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Articles 241 - 270 of 351
Full-Text Articles in International Law
Mexican Law And Personal Injury Cases: An Increasingly Prominent Area For U.S. Legal Practitioners And Judges, Jorge A. Vargas
Mexican Law And Personal Injury Cases: An Increasingly Prominent Area For U.S. Legal Practitioners And Judges, Jorge A. Vargas
San Diego International Law Journal
Since tort law cases are seldom filed in Mexico, and the number of judicial resolutions rendered by Mexican courts are few and relatively unimportant, is there a sufficient corpus of Mexican jurisprudence that may be tapped into by American judges to ascertain the rules of Mexican law that govern a case pending before an American trial judge or an appellate justice? Considering that American courts resolve a far larger number of personal injury cases governed by Mexican as compared to the nominal amount of cases decided in Mexico by Mexican courts, is there a risk that this rapidly growing number …
Regulatory Marketing Approval For Pharmaceuticals As A Non-Tariff Barrier To Trade: Analysis Under The Wto's Agreement On Technical Barriers To Trade, Mary Hess Eliason
Regulatory Marketing Approval For Pharmaceuticals As A Non-Tariff Barrier To Trade: Analysis Under The Wto's Agreement On Technical Barriers To Trade, Mary Hess Eliason
San Diego International Law Journal
At a fundamental level, pharmaceuticals serve two roles: both as a cure for disease and as a product. As a cure for disease, a drug's value cannot be quantified because it saves lives. As a product, profit analysis shapes every step of a drug's progression to market. In least developed nations the barriers to drug access are not solely economic. National regulatory systems for market approval are being used to prevent external pharmaceutical manufacturers from participating in a national market. This article will address how the regulatory framework of pharmaceutical registration may serve as a barrier to trade in drugs, …
Foreword, Shanish M. Aloor
Foreword, Shanish M. Aloor
San Diego International Law Journal
The impact of international law has reached past foreign policy and has now extended into every part of U.S. government. Our last issue emphasized the increasing importance of globalization on domestic issues such as national elections. In the past decade, international laws have had a practical effect upon the interpretation of United States domestic law. Influential jurists such as former Justice Sandra Day O'Connor have expressed "that with time [the judiciary] will rely increasingly on international and foreign law in resolving what now appear to be domestic issues, as we both appreciate more fully the ways in which domestic issues …
Can International Law Survive The 21st Century - Yes: With Patience, Persistence, And A Peek At The Past, Dana Zartner Falstrom
Can International Law Survive The 21st Century - Yes: With Patience, Persistence, And A Peek At The Past, Dana Zartner Falstrom
San Diego International Law Journal
With the end of the Cold War-the principal international political framework that shaped the international system since the end of WWII-an increasing number of global tensions have arisen which have brought to the fore questions about the ability of existing international law to provide a guiding framework for state behavior. Debates over the limits of state sovereignty, the appropriateness of humanitarian intervention, the justness of pre-emptive war, the definition of self-defense, the legality of replacing a government in the interests of your ideals, and how to deal with terrorism have dominated discussions around the world. Moreover, these discussions have caused …
The Antinomies Of The (Continued) Relevance Of Icsid To The Third World, Ibironke T. Odumosu
The Antinomies Of The (Continued) Relevance Of Icsid To The Third World, Ibironke T. Odumosu
San Diego International Law Journal
The international law on foreign investment is commonly accepted as one of the most controversial areas of international law. Not only does international investment law lack clear rules on investment promotion and protection, this area of the law has always generated opposing rules, and implicates divergent interests in the process. In the face of unclear rules, and against the backdrop of the need to protect foreign investment through the internationalization of investment dispute settlement, and the position that this will facilitate investment flows to Third World states, the World Bank established the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes …
Retrying The Acquitted In England, Part I: The Exception To The Rule Against Double Jeopardy For New And Compelling Evidence, David S. Rudstein
Retrying The Acquitted In England, Part I: The Exception To The Rule Against Double Jeopardy For New And Compelling Evidence, David S. Rudstein
San Diego International Law Journal
