Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Law of the Sea (29)
- International Trade Law (27)
- Intellectual Property Law (23)
- Comparative and Foreign Law (22)
- International Humanitarian Law (21)
-
- Law and Economics (18)
- Conflict of Laws (17)
- Cultural Heritage Law (16)
- Human Rights Law (12)
- Criminal Law (9)
- Dispute Resolution and Arbitration (9)
- Legal Education (7)
- Environmental Law (6)
- Law and Politics (3)
- Military, War, and Peace (3)
- International Relations (2)
- Law and Philosophy (2)
- Legal Writing and Research (2)
- Political Science (2)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (2)
- Transnational Law (2)
- Antitrust and Trade Regulation (1)
- Arts and Humanities (1)
- Constitutional Law (1)
- Criminal Procedure (1)
- Energy and Utilities Law (1)
- Epistemology (1)
- Immigration Law (1)
- Keyword
-
- : human rights, teaching international human rights law, attracting students, active teaching methods (1)
- ABNJ, Access and Benefit Sharing, BBNJ, Marine Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge. (1)
- ASEAN (1)
- ASEAN, De-centrality, US-China, rivalry, South China Sea (1)
- ASEAN, impact, policy, strategy, sea transportation (1)
-
- AUKUS, Indo-Pacific, Maritime Security, Trilateral Defense Pact. (1)
- Academic Bill of Indonesian PIL (1)
- Access to information copyright, Kerala, Marrakesh Treaty, visually impaired (1)
- Accountability, Autonomous weapon systems, Human control, International humanitarian law, International criminal law. (1)
- Advisory Opinion, Apartheid, Occupation, Palestine, Prolonged Occupation. (1)
- Advisory opinion, Deep Seabed Mining, International Seabed Area (1)
- Advocacy, Asset Recovery, Civil Society Organizations (1)
- Afghanistan, Bonn Conference, Socio-political and Culture Dimensions, Republic of Afghanistan, Transitional Justice, 2001-2021. (1)
- Agricultural, Big Data, Environment Justice, Legal Challenges, Sustainability Goals (1)
- Alternative dispute resolution, contract, mediation. (1)
- Angklung, culture, digital economy, diplomacy, intellectual property (1)
- Applicable law (1)
- Arbitral award, Foreign arbitral award, Public policy, Public order, Recognition and enforcement. (1)
- Arbitration Rules. (1)
- Archipelagic States, Maritime Boundary Delimitation, Drying reefs, Mauritius, Maldives. (1)
- Archipelagic state, jurisprudence, maritime boundaries (1)
- Archipelagic waters, Arms export control, Cyber operations, Law of neutrality, Non-aligned movement. (1)
- Arrangement, fisheries, maritime, provisional, regulation (1)
- Artemis Accords, common heritage of mankind, developing countries, Moon Agreement, Southeast Asia. (1)
- Artificial intelligence, autonomous space object, liability, responsibility, Liability Convention, Outer Space Treaty (1)
- Artificial intelligence, cyberspace, framework, international law. (1)
- Asia, Hong Kong, international law, legal education, private international law (1)
- Asian law schools, flipped classroom, international human rights law education, pedagogical reformulation, problem-based learning (1)
- Assimilation, othering, otherness, refugees, right against discrimination. (1)
- Asylum, Refugee, Protection, South Asia, Calculated Kindness (1)
Articles 121 - 150 of 291
Full-Text Articles in International Law
Dapatkah Anak Indonesia Diadopsi Oleh Orang Asing Ditinjau Dari Aspek Hukum Perdata Internasional, Rizal Arif
Dapatkah Anak Indonesia Diadopsi Oleh Orang Asing Ditinjau Dari Aspek Hukum Perdata Internasional, Rizal Arif
Indonesian Journal of International Law
International adoption of Indonesian child is a part of International Private Law matter, such as there was a case that is done by a white person who discovered by the police while taking 9 babies (one untul three months old) in the Airport of Kemayoran, Jakarta, which is suspected as babies trafficking. Or, there was the desire to do an Indonesian child legal adoption of wealthy Singaporean couple without knowing the procedure. The member of Babies trafficking fenomenont has been increasing since the economic crisis happened in July 1997 and the globalization era of free trade, where the border among …
Belajar Dari Kegalalan Politik Pengelolaan Sda Orde Baru: Studi Kasus Kalimantan Timur, Aleksis Jemadu
