International Law Commons^™

Pembebanan Hak Tanggungan Pada Tanah Yang Belum Bersertipikat, Chenly Martua Sihombing

"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI

In a credit agreement that develops in the community, the Underwriting Right becomes an important requirement to ensure that performance is carried out in accordance with the agreement. The purpose of this study is to analyze related to the imposition of Mortgage Rights on land objects that have not been registered as regulated in Article 10 paragraph (3) of Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning mortgage rights over land along with objects related to land. The mechanism for encumbering Mortgage originating from girik, petok D, letter C or old customary rights which is carried out simultaneously with the first application …

Tinjauan Pengusahaan Air Dalam Pembangunan Plta Menurut Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Tentang Sumber Daya Air, Cerli Febri Ramadani

"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI

Changes in regulations regarding water exploitation have occurred in Indonesia and there are many rejections from various parties, namely when the Act No. 7/2004 on Water Resources changed the conception of state control over water resources to management by the private. That is what makes Act No. 7/2004 filed a judicial riview lawsuit to the Constitutional Court, and the end of the COURT's decision to repeal Act No. 7/2004 and re-enact Act No. 11/ 1974 About Watering. Which in Act No. 11/1974 adheres to the principle of joint ventures and family. In 2019 then, the government established a new regulation, …

Pengendalian Peredaran Produk Secara Mandiri Sebagai Instrumen Wajib Dalam Pelaksanaan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Korporasi Rokok: Sebuah Perspektif Sosio-Legal

"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI

The number of smokers and cigarette sales in Indonesia has been increasing every year. In parallel with that, the latent risk faced by society is increased. In the socio-cultural context, the cigarette industry has been transformed into a hegemony whose expansion is unstoppable. The circulation of cigarette products is still become an unresolvable problem. Such problem expands from merely legal issues to the ethical dimension. The corporate social responsibility carried out by the corporation tends to be in favor of promotional motive, or creating false public reputation, which makes its implementation often deviate from its philosophy. Inevitably, the smoking phenomenon …

Sinergitas Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja, Satuan Perlindungan Masyarakat, Dan Kader Siaga Tramtib Dalam Penyelenggaraan Ketenteraman Dan Ketertiban Umum, Arum Adji Wibowo

"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI

This article discusses the synergy in the implementation of the public convenience and orderliness. The purpose of this discussion is to introduce a form of people participation in the implementation of the public convenience and orderliness, and to explain how the relationship and also analyze the problems that arise between the Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP), the Community Protection Unit (Satlinmas), and the Cadre Siaga Tramtib (KST). To discuss the problems, this article explains the reasons and the background of why Satpol PP involving people participation. In relation to the problems that arise, this article argues that synergizing the …

Perubahan Skema Kerja Sama Pemanfaatan Energi Baru Dan Terbarukan Untuk Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik Menggunakan Tenaga Air, Andi Kurniawan

"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI

The utilization of clean and sustainable energy is one way to maintain energy resistance in particular electrical energy. Indonesia has a commitment to global plan to reduce the effect of greenhouse gases through the utilization of new and renewable energy. National energy mix targets based on national energy plan which puts priority to maximize the use of at least 23% renewable energy in the year 2025. But in the course of the target is experiencing various obstacles one of them is an investment that is not attractive to developers due to the low price of new energy electricity, as well …

Jangka Waktu Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha Dalam Penyediaan Suku Cadang Berdasarkan Hukum Yang Berlaku Di Indonesia Dan Perbandingannya Dengan Ketentuan Hukum Di Negara Lain, Amelia Saptiana Dewi

"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI

Consumer protection is an effort to guarantee legal certainty for consumers related to their rights, as well as for business actors related to their obligations to consumers. The Consumer Protection Law was established to improve the dignity and status of consumers and to ensure that businesses actors are responsible for the goods that they sell. Consumer protection law imposes many obligations that must be fulfilled by business actors, one of which is the obligation to provide spare parts as stipulated in Article 25 of the Consumer Protection Act (CPA). Article 25 paragraph (1) of the CPA states that "Business actors …

Pembubaran Partai Politik Di Indonesia, Ahmad Iskandar Nasution

"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI

The indonesian state in democracy always tries to guarantee the rights of its citizens to freedom of association and assembly. This guarantee of human rights is enshrined in the constitution, Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. The right of association and assembly is a vehicle for establishing a political party. In the dynamics of the state, it is always related to the dynamics of political parties. This political party plays a major role in determining the policy direction and goals of a country. The development of a political party can also shake a country, so the need for restrictions on the establishment …

Penegakan Hukum Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi Suap Menyuap Dan Gratifikasi Di Indonesia, Ahmad Fahd Budi Suryanto

"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI

The regulating efforts regarding corruption is a long process that has been going on since the issuance of Law Number 1 of 1946 concerning Criminal Law Rule on February 26, 1946 which made the legal basis for the change of Wetboek van Strafrecht voor Netherlands Indie to Wetboek van Strafrecht (WvS), which then known as the Criminal Code. Until now, regulations regarding corruption have been amended with the latest changes through Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendment to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption and Law Number 7 of 2006 concerning Ratification of the United Nations …

Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Untuk Melakukan Pengujian Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (Studi Kasus Pengujian Perppu Nomor 1 Tahun 2013), Aditya Ilmam Perdhana

"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI

The Constitutional Court has the authority as stipulated in the Constitution of 1945, one of which is to examine the Law against the Basic Law. In the statutory regulatory system in Indonesia there is a statutory regulation that has the same position and hierarchy as the Law, namely the Government Regulation in Lieu of Law or commonly known as Perppu. The Perppu is a legal product issued by the President on the basis that the state is in a precarious state of force and the Perppu must then be submitted to the House of Representatives (DPR) for later to be …

Pengaruh Hubungan Kekuasaan Antara Pusat Dan Daerah Terhadap Kewenangan Perizinan Pertambangan Mineral Dan Batubara, Adamy Nurdin

"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI

The dynamics of regulating the authority of mineral and coal mining licenses between the center goverment and the regions goverment has led to less positive conditions for investment in mining. The latest regulation on regional government is regulated in Law Number 23 of 2014, drawing back the implementation of forestry, maritime affairs, as well as energy and mineral resources from the district/city government to the central government and the province government. This means that the regency/city government is no longer given authority in all matters relating to forestry, marine affairs, as well as energy and mineral resources. That the passage …

Kajian Teori Hukum Mengenai Liberalisasi Perbankan Di Indonesia (Analisa: Teori Hukum Pancasila Dalam Bidang Ekonomi Terhadap Regulasi Mengenai Keberadaan Modal Asing Dalam Perbankan Di Indonesia), Anissa Rizkytia

"Dharmasisya” Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI

The Indonesian economy has a backbone in the banking sector to drive the wheels of the national economy through its vital function as a financial intermediary. Indonesian banking is held based on economic democracy with the principle of prudence. However, since the 1998 global economic crisis and the impact of globalization which has affected Indonesia, there have been policy changes including regulatory changes in the Indonesian economic sector. This change is also included in the banking sector, where the flow of liberalization is getting stronger. Before the crisis, foreigners who want to invest in banking can buy a bank's shares …

Shelter From The Storm: Human Rights Protections For Single-Mother Families