International Law Commons^™

Note, Beyond The Rhetoric Of Comparative Interest Balancing: An Alternative Approach To Extraterritorial Discovery Conflicts, Michael P. Scharf

Faculty Publications

In recognition of these deficiencies of comparative interest balancing, this note proposes not a better rule of law, but rather a more realistic and coherent process for extraterritorial decisionmaking in cases involving conflict between discovery and foreign blocking statutes. This note focuses on the distinction between interest balancing within the realm of "private law" and "public law." The critical difference lies in the fact that interest balancing in public law cases has operated as a means of asserting the primacy of U.S. interests'' in the guise of applying a "jurisdictional rule of reason." Although courts profess to apply a comparative …

The Jury Is Still Out On The Need For An International Criminal Court, Michael P. Scharf

Faculty Publications

In 1989, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the 1990s to be "The Decade of International Law." Moreover, 1990, which witnessed both the devolution of the Cold War and the effective use of the United Nations to coalesce universal support for international action against Iraq for its invasion of Kuwait, was a year of renewed optimism for international institutions. It is therefore fitting that proposals for an international criminal court should, at this time, get a fresh look from the international legal community. Towards this end, in the words of the U.S. Representative to the United Nations Sixth (Legal) Committee …

Empire Forgotten: The United States's Colonization Of Puerto Rico, Ediberto Román

Faculty Publications

This Article tells a story of two countries: the first, a world power through its noble proclamations concerning human rights, led the charge for the recognition of a people's right to choose their political and socio-economic future; the second, because of its domination by the first, has been unable to have its people choose their political and socio-economic future. 10 In analyzing this relationship, this Article demonstrates how the United States, by denouncing imperialism while at the same time quietly enjoying its benefits, resembles the "colonizer who refuses."

The Politics Of Establishing An International Criminal Court, Michael P. Scharf

Faculty Publications

Any substantive evaluation of the plan for an international criminal court requires first an understanding of the political currents that underlie the competing proposals. This piece briefly explores the politics of creating a permanent international criminal court. In particular, this comment examines three related issues: (1) the need for an international criminal court, (2) the political obstacles involved in creating such an institution, and (3) the prospects for success in light of these obstacles.

The Case For A Permanent International Truth Commission, Michael P. Scharf

Faculty Publications

This Article presents the case for the establishment of a permanent international truth commission as an adjunct to a permanent international criminal court or domestic prosecutions. Such a commission would be available to countries in the aftermath of situations involving grave humanitarian or human rights crimes. From the experience of the several international and national truth commissions established to date, this Article seeks to distill a framework for a pro- posed permanent international truth commission which would avoid the major problems that afflicted its predecessors. A draft statute for a permanent international truth commission is appended at the end of …

Equilibrium Theory, The Ficas Model, And International Banking Law, Raj Bhala

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Critique Of The Yugoslavia War Crimes Tribunal In Report Of The International Law Association On An International Criminal Court, Michael P. Scharf

Faculty Publications

It is ironic that history has not been altogether kind to the Nuremberg Tribunal, labeling it "victor's justice," denouncing its application of ex post facto law, and rebuking its procedural shortcomings. Fifty years later, the world community has created another war crimes tribunal - the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. In its first annual report, this new Tribunal stated that "one can discern in the statute and the rules a conscious effort to avoid some of the often-mentioned flaws of Nuremberg and Tokyo." Because it will serve as the model for future ad hoc tribunals and a permanent …

Discovery In International Legal Developments Year In Review: 1996, Christopher J. Borgen

Faculty Publications

American procedure regarding international discovery stems from 28 U.S.C. §§ 1781-83, and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (FRCP or Rule) 28(b). Broadly speaking, these rules are concerned with the mechanics of assessing requests for discovery in the United States to assist a proceeding in a foreign country and attempts by one or more parties before a U.S. court to obtain evidence located in another country. This article serves as a brief review of developments during the year.

Applying Equilibrium And The Ficas Model: A Case Study Of Capital Adequacy And Currency Trading, Raj Bhala

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Beyond Bosnia And In Re Kasinga: A Feminist Perspective On Recent Developments In Protecting Women From Sexual Violence, Linda A. Malone

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The International Trial Of The Century? A Cross-Fire" Exchange On The First Case Before The Yugoslavia War Crimes Tribunal, Michael P. Scharf, Valerie Epps

Faculty Publications

This Article is an expanded version of a presentation delivered at the Conference of International Law Journals on March 29, 1996, in Washington, D.C.

The Persistent Nation State And The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, Mark L. Movsesian

Faculty Publications

One hears a great deal these days about the decline of the nation state. The concept of a sovereign country whose inhabitants share a common ancestry or culture is said to be obsolescent, if not already obsolete. Several factors, apparently, are responsible: the creation of supranational institutions like the European Union and the World Trade Organization; the growing influence of nongovernmental organizations; the emergence of a new global economy; and the formation of a worldwide consumer culture, to name just a few. The law, it is argued, must adapt.