Belajar Dari Kegalalan Politik Pengelolaan Sda Orde Baru: Studi Kasus Kalimantan Timur, Aleksis Jemadu
Indonesian Journal of International Law
The province of East Kalimantan has the largers tropical forests in Indonesia. throughout the era of the New Order government under President Soeharto the natural resources especially tropical forests were sistematically exploited without any serious effort on the part of the government and private companies to take care of the social and environmental aspect of such exploitation. As a result, severe environmental degradation took place and the local people in the country side lost their sources of livelihood. In the midst of the presence of multinational corporations and private forest concessionaires ironically there were enclaves of poverty. In this area …
Tropical Deforestation As An International Externality: The Property Right Issue, Endah Murniningtyas
Tropical Deforestation As An International Externality: The Property Right Issue, Endah Murniningtyas
Indonesian Journal of International Law
The developing countries frequently blamed as a party who did the deforestation or do the forest logging. The developed countries try to give a penalty the developing countries with inserting environmental values to trade values. It caused a dispute between the parties because the developing countries highly dependent with the production of the major commodity, whose derived from the forest. In general, approved that the use of natural resources should pay attention the impact to the environment, either it is domestic or global environment. The universal environmental regulation and the environment whose adjusted with the boundaries in trade, in one …
Memerangi Kejahatan Kehutanan Dan Mendorong Prinsip Kehati-Hatian Perbankan Untuk Mewujudkan Pengelolaan Hutan Yang Berkelanjutan Pendekatan Anti Pencucian Uang, Bambang Setiono, Yunus Husein
Memerangi Kejahatan Kehutanan Dan Mendorong Prinsip Kehati-Hatian Perbankan Untuk Mewujudkan Pengelolaan Hutan Yang Berkelanjutan Pendekatan Anti Pencucian Uang, Bambang Setiono, Yunus Husein
Indonesian Journal of International Law
If the illegal logging is just a criminal whose involve the poor society which their life depend to the forest, truck driver or forest guards whose underpaid, that criminal would not be difficult to stop. With the involvement of support from the illegal logging funders, which usually called cukong, illegal logging industry and government employees, the illegal logging has become a complex problem, not only in Indonesia, but also for the international forest community. The forestry law enforcement approach which now is running failed to capture the mastermind of illegal logging. But, the money laundering law enforcement approach which with …
Berbagai Aspek Globalisasi Dan Pengaruhnya Pada Tata Hubungan Internasional, Burhan D. Mangeda
Berbagai Aspek Globalisasi Dan Pengaruhnya Pada Tata Hubungan Internasional, Burhan D. Mangeda
Indonesian Journal of International Law
The aim of the paper is to discuss the trend of globalization from political, ideological, security and defence, economics, socio cultural and international lawpoint of views, and their influences in forming the New World Order. The Trend shows the dominance of hte United States as the emerging og the United States as the ‘sole superpower’ and the spread of the ‘free market’ and liberalism. In terms of international law, there is a sneed to form interstates regulations regarding the flow of people, capital, informatio and other goods acctoss national boundaries.
Memahami Desentralisasi Fungsional (Perbandingan Praktek Di Belanda, Jepang, Usa, Dan Jerman), Irfan Maksum
Memahami Desentralisasi Fungsional (Perbandingan Praktek Di Belanda, Jepang, Usa, Dan Jerman), Irfan Maksum
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Functional decentralisation practices in developing countries are mixed with the so-called privatisation which is a part of economic desentalisation and/or delegatuon of administrative decentralisation. This concept research is important in order to understand the concet of decentralisation as a whole. This article tries to make comparison of functional decentralisation practices in four countries: the Netherlands, Japan, the United States, ang Germany.