More than 240 years ago, Sir William Blackstone, perhaps the most important commentator on the English common law, wrote that when a man is once fairly found not guilty upon any indictment, or other prosecution, before any court having competent jurisdiction of the offence, he may plead such acquittal in bar of any subsequent accusation for the same crime. This plea of autrefois acquit (a former acquittal), Blackstone explained, is based upon the principle that no man is to be brought into jeopardy of his life, more than once for the same offence, which he called a universal maxim of …
The United States Federal Judiciary May Not Be A Third, Co-Equal Branch Of Government - What Are The Implications For The Irish Debate On Judicial Activism, Lawrence Donnelly
The United States Federal Judiciary May Not Be A Third, Co-Equal Branch Of Government - What Are The Implications For The Irish Debate On Judicial Activism, Lawrence Donnelly
San Diego International Law Journal
In support of this argument, this essay first examines the language of Article III of the United States Constitution and then briefly reviews the origins of the widely held perception that the federal judiciary is a "co-equal" branch of government. It next considers Borkian constitutionalism, opining that if one is to read the Constitution as Bork urges, this essay's tentative proposition can't be far off the mark. The focus then shifts to the express language of the Irish Constitution, which accords a far greater responsibility to the judiciary than its American counterpart. In this context, it reviews some pronouncements in …
Here There Be Pirates: How China Is Meeting Its Ip Enforcement Obligations Under Trips, Kate Colpitts Hunter
Here There Be Pirates: How China Is Meeting Its Ip Enforcement Obligations Under Trips, Kate Colpitts Hunter
San Diego International Law Journal
This paper will examine whether China is meeting its obligations to protect IP rights under the TRIPS agreement, an international intellectual property trade agreement China acceded to upon joining the World Trade Organization (WTO). Moreover, it will address whether China's increased IP protection in law equals increased protection in fact. Part II will describe China's legal structure, its TRIPS obligations upon joining the WTO, and China's IP laws. Part III will discuss China's enforcement of these IP laws from the perspective of developed nations and from China's own perspective. Part IV includes suggestions on how China can improve its enforcement …
Foreword, Shanish M. Aloor
Foreword, Shanish M. Aloor
San Diego International Law Journal
The articles appearing in Volume 8 of the San Diego International Law Journal seek to offer insight and understanding into the international community. The first two articles examine the complexities involved in litigating international causes of action. Philip Moreman assesses the use of private rights of action before an international forum to enforce international laws. The article compares private rights of action with regulatory enforcement mechanisms to evaluate the respective costs and benefits. Yann-Huei Song examines the prospect of judicial intervention in fishery disputes involving fishing entities in Taiwan. The issue is complex because Taiwan is a not a member …
International Private Rights Of Action: A Cost-Benefit Framework, Philip M. Moremen
International Private Rights Of Action: A Cost-Benefit Framework, Philip M. Moremen
San Diego International Law Journal
This Article seeks to chart a different course, by developing and applying an analytical cost-benefit framework, for assessing the costs and benefits of PRAs to enforce international law before an international forum. This framework is drawn from various literatures. For example, there is much to be learned about the potential benefits and costs of PRAs in the international setting from the rich literature comparing domestic PRAs with domestic regulation in the American context. More broadly, the article employs a comparative institutional approach, using a comparison between PRAs and regulatory enforcement mechanisms to shed light on their respective costs and benefits. …
The International Tribunal For The Law Of The Sea And The Possibility Of Judicial Settlement Of Disputes Involving The Fishing Entity Of Taiwan - Taking Ccsbt As An Example, Yann-Huei Song
San Diego International Law Journal
The main purpose of this paper is to assess the possibility of judicial settlement of fishery disputes involving the fishing entity of Taiwan and examine the legal questions regarding jurisdiction over the disputes. This analysis is based on the articles related to dispute settlement that are provided in the SBT Convention, the ITLOS Statute and the international law of the sea and the judicial practice of the ITLOS and other relevant arbitration courts in the Southern Bluefin Tuna case. Following this introductory section, Section II describes the establishment of the CCSBT and the selection and application of the methods of …
Linking Global Warming To Inuit Human Rights, Marguerite E. Middaugh
Linking Global Warming To Inuit Human Rights, Marguerite E. Middaugh
San Diego International Law Journal
