers Meet The Law: Critical U.S. Voices Of Helms-Burton, Joaquín Roy

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Economics Of Violence: Why Freedom From Domestic Violence Must Be Treated As A Developmental Right In International Law, Kelsey S. Barnes

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

Volume 30 Issue 2 (1998), Cwru Journal Of International Law

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

International Law And Australian Federlism, Todd Morth

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Enforcement And The Evolution Of Cooperation, George W. Downs

Michigan Journal of International Law

The purpose of this article is to broadly characterize the political economy or institutionalist theory of enforcement and to present data that is at least a first step toward evaluating the managerial and transformationalist critiques. The first section will present a short, schematic summary of the role of enforcement as it is currently viewed in the "new institutions" or political economy literature in international relations. While doubtless familiar to many readers, this is an important point of departure. A notable portion of the debate about the role of enforcement continues to stem from differences in terminology and from the fact …

Conceptual, Methodological And Substantive Issues Entwined In Studying Compliance, Harold K. Jacobson

Michigan Journal of International Law

In his insightful introduction to this collection Jose E. Alvarez refers to the popularity of studies of "why nations behave." He explains this popularity as a response to the increasing waves of international regulation that have occurred during the closing years of the twentieth century, regulation that frequently involves issues previously left to nation states. As one who has been a participant over the past decade in an effort to discover answers to the question that Alvarez put so clearly, the author is pleased by the broad interest that the subject has gained and feels privileged to have an opportunity …

Force Without Law: Seeking A Legal Justification For The September 1996 U.S. Military Intervention In Iraq, Gavin A. Symes

Michigan Journal of International Law

This note concludes that none of the various legal arguments offered in support of the September 1996 military intervention against Iraq adequately justifies U.S. actions under international law and that in fact international law was never a real concern in planning, implementing, or even justifying the intervention. Part I relates the general history of the "Kurdish problem" and the particulars of the incident under scrutiny. This Part then goes on to describe the aftermath of the intervention and its failure to achieve any of the stated goals of the United States. Part II addresses the general validity under international law …

Jurisprudence Of The Committee On The Rights Of The Child: A Guide For Research And Analysis, Cynthia Price Cohen, Susan Kilbourne

Michigan Journal of International Law

The purpose of this article and the attached tables is to give child rights advocates and scholars: 1) a bird's-eye view of the Convention and its implementation mechanism; 2) an introduction to the jurisprudence that is being developed as governments begin to put the Convention into effect; and 3) a guide to assist in research and analysis of the developing jurisprudence of the Committee on the Rights of the Child.

Understanding Compliance With International Environmental Agreements: The Baker's Dozen Myths, Edith Brown Weiss

University of Richmond Law Review

Until recently, little attention has been given to whether states and other actors comply with the agreements they negotiate. The assumption has been that most states comply with most international law most of the time. There is, however, strong reason to question this assumption. As was apparent in the Breard case, which involved implementation and compliance with the consular convention, states do not necessarily comply with the international agreements they join, particularly when they involve implementation at the provincial/state and local levels.