Pengaturan Perang Dan Konflik Bersenjata Dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Teguh Sulistia
Pengaturan Perang Dan Konflik Bersenjata Dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Teguh Sulistia
Indonesian Journal of International Law
War and armed conflicts have been the major problems in international law especially for their dejected impacts such as physical, psychological, and material loss for the victims. Wars and armed conflicts are subject to international humanitarian law so that people are protected from the soldiers’ violence where they kill each other in defending their national interests. Humanitarian law also has a purpose to protect wounded soldiers and prisoners of war from inhuman treatments. However, these wars and armed conflicts shoul be prevented because they have more disadvantages than advantages to human beings.
Doha Development Agenda Negotiations On Agriculutal Sector, Asiantono Siambella
Doha Development Agenda Negotiations On Agriculutal Sector, Asiantono Siambella
Indonesian Journal of International Law
When Doha Round offically opens in Doha, Qatar in November 2001, the parties of the WTO agreed the round named by Doha Development Agenda (DDA). The majority developing countries argues that the previous round was created the regulations whose just make the developed countries gain more profit and dominate global trade. This article gave the information on the DDA development in agriculture, in order to increase the reformation in agriculture to get the fair and equal global trade system, this article gave the proportional picture and position whose shown by the developing countries in the WTO rounds in 3 problems, …
Pertanian Indonesia Dalam Perundingan Aturan Perdagangan Internasional, Delima Hasri Azahari, Iskandar Panjaitan
Pertanian Indonesia Dalam Perundingan Aturan Perdagangan Internasional, Delima Hasri Azahari, Iskandar Panjaitan
Indonesian Journal of International Law
It is a paradox that Indonesian agriculture would prefer a market oriented condition to enhance its economic performance but at the same time it requires at significant degree of Government intervention to maintain its economic and non-economic goals to face with economic globalization. The existence of market imperfection as an argument of government intervention on agricultuer of developing countries and it is being worsened by biased trade policies applied by developed countries. By realizing its unfaded importance, Indonesia should see the paradox and consider i then makeing position for negotiations on market liberaliazation of agriculture.
Kepentingan Pertanian Indonesia Dalam Perdagangan Internasional, Anton Apriyantono
Kepentingan Pertanian Indonesia Dalam Perdagangan Internasional, Anton Apriyantono
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Trade on Agriculture has been reformed since January 1995. It was a resultof Uruguay Round and staed on Agreement on Agriculture. However, its implementations have given negative aspects to developing countries. It was caused by the malfunction of specific protection mechanism. Besides, special and differential treatment, created by developed countries, is not implemented effectively. Accordingly, sector on Agriculture has been being negotiated since the Doha Round in 2001.
Workers`S Rights According To Islamic Law Persepective (The Principle Of Mudharabah) That Can Be Applied In Trade And Investment Agreements, Gemala Dewi
Indonesian Journal of International Law
The practice of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in developing countries often cause the labor problems, such as the labor on strike demanding higher wages or the severance pay as the results of the “down-sizing” whose made changes etc. In the country who has inadequate labors regulation or even does not have a strong labors union, it is difficult to enforce the rights of the labors. With the extreme separation position system between the labors and the employer, the problem is always decreasing, so the concept of alternative working relationship to solve this problem. The mudharabah principle in working agreement may …
Perlindungan Tahanan Pada Kamp-Kamp Penahanan Amerika Serikat, Yasmine Ms Soraya
Perlindungan Tahanan Pada Kamp-Kamp Penahanan Amerika Serikat, Yasmine Ms Soraya
Indonesian Journal of International Law
On May, 19th 2006, UN Anti-Torture Committee delivered a report that suggest a closing of the Guantanamo detention camp. The government of the United States of America then look an action by establishing the Law on Interrogation. The law stipulates several principles such as interrogation method and trial on terrorism that somehow legalizes the use of any means of force in such process. Another possibility that is stipulated in the Law is a conviction even the evidence is not visible. Tje protection of prisoner in the United States of America’s detention camp is regulated by both International law and national …
Karakteristik Tindak Pidana Dalam Statuta Icc Dan Dampak Pembentukan Pengadilan Pidana Internasional (Icc) Terhadap Perkembangan Hukum Pidana, Romli Atmasasmita
Karakteristik Tindak Pidana Dalam Statuta Icc Dan Dampak Pembentukan Pengadilan Pidana Internasional (Icc) Terhadap Perkembangan Hukum Pidana, Romli Atmasasmita
Indonesian Journal of International Law
International community has emphasized their commitment to combat “the most serious crime of the concerns to the international regarding the nature and the characteristic of such crimes that are often misunderstood amongst the professionals in Indonesian criminal law. Those differences lead to subsequent conquences on state’s criminal jurisdiction, particularly after considering the trans-boundary nature of such crime. The establishment of the International Criminal Court has created a new legal institution in international criminal law. It has reflected a significant change of criminal law that have been recognized since the 18th century.