Under international law, the United States government has violated the Inuit's human rights by failing to take action against climate change. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights should find that the allegations of human rights violations by the Inuit are justified and rule in their favor. This Article first explores the impacts of climate change on the Inuit and each of the Inuit's basic human rights, which are implicated by the environmental changes. Next, the role and responsibility of the U.S. with respect to climate change is examined. This section discusses the current attitude and actions of the U.S. government, …
U.S. Asylum Law Out Of Sync With International Obligations: Real Id Act, Victor P. White
U.S. Asylum Law Out Of Sync With International Obligations: Real Id Act, Victor P. White
San Diego International Law Journal
Focusing on defensive asylum applications, this Comment examines whether certain provisions of REAL ID violate due process and international obligations to asylum seekers. Part I situates REAL ID within the historical context of nearly a decade of restrictive U.S. immigration law and over two decades of Executive Orders aimed at deterring a mass exodus of asylum seekers from reaching U.S. shores. Part II provides an overview of the U.S. asylum system and argues that the system produces inconsistent and sometimes arbitrary results, indicating that segments of the system do not satisfy international obligations. Part III outlines three provisions of REAL …
Bollywood Is Coming! Copyright And Film Industry Issues Regarding International Film Co-Productions Involving India, Timm Neu
San Diego International Law Journal
These developments and mutual correlating interests underscore the rising trend in the number of international co-productions and cinematographic co-operations with India. Still, the practice of movie making in India differs in many ways from industry structures in the U.S. or Germany, which shall be analyzed as potential co-production partners. Contractual relations, industry regulations, involved parties, and the legal rules are so distinct, that a comparative view from a producer's perspective shall bring into light the frameworks and copyright issues of international film co-productions involving India.
Vat? A Look Inside Canada's Experience With The Goods And Services Tax, Brandon A. Ketterman
Vat? A Look Inside Canada's Experience With The Goods And Services Tax, Brandon A. Ketterman
San Diego International Law Journal
Consumption taxes have been and continue to be utilized as a staple revenue producer within systems of taxation. The value-added tax (VAT) is one form of consumption tax that has grown in popularity among nations over the last several decades. In fact, after the passage of a goods and services tax (one type of VAT) in Australia in 2000, the United States now stands alone as the only remaining OECD nation, among its 30 members, without some form of a value-added tax on consumption. As the massive topic of tax reform continually appears at the forefront of the political landscape, …
Richard Posner Meets Reb Chaim Of Brisk: A Comparative Study In The Founding Of Intellectual Legal Movements, Samuel J. Levine
Richard Posner Meets Reb Chaim Of Brisk: A Comparative Study In The Founding Of Intellectual Legal Movements, Samuel J. Levine
San Diego International Law Journal
This Essay aims to examine some of the common elements of law and economics and the Brisker method that have contributed to their success as intellectual movements. Toward that end, the Essay compares the founding principles of these movements, exploring similarities in their essential characteristics. Part I presents and analyzes representative examples of the conceptual approach underlying each of these methods. Drawing on these and other examples of each method, Part II observes that the success of the methods stems in part from their common reliance on historical antecedents as well as their emphasis on conceptual frameworks broadly applicable within …
Foreword, Leslie A. Robinson
Foreword, Leslie A. Robinson
San Diego International Law Journal
This issue of the San Diego International Law Journal contains articles spanning a wide range of topics in international and comparative law. David Barnum cogently discusses the history of the "clear and present danger" test in the United States, and its increasing role in cases involving the advocacy of unlawful action before the European Court of Human Rights. This topic is of particular relevance today, as the war on terror requires us to make difficult choices in balancing protection of Constitutional liberties with national security. Jae Sung Lee explores the proposed multilateral framework on competition policy from the perspective of …
The Clear And Present Danger Test In Anglo-American And European Law, David G. Barnum
The Clear And Present Danger Test In Anglo-American And European Law, David G. Barnum
San Diego International Law Journal
