International Law Commons^™

Colloquium On Rome Ii: The 2007 Regulation On The Law Applicable To Non-Contractual Obligations -- European And American Perspectives, Diana Wallis, Gabriel M. Wilner, Russell J. Weintraub, Symeon C. Symeonides, Johan Meeusen

Colloquia

Diana Wallis, vice president of the European Parliament, joined other American and European experts in private international law to explore new European Union legislation on the law applicable to torts and to compare it to approaches in U.S. law during a two-day event sponsored by the University of Georgia Dean Rusk Center - International, Comparative and Graduate Legal Studies and the Georgia Society of International and Comparative Law. The colloquium was held November 5-6, 2007 in the Larry Walker Room of Dean Rusk Hall.

Targets And Timetables: Good Policy But Bad Politics?, Daniel M. Bodansky

Scholarly Works

From a policy perspective, a climate architecture based on economy-wide, binding emissions targets, combined with emissions trading, has many virtues. But even such an architecture represents good climate policy, it is far more questionable whether it represents good climate politics -- at least in the near-term, for the upcoming "post-2012" negotiations. Given the wide range of differences in national perspectives and preferences regarding climate change, a more flexible, bottom-up approach may be needed, which builds on the efforts that are already beginning to emerge, by allowing different countries to assume different types of international commitments – not only absolute targets, …

Finding International Law: Rethinking The Doctrine Of Sources, Harlan G. Cohen

Scholarly Works

The doctrine of sources has served international law well over the past century, providing structure and coherence during a time when international law was expanding rapidly and dramatically. But the doctrine's explanatory power is increasingly being challenged. Current doctrine tells us that treaties are international law; empirical evidence, however, suggest that treaties are poor predictors of state practice. The expansion of the international community, the rise of human rights, developments in international legal theory, and the international system's need to adapt to changing circumstances, have all also put pressure on the reified role of "treaty" in identifying rules of international …

Georgia Journal Of International And Comparative Law Editorial And Managing Boards 2007-2008, Georgia Journal Of International And Comparative Law

Materials from All Student Organizations

No abstract provided.

What Is The Definition Of An "Organ" Under The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act?, Peter B. Rutledge

Scholarly Works

Did the court of appeals have jurisdiction to review the district court's remand order, notwithstanding 28 U.S.C. 1447(d)?

does a company wholly owned by a Canadian crown corporation -- that is itself wholly owned by the Canadian Province of British Columbia and that performs obligations and exercises rights of the Province pursuant to a treaty with the United States -- quality as an "organ" of a foreign state or political subdivision under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act?

Punish Or Surveil, Diane Marie Amann

Scholarly Works

This Article endeavors to paint a fuller picture of previous practice and present options than is often present in debates about the United States' antiterrorism measures. It begins by describing practices in place before the campaign launched after September 11, 2001. The Article focuses on punishment, the first prong of the policy long used to combat threats against the United States. Ordinary civilian and military courts stood ready to punish persons found guilty at public trials that adhered to fairness standards, and national security interests not infrequently were advanced through such courts. That is not to say that courts were …

Case Selection In Three Supreme Courts: A Comparative Perspective, J. Randy Beck, Anna Nagaeva

Popular Media

This paper brings a comparative perspective to an important procedural issue faced in many judicial systems. It examines the exercise of the power of case selection in three supreme courts that have each been given some degree of control over whether to accept particular cases for review. The focus is on two American courts, the Supreme Court of the United States (USSC) and the Supreme Court of Georgia (GASC), as well as one Russian court, the Supreme Arbitrazh (Commercial) Court of the Russian Federation (SACRF).