Problem Of Human Rights In World Politics: Three Indonesian Case Studies, Aleksis Jemadu
Problem Of Human Rights In World Politics: Three Indonesian Case Studies, Aleksis Jemadu
Indonesian Journal of International Law
The problems of human rights in the global political arena makes the interaction between the actors, even it is a state or non-state after the end of the cold war. In this article, the perspective of international and domestic is used to discuss the extent of the human rights affect those actors. In an international perspective, the emerging of global terrorism threat is start by the September 11th 2001 accident whose be the new challenge for the promotion of human rights because the dominant states will feature the domestic security and international instead of the honor of the human rights. …
Human Rights In Indonesia, Hikmahanto Juwana
Human Rights In Indonesia, Hikmahanto Juwana
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Indonesia is the parties of international convention on human rights. Indonesia has raised the problems of human rights from its constitution, even the problem is not the main concern. Another aspect which has the important role to the protection of human rights besides the substantive law is the institution, either it is a government institution or non government institution, whose dealing with the human rights problem. The National Commission on human rights (KOMNASHAM) is the first government institution whose established for handling the problems of human rights.
Perlindungan Hak-Hak Perempuan Dalam Perkawinan Campuran Berdasarkan Instrumen-Instrumen Internasional Tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, Mutiara Hikmah
Perlindungan Hak-Hak Perempuan Dalam Perkawinan Campuran Berdasarkan Instrumen-Instrumen Internasional Tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, Mutiara Hikmah
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Mixed marriage is common thing in Indonesia. The Data collected by the Civil Register Office said, this type of marriage is increasing from time to time. Mixed marriage, however, has strong relation with women rights concerning nationality aspect. The regulation about women rights are embodied comprehensively, in both national and international human rights instruments. However, the protection of women rights, especially in nationality aspect from the mixed marriage, has not been addressed properly.
Traktat Internasional Dan Paradoks Globalisasi, Emmy Yuhassarie Ruru
Traktat Internasional Dan Paradoks Globalisasi, Emmy Yuhassarie Ruru
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Since the creation of means of transportation to transfer people from one place to another, there was an indication of the ambiguity of State’s intention in international relation. State’s or Government’s motivation to interact with foreign party has always been triggered by the direct or indirect needs of such State or Government. It can be based on plenty of reasons such as expansion, trade, inexpensive human resources, negotiation, or investment reason and so forth. In many interests, State has acted or functioned as an intermediary. Following the colonization period, each State’s interaction will be based on its free will and …
Dampak Perkawinan Campuran Terhadap Pemeliharaan Anak, Zulfa Djoko Basuki
Dampak Perkawinan Campuran Terhadap Pemeliharaan Anak, Zulfa Djoko Basuki
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Nationality is a basic need for everyone who lives in this world because of its effect. Nobody can live without nationality. It gives protection and certainty to fulfill the needs of human being. At implementation level, nationality can bring some rights and some obligations. To convince it will run smoothly, nationality has its own rule and principle. It is different between one country and another but the principle can be categorized into two, which are ius sanguinis or ius soli. Indonesia bases its nationality rule or ius sanguinis principle, as embodied in Law Number 62 Years 1958 on Nationality. Unfortunately, …
Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang, Yunus Husein
Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang, Yunus Husein
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Money laundering is considered as a transnational organized crime. The logic of elimination money laundering is to omit the criminal’s motivation to enjoy their proceed of crime. The efforts to eliminate money laundering is much related to the issues of national jurisdiction. Thus, it requires international cooperation among countries, where international law is needed. Eventhough there is still no specific convention about money laundering, but regulation about money laundering is partially arranged in some conventions such as Vienna Convention 1988 and in UN Convention on Transnational Organized Crimes 2000. Indonesia has enacted a regulation is amended by UU No. 25 …
After Sale Service To Imported Goods In Realizing Law Enforcement Of Consumer Protection, Wulanmas A. P. G Frederik