This Article will examine the role that the danger test has played in the decisions of American courts and, more recently, in the decisions of British courts and the enforcement organs of the European Convention. Part I will briefly trace the immediate Anglo-American constitutional background from which the danger test emerged. It particular, it will examine the way in which the common law offense of seditious libel was defined by British judges and judicial commentators in the late nineteenth century. Part II will focus on the evolution in American law of judicial attempts to articulate both a "content-based" and an …
Towards A Development-Oriented Multilateral Framework On Competition Policy, Jae Sung Lee
Towards A Development-Oriented Multilateral Framework On Competition Policy, Jae Sung Lee
San Diego International Law Journal
The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) is a successful attempt by the international community to codify and unify the law of the sea. After long negotiations, the LOSC opened for signature at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) in 1982. Together with its two formal associations, the Part XI Implementation Agreement 1994 and the Straddling and Migratory Fish Stocks Agreement 1995, it is regarded as one of the most comprehensive documents ever adopted by the international community. The LOSC not only succeeded in addressing all topics covered …
Public Trust And Political Legitimacy: Conflict Of Interests And The Role Of The Parliament's Speaker In Israel And Europe, Lior Zemer, Eyal Kimel, Sharon Pardo
Public Trust And Political Legitimacy: Conflict Of Interests And The Role Of The Parliament's Speaker In Israel And Europe, Lior Zemer, Eyal Kimel, Sharon Pardo
San Diego International Law Journal
In its six sections, this Article examines the role of Speakers, the nexus between their many duties and powers, possible points of conflict among their different duties, as well as the connection between their official duties and personal interests. This Article takes the role of the Speaker of the Israeli Parliament as its organizing principle. Sections Two and Three discuss the constitutional underpinnings of conflicts of interest and the way in which these apply to Members of the Knesset. Section Four takes the Israeli Speaker as a test case and explores in greater details the many flaws and conflicts inherent …
Money Talks: The Influence Of Economic Power On The Employment Laws And Policies In The United States And France, Carole A. Scott
Money Talks: The Influence Of Economic Power On The Employment Laws And Policies In The United States And France, Carole A. Scott
San Diego International Law Journal
Money talks. Money changes everything. There is nothing money cannot buy. These are all familiar phrases used to describe the desirable, and undesirable, effects of money. Money can also mean power, and more specifically, economic power. Indeed, economic power is becoming an increasingly important concept for a wide range of academic disciplines. For example, the concept of economic power has heavily influenced a new theory of international relations, namely globalization. Many globalization theorists argue that economic power is replacing military power in global politics. Other scholars contend that globalization is creating a new world order where economics are the central …
The Interrelation Between The Law Of The Sea Convention And Customary International Law, Martin Lishexian Lee
The Interrelation Between The Law Of The Sea Convention And Customary International Law, Martin Lishexian Lee
San Diego International Law Journal
The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) is a successful attempt by the international community to codify and unify the law of the sea. After long negotiations, the LOSC opened for signature at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) in 1982. Together with its two formal associations, the Part XI Implementation Agreement 1994 and the Straddling and Migratory Fish Stocks Agreement 1995, it is regarded as one of the most comprehensive documents ever adopted by the international community. The LOSC not only succeeded in addressing all topics covered …
The Obligation To Use Force To Stop Acts Of Genocide: An Overview Of Legal Precedents, Customary Norms, And State Responsibility, Joshua M. Kagan
The Obligation To Use Force To Stop Acts Of Genocide: An Overview Of Legal Precedents, Customary Norms, And State Responsibility, Joshua M. Kagan
San Diego International Law Journal
Though the Genocide Convention was created to "liberate mankind from [the] odious scourge" of genocide, the dreams of its drafters have still not come to fruition. The commission of genocide, widely considered the most appalling of all crimes, did not end with the signing and ratification of the Convention in 1948. Genocide continues in the world today. While its sentiments were noble and its aims commendable, the Genocide Convention as it is interpreted and applied today is insufficient to stop the commission of genocide in the world. In order to rid the world of this crime, a new interpretation of …
Circumventing The Supremacy Clause? Understanding The Constitutional Implications Of The United States' Treatment Of Treaty Obligations Through An Analysis Of The New York Convention, Amber A. Ward