A Penny For Your Thoughts: Private And Collective Contracting For Traditional Medicinal Knowledge Modeled On Bioprospecting Contracts In Costa Rica, Katie Bates

Georgia Law Review

For decades, pharmaceutical companies have prospected biologically diverse developing countries for plants and molecules that may form the foundations of groundbreaking medicines. In many cases, native populations have aided researchers by directing them to the plants used in their traditional medicines. Only recently, however, have native peoples pushed for compensation for this valuable contribution. The governments of developing countries, too, have begun to assert legal and physical control over their natural resources, making access to these resources by pharmaceutical companies more difficult and costly. Simultaneously, scientific developments have made drug discovery through alternative methods more feasible. Despite these changes, it …

Judicial Review Of International Commercial Arbitral Awards By National Courts In The United States And India, Aparna D. Jujjavarapu

LLM Theses and Essays

Article V of the New York convention lays down the provisions under which the recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award may be refused. The United States and India are signatories to the Convention. Section 10(a) of the Federal Arbitration Act in the United States limits the scope of judicial review of the arbitral awards to a clear list of grounds of vacatur. The national courts of the United States have recognized several non-statutory grounds of which "manifest disregard of the law" as a standard of review is the focus in this thesis. In fact, the state of Georgia has …

Comfort Women: Human Rights Of Women From Then To Present, Jinyang Koh

LLM Theses and Essays

This paper discusses the human rights of women through the atrocities in the Japanese comfort system during World War II. Approximately 100,000 military sexual slaves, so-called "comfort women", were recruited coercively, raped and mostly killed under the control of the Japanese government and military. The stance of Japan which has denied any legal liability in this matter affects severely the retrogression of the human rights of women. In order to ameliorate the human right at both international and domestic levels ultimately, it is significant to observe the facts of the comfort women issue, to analyze the legal liabilities of the …

The Need For A Transnational Appellate Arbitral Review Body, Priya Sampath

LLM Theses and Essays

This thesis analyzes the necessity for the establishment of a transnational body of arbitral appeal. The paper also elaborates on how the establishment such a body will serve as a suitable replacement for judicial review and be an effective source of appeal in general. Also prescribed are suggestions based on which the appellate body may be conceived.

Ethiopia's Sovereign Right Of Access To The Sea Under International Law, Abebe T. Kahsay

LLM Theses and Essays

Since Eritrea’s secession from Ethiopia there has been continuous opposition by intellectuals and the opposition to the government’s policy of making Ethiopia a landlocked country. Some totally reject the secession, while others accept the independence as a "fait accompli" and voice concern over the lack of an outlet to the sea, and still others acknowledge the right of self-determination and secession of Eritrea but denounce the inconsistency of the application of the Transitional Charter regarding the Red Sea Afar and the Algiers Agreement for denying Ethiopia its legitimate right to access to the sea and allege that the government is …

International Legal Standards Governing The Use Of Child Soldiers, Dorcas B. Mulira

LLM Theses and Essays

This paper seeks to analyze the international laws governing the use of children in armedconflict. Despite the prohibition of the use of child soldiers in armed conflict in internationallaw, States and non-State actors continue to actively recruit, abduct, and directly use children,some as young as eight, in hostilities. International humanitarian law's limited scope prevents itfrom protecting the worldÕs most vulnerable children, child soldiers, while human rightsinstruments adopted to make up for these limitations lack enforcement mechanisms, thereforerendering the much-needed protection for child soldiers inadequate. As development ofinternational law concerning child soldiers progresses on paper, progress on the ground lagsbehind, thus …

Medical Tourism: Symptom Or Cure?, Kerrie S. Howze

Georgia Law Review

"Medical tourism" is the phrase used to describe the phenomenon whereby patients travel to a foreign country to consume medical services. This practice has gained momentum in recent years, largely due to accessibility and affordability issues plaguing the U.S. healthcare system. Notably, medical tourism has progressed from being only an option considered by uninsured or under-insured individuals to an option considered by employers as a means of reducing the cost of employee health benefits. This Note examines the medical tourism practice and discusses potential problems with the practice, specifically the lack of remedy in case of medical negligence. Although medical …

Georgia Journal Of International And Comparative Law Editorial And Managing Boards 2006-2007, Georgia Journal Of International And Comparative Law

Materials from All Student Organizations

No abstract provided.