After Sale Service To Imported Goods In Realizing Law Enforcement Of Consumer Protection, Wulanmas A. P. G Frederik
Indonesian Journal of International Law
The prominent issue in globalization era is the emergence of great attention to the issues of the law enforcement of consumer protection and the distribution of the incoming imported goods freely to Indonesia. The impact of open economic embraced by Indonesia causes the swift flow of goods and service into Indonesian territory. The effect of Indonesia in international economy is insignificant, but in contrary, the effect of International economy to Indonesian economy is highly significant. Consequently, the insignificant Indonesian effect on international economy causes Indonesia is having difficulty to compete in international trade. Therefore, Consumer Protection Act becomes public needs …
The Law Of Satellite Communications: Filling In The Gaps, Amir Hossein Mesgari Hagh, Reza Karam
The Law Of Satellite Communications: Filling In The Gaps, Amir Hossein Mesgari Hagh, Reza Karam
Indonesian Journal of International Law
The modern international system of information and communication requires equal development of satellite communications on both legal and technical dimensions. Lack of regulations of satellite communications and inefficiency of present international law concerning, for example, the issue of non-interference in national sovereignty of nations has caused some countries to encounter many problems in different areas such as cultural invasion and the decline of nations’ sovereignty by satellite communications. In this article, suggestions are offered concerning the way governments and international organizations can help deal with the shortcomings related to the law of space. First, states’ responsibilities as to enacting rightful …
Legal Analysis On Interlink Between International And National Instruments Towards Woman Rights In Indonesia, Tri Lisiani Prihatinah
Legal Analysis On Interlink Between International And National Instruments Towards Woman Rights In Indonesia, Tri Lisiani Prihatinah
Indonesian Journal of International Law
International instruments such as the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the Internasional Covenants on Civil and Political Rights and Social and Cultural Rights, and the Convention for the Elimination of Discrimination Agaist Women (CEDAW) have led to what has been called a juridical revolution. Under these international instruments, the idea of all these rights including woman rights has been constitutionalized in almost all countries and practically all countries are now committed internationally to respect and ensure the woman rights of their citizens. In this paper international instruments relating the woman rights and their domestic enforceability are covered. Using juridical-normative approach, …
Indonesia’S Archipelagic State Status: Current Development, Dhiana Puspitawati
Indonesia’S Archipelagic State Status: Current Development, Dhiana Puspitawati
Indonesian Journal of International Law
A crucial, almost revolutionary, development in the international law of the sea was the recognition of archipelagic state principles within the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (LOSC). The essential features of archipelagic state principle laid down by Part IV of LOSC include permission to draw straight archipelagic baselines around the outermost points of the outermost islands of archipelagos; and the recognition of the new and distinct legal regime of archipelagic water for the waters thus enclosed of a nature designed to accommodate the interests of maritime user states, that are states which carry out certain …
Connecting Indonesia’S Maritime Cabotage And The 1982 United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea, Nilam Andalia Kurniasari
Connecting Indonesia’S Maritime Cabotage And The 1982 United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea, Nilam Andalia Kurniasari
Indonesian Journal of International Law
On 7 May 2008, Indonesia enacted Law 17/ 2008 on Shipping (Shipping Act) which substituted Law 20/1992 on Shipping. In the new Shipping Act, maritime cabotage is scheduled to take its full effects on 7 May 2011, exactly three years after its enactment. By the scheduled time, domestic seaborne transportation in Indonesian territorial waters shall be carried out by Indonesian shipping companies, using Indonesian-flagged vessels manned by Indonesian citizens. As a result, foreign flagged vessels will be excluded from transporting goods and/or passengers between islands or ports within Indonesian territorial waters. Among the important reasons for the implementation of this …
Validity Of Digital Signature As Evidence In Electronic Commerce, Patricia Audrey Ruslijanto
Validity Of Digital Signature As Evidence In Electronic Commerce, Patricia Audrey Ruslijanto