The decline of the nation state is, of course, the premise …

Restrictions On Law Enforcement Investigation And Prosecution Of Crime, Paul Marcus

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Green Helmets: A Conceptual Framework For Security Council Authority In Environmental Emergencies, Linda A. Malone

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Children's Rights In Intercountry Adoption: Towards A New Goal, S. I. Strong

Faculty Publications

Each year, hundreds of thousands of children languish in foster or institutional care worldwide, while at the same time, thousands of adults, married and unmarried alike, are denied children because of “shortages.” How did this tragedy occur, and why does it continue to be repeated daily in countries around the world? The unfortunate truth is that many of the legal and societal norms now in place effectively prohibit needy children from finding suitable homes. While potential parents in Western countries cry out for babies of their own, millions of children live in physical and psychological poverty in underfunded orphanages around …

Musical Chairs: The Dissolution Of States And Membership In The United Nations, Michael P. Scharf

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Book Review Of Principles Of International Environmental Law, Linda A. Malone

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Interstellar Relations Of The Federation: International Law And Star Trek: The Next Generation, Michael P. Scharf, Lawrence D. Roberts

Faculty Publications

A recent University of Toledo Law Review article concerning the legal issues
dealt with in the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation (STNG)
became an overnight national sensation. Given that, during its seven seasons of
first-run episodes; STNG had been the most popular syndicated series on
American television, it is perhaps not surprising that the article should engender
so much public attention. The article, written by law professors Paul Joseph and Sharon Carton of Nova Southeastern University Law School, was not intended as however. Rather, it was a serious examination of the way STNG United Federation of Planets dealt …

The Theory And Practice Of Regional Organization Intervention In Civil Wars, Christopher J. Borgen

Faculty Publications

The United Nations' reach in peacekeeping is fast outdistancing its grasp. Spread across seventeen countries, the U.N.’s over 80,000 civilian and military personnel monitor cease-fires, protect aid convoys, and separate warring parties. As the U.N. extends its arms, financial resources seem to slip through its fingers like grains of sand. In short, the U.N. lacks the resources to continue increasing its peacekeeping responsibilities.

In An Agenda for Peace (Agenda), Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali proposes that part of the solution to the economic problems of the U.N. lies in reconsidering how regional organizations interact with the U.N., a suggestion which revisits a …

Discussion In The Security Council On Environmental Intervention In The Ukraine, Linda A. Malone

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Tragedy, Irony, And Protectionism After Bcci: A Three-Act Play Starring Maharajah Bank, Raj Bhala

Faculty Publications

Post-BCCI legal developments regarding the regulation of foreign banks raise serious concerns of protectionism. The Foreign Bank Supervision Enhancement Act of 1991 and revisions to Federal Reserve Regulation K impose significant new legal burdens on foreign banks seeking to establish a physical presence in the U.S. The new legal regime reflects a tragic sacrifice of the principle of free trade in banking services in order to placate a fear of "bad" foreign banks. Ironically, the sacrifice of this principle by Congress and the Federal Reserve is incongruous with efforts of the United States Trade Representative (USTR). The USTR has negotiated …

A Pragmatic Strategy For The Scope Of Sales Law, The Statute Of Frauds, And The Global Currency Bazaar, Raj Bhala

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Banning The Cultural Exclusion: Free Trade And Copyrighted Goods, S. I. Strong

Faculty Publications

For centuries people have expressed themselves through creative works of art and literature, and since 1557 artists and authors have been able to protect their rights to their creative works through various national copyright laws. National copyright laws basically grant a monopoly in the use of the work to its creator. Copyrighted goods, however, are often easily transported across national boundaries, and thus national copyright laws may provide inadequate copyright protection in the international marketplace. The necessity for international copyright protection has been met to some extent by copyright conventions. International copyright conventions, like national copyright laws, define the scope …

Interpreting U.N. Sanctions: The Rulings And Role Of The Yugoslavia Sanctions Committee, Michael P. Scharf, Joshua L. Dorosin

Faculty Publications

Part I of this article provides, for the first time, a systematic analysis of over one hundred key rulings of the UN Yugoslavia Sanctions Committee, grouping them into categories for easy reference.7 It is hoped that this digest of important Sanctions Committee rulings will aid the members of the Sanctions Committee in identifying and following precedent, aid governments in implementing the sanctions, and assist businesses (and their lawyers) in operating under them.' This Article does not, however, purport to be a comprehensive survey of all of the Sanctions Committee's cases, or even all of its important cases. Indeed, one of …

Reflections On The Jeffersonian Ideal Of An Agrarian Democracy And The Emergence Of An Agricultural And Environmental Ethic In The 1990 Farm Bill, Linda A. Malone

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Book Review Of Federal Courts And The International Human Rights Paradigm And World Justice? U.S. Courts And International Human Rights, Linda A. Malone

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Basle Committee Minimum Standards : International Regulatory Response To The Failure Of Bcci, Duncan E. Alford

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Country/Region Reports -- United States Of America, Linda A. Malone

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Book Review Of The Law Of War, Linda A. Malone

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Taking Evidence And Breaking Treaties: Aerospatiale And The Need For Common Sense, James G. Dwyer, Lois A. Yurow

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.