International Law And Rehnquist-Era Reversals, Diane Marie Amann

Scholarly Works

In the last years of Chief Justice Rehnquist's tenure, the Supreme Court held that due process bars criminal prosecution of same-sex intimacy and that it is cruel and unusual to execute mentally retarded persons or juveniles. Each of the later decisions not only overruled precedents set earlier in Rehnquist's tenure, but also consulted international law as an aid to construing the U.S. Constitution. Analyzing that phenomenon, the article first discusses the underlying cases, then traces the role that international law played in Atkins, Lawrence, and Simmons. It next examines backlash to consultation, and demonstrates that critics tended to overlook the …

John Paul Stevens, Human Rights Judge, Diane Marie Amann

Scholarly Works

This article explores the nature and origins of Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens' engagement with international and foreign law and norms. It first discusses Stevens' pivotal role in the revived use of such norms to aid constitutional interpretation, as well as 1990s opinions testing the extent to which constitutional protections reach beyond the water's edge and 2004 opinions on post-September 11 detention. It then turns to mid-century experiences that appear to have contributed to Stevens' willingness to consult foreign context. The article reveals that as a code breaker Stevens played a role in the downing of the Japanese general …

Picking Our Battles: A Strategy For The United States In The Wake Of Mexico's Becoming A State Party To The International Criminal Court, Rachel Harkavy

Georgia Law Review

When Mexico became a state party to the International Criminal Court, it put the United States in the position of choosing between honoring its relationship with Mexico or staying true to its strong objections to the ICC. The downside of the first option is that the United States would be backing down from its anti-ICC stance; the downside of the latter is that the United States would not only disrespect Mexico in pushing it to sign a bilateral immunity agreement, but, since Mexico would likely refuse to enter into such an agreement, the United States would also be put in …

Tourism In Antarctica: History, Current Challenges And Proposals For Regulation, Juan Y. Harcha

LLM Theses and Essays

Tourism in the Antarctic has experienced rapid growth throughout the last fifteen years with over 30,000 people visiting the white continent during the 2005 - 2006 season. Such expansion offers a host of new activities for visitors to explore this immense wilderness, yet it brings considerable unease over the future of Antarctica. As of 1961, issues concerning the white continent have been dealt with under the Antarctic Treaty System, which has provided the forum for the discussion of numerous measures. This paper looks into the history of tourism, analyzes the main challenges such industry poses, and attempts an assessment of …

Supremacy And Diplomacy: The International Law Of The U.S. Supreme Court, Harlan G. Cohen

Scholarly Works

In 2003-2004, a Presidential campaign year dominated by debates about international affairs and international law, the U.S. Supreme Court took an unusual number of cases of international import. The Court considered the Alien Tort Claims Act and the future of human rights suits in U.S. courts, the applicability of the Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act to claims involving Nazi-stolen artwork, the applicability of American antitrust law to foreign anticompetitive activity, and the legality of the Guantanamo detentions. A great deal of ink has been spilled analyzing the individual impacts of each of these cases. What has been less considered is how …

A Negative Proof Of International Law, Peter J. Spiro

Scholarly Works

Important legal scholars have launched assaults against both the consequence and legitimacy of international law. These challenges are useful by way of testing international law's theoretical underpinnings, which, in the modern period at least, have never been very secure. With THE LIMITS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Jack Goldsmith and Eric Posner have done a service to those who put more faith in international law as a meaningful quantity. Especially in these the field's early renaissance years, understandings of international law should be considerably strengthened by the attack. Though I doubt the authors would thus conceive of their project, THE LIMITS OF …

Enforcement Of Human Rights Under Regional Mechanisms: A Comparative Analysis, Fekadeselassie F. Kidanemariam

LLM Theses and Essays

This is a study about the protection of human rights by regional human rights bodies. The thesis identifies the major regional human rights protection systems i.e. the African human rights system, the inter-American human rights System and the European human rights system. The paper examines the types of mechanisms employed by each regional system and examines each mechanism. The three major mechanisms dealt with in this work are inter-state complaints, state reporting, country reports, finally individual complaints, and execution of the judgments rendered by these regional bodies. The thesis analyzes the procedures involved in each of these mechanisms and examines …

How To Deal With Multi-Party Nominations Of Arbitrators In International Commercial Arbitration - A Comparative Study Of Appointment Procedures With Emphasis On U.S.-European Commerce Between Private Entities, Marie-Beatrix Tupy