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Trade is a way to promote economy, recognized that trade is important, urge the emergence of new trading concept. Electronic Commerce is the succumbed attendance of faceless trading. Alongside the development of technology, crimes also develop rapidly. Cyber crime is the type of crime in the virtual world. Recognized this problem, the appearance of security system in cryptography is well developed. Digital Signature is the manifestation of cryptography in asymmetric cryptosystem. Ironically well problem solving of this condition is not entails with its position as evidence in electronic contract. In evidence law, the presence of digital signature is approved as …
Indonesian First Experiences In Delineating Extended Continental Shelf Submission To The Unclos, Sobar Sutisna, Sora Lokita
Indonesian First Experiences In Delineating Extended Continental Shelf Submission To The Unclos, Sobar Sutisna, Sora Lokita
Indonesian Journal of International Law
The international law, in particular the Law of the Sea Convention (hereinafter: LOSC), has provided a progresive development to Indonesia in the context its territory and jurisdiction. Indonesia as one of the parties of the United Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 has the right to establish its maritime zones in accordance with the convention. One of those maritime zones is the continental shelf. The delineation of the outer limit of the continental shelf is referred to Article 76 of LOSC. With that regard, Indonesia has just recently completed a process of the first partial submission of its …
Global Administrative Governance: Liberalization Of Government Procurement In Third World Countries, Ade Maman Suherman
Global Administrative Governance: Liberalization Of Government Procurement In Third World Countries, Ade Maman Suherman
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Globalization and the rise of global governance are transforming the structure of International law. From the perspective of the classical, interstate consent-based international law, global governance may still appear merely as a quantitative increase in international legal instruments. On the other hand, some requirement for adoption international law is needed, particularly through a classic scheme for binding force of international law into national legal system. Classic method means that such agreement which is concluded by states. One of the interstate consent based international law is Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) which legally binding agreement in the WTO focusing on the subject …
The 2001 Cape Town Convention On International Interests In Mobile Equipment/The Aviation Protocol And Relevant Issues In Indonesian Aviation Law, Mieke Komar Kantaatmadja
The 2001 Cape Town Convention On International Interests In Mobile Equipment/The Aviation Protocol And Relevant Issues In Indonesian Aviation Law, Mieke Komar Kantaatmadja
Indonesian Journal of International Law
The 2001 Cape Town Convention provides a mechanism for recognizing and recording international security interest in high- value moveable equipment. However, Law No.83 of 1958 did not mention the recording of secured private rights or security interests in aircrafts. Furthermore, Law No.15 of 1992 on Airport Transportation succeeded Law No.83 of 1958 which contained some rules on secured rights in aircraft. Chapter X of the new law no 1 of 2009 on Aviation could be regarded as the implementation of the Ratified Cape Town Convention and its Protocol. Does it mean that a national interest should be registered in the …
Perspectives On Enhancing Safety And Security In Indonesian Waters, Kresno Buntoro
Perspectives On Enhancing Safety And Security In Indonesian Waters, Kresno Buntoro
Indonesian Journal of International Law
The Indonesian waters are for world seaborne trade, naval movement, and other maritime interests. So it has a strategic value for maintaining economic security, peace, and stability in the region. Indonesia has the responsibility to address the challenges presented by activities conducted in its waters, such as marine pollution, depletion of marine resources and criminal activities at sea. These challenges also arise out of the fact that there are only a few provisions in the United Nations Law of the Sea Convention which regulate the obligations of ships or user states to share the burden faced by states which possess …
Cyber Terrorism Prevention And Eradication In Indonesia And Role And Functions Of Media, Edmon Makarim
Cyber Terrorism Prevention And Eradication In Indonesia And Role And Functions Of Media, Edmon Makarim
Indonesian Journal of International Law
The objective of terrorist is to create widespread fear to the society. This issue has then direct or indirect influent to the role of print and electronic media. Nowadays, the terrorist acts are carried out not only with physical violence but also by non-physical means through the medium of internet as a global communication. The main question is, whether terror groups could be protected as part of the freedom of expression. This article discusses mainly on the prevention and eradication of cyber terrorism in Indonesia and its relations to the role and function of Media.