San Diego International Law Journal
The United States participation in treaties and other international agreements is becoming more necessary and an increasingly prevalent occurrence as a result of globalization. The rapid pace of technological innovation and more effective means of transportation have caused our world to shrink, making countries even more interconnected. The corresponding explosion of international business and commercial transactions has resulted in high levels of risk and uncertainty due to a complex mix of laws, monetary factors, politics and cultures that vary across countries. For global players, it has become essential to have international agreements that can mitigate the risks inherent in international …
Trips: With A Painful Birth, Uncertain Health, And A Host Of Issues In China, Where Lies Its Future, Allan Segal
Trips: With A Painful Birth, Uncertain Health, And A Host Of Issues In China, Where Lies Its Future, Allan Segal
San Diego International Law Journal
In recent decades, the United States and other western nations have used pragmatic and theoretical reasons to justify a strong, global intellectual property ("IP") regime. From a practical perspective, economically mature nations clearly have a direct, vested interest in preventing the piracy of patented goods and ensuring that their domestic agendas maximize financial protection for inventions or creations. Nevertheless, the supranational disregard of patent protection and IP piracy has a financial impact on numerous companies, as well as the taxpaying citizens, in developed countries. These disparate foundations for basic IP rights result in a haphazard theoretical grounding to the Agreement …
The Right Of Publicity: Recovering Stolen Identities Under International Law, Emily Grant
The Right Of Publicity: Recovering Stolen Identities Under International Law, Emily Grant
San Diego International Law Journal
This Article proceeds from the assumption that the claims just hypothesized ought to be universally recognized to entitle a celebrity to an action for infringement of his or her right of publicity. It surveys the possibilities for protection of the right of publicity under current international intellectual property law. First, it briefly describes the American right of publicity doctrine as well as the policy shortcomings of the American doctrine and points out the lack of explicit protection for the right in other countries. It next explores the foundations of the right of publicity through a triptych of doctrines - including …
Litigating Child Recruitment Before The Special Court For Sierra Leone, Noah B. Novogrodsky
Litigating Child Recruitment Before The Special Court For Sierra Leone, Noah B. Novogrodsky
San Diego International Law Journal
In May 2004, the Special Court for Sierra Leone issued a landmark decision finding that an individual may be held criminally responsible for the offense of recruiting child soldiers into armed conflict. As a hybrid tribunal established by the United Nations and the Government of Sierra Leone to try those who "bear the greatest responsibility" for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed during the country's civil war after November 1996, the Special Court is the first international criminal body to indict a person for the crime of recruiting and employing children in war. The decision in the case of …
Brief Of The University Of Toronto International Human Rights Clinic As Amicus Curiae To The Special Court For Sierra Leone, Noah B. Novogrodsky
Brief Of The University Of Toronto International Human Rights Clinic As Amicus Curiae To The Special Court For Sierra Leone, Noah B. Novogrodsky
San Diego International Law Journal
This brief addresses three questions: 1) the illegality of recruiting child soldiers into armed conflict; 2) the application of penal sanctions in international humanitarian law; and 3) the proper application of the principle of nullum crimen sine lege. Part I of our argument will establish that the recruitment of children into armed conflict is and was unquestionably a violation of international humanitarian law at the time the alleged offences took place. Part II will explain when international law permits prosecution of violations of international humanitarian law irrespective of whether penal sanctions are attached. Amici conclude that such prosecutions are permitted …
Foreword, Leslie A. Robinson
Foreword, Leslie A. Robinson
San Diego International Law Journal
The articles appearing in Volume 7 of San Diego International Law Journal span the globe and cover the breadth of international law. The concept of globalization offers a prism through which to view the articles in this issue. The first three articles are focused on Africa. Nsongurua Udombana eloquently addresses the need for both debt relief and the full integration of Africa into the global trading system. Karol Boudreaux analyzes the conflict over land rights in Nigeria's Plateau State under the Land Use Act of 1978, which nationalized all land in Nigeria. Edward Fluet discusses the impact of the trade …