LLM Theses and Essays

The nomination procedure for the Arbitral Tribunal in commercial arbitration is one of the crucial points in the arbitral procedure. Parties have to have in mind the provisions of the New York Convention regarding the setting aside of an award in case of a failure during the nomination procedure of the tribunal. Besides from the famous Dutco case on multi-party arbitrations and their nomination procedures have received highest interest within the international arbitral world. As the thesis will comparatively show, all major arbitral institutions have updated their Rules, countries have even rendered new legislation with respect to the nomination procedure …

International Law In Black And White, Daniel M. Bodansky

Scholarly Works

Is the study of international law an art or a science? Can the role of international law be explained by general rules, with predictive value? Or does it require the exercise of judgment, in order to account for the richness and complexity of international life? Traditionally, international lawyers have gravitated to the latter view, analyzing issues in an essentially ad hoc and eclectic manner. In their controversial new book, THE LIMITS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Jack Goldsmith and Eric Posner argue forcefully for a more scientific approach, relying on the methodology known as rational choice theory. The article examine the book's …

Does One Need To Be An International Lawyer To Be An International Environmental Lawyer?, Daniel M. Bodansky

Scholarly Works

The question I want to address is whether one can now say that IEL [International Environmental Law] represents a distinct field. Of course, it is a distinct field in the sense that it addresses a distinct set of problems and has developed a wide body of primary rules in response. However, is it a distinct field in the stronger sense of having its own characteristic methodologies and techniques?

U.S.-China Textile Trade: An Introduction, C. Donald Johnson

Scholarly Works

In the spring of 1999, the Office of United States Trade Representative (USTR) in the Clinton administration was heavily engaged in completing the negotiations on the terms of China's accession agreement to becoming a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The Chinese Premier at the time, Zhu Rongji, was scheduled to visit Washington in April, which created an "action forcing event" to complete the agreement for a signing ceremony with President Bill Clinton. After nearly fifteen years of negotiations the end appeared to be near, but several critical issues remained unresolved--including the highly-charged political issue of textiles.

Accountability Of Transnational Corporations Under International Standards, Lea Hanakova

LLM Theses and Essays

Due to the process of globalization and rapid economic evolution in the last several years, transnational corporations have become extremely powerful. There is an evident disproportion between the numerous rights enjoyed by transnational corporations and the scarce obligations undertaken by them. Given their transnational nature, transnational corporations have been successfully avoiding national regulations of both their home and host states, and they are seeking to operate in countries with the lowest standards so as to increase their profits. This has resulted in the violation of basic human rights. Therefore, there is an increasing need for the creation of international instruments …

Plea Bargaining At The Hague, Julian A. Cook

Scholarly Works

Plea bargaining has come to The Hague. For most of its existence, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) shunned plea bargains. However, under pressure from United Nations member states and the impending deadline for the resolution of its caseload, the ICTY has increasingly relied on plea bargains in recent months. This Article exposes the deficiencies in guilty plea procedures at The Hague, particularly those designed to assess whether a plea is fully informed and voluntary. In a series of case studies, the Article argues that judicial questioning techniques have exploited the vulnerable state of defendants appearing before …

Abu Ghraib, Diane Marie Amann

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This article posits a theoretical framework within which to analyze various aspects of post-September 11 detention policy - including the widespread prisoner abuse that has been documented in the leaks and official releases that began with publication of photos made at Iraq's Abu Ghraib prison. Examined are the actions of civilian executive officials charged with setting policy, of judicial officers who evaluated it, and military personnel who implemented it. Abuse has been attributed to failures of training or planning. The article concentrates on a different failure, the failure of law to keep lawlessness in check. On September 11, law's map …

Fig Leaves, Fairytales, And Constitutional Foundations: Debating Judicial Review In Britain, Lori A. Ringhand

Scholarly Works

This paper examines an ongoing debate about the origins and legitimacy of judicial review as practiced in Britain. I begin by examining how British law traditionally has attempted to justify judicial review of governmental actions. I then discuss how that orthodox view has been challenged, and how the proponents of the orthodoxy responded to that challenge. In doing so, I explain how the British debate has evolved into a far-reaching examination of the role of interpretive methodologies in legitimating judicial power. I conclude by exploring how the richness and depth of the British discussion can inform the larger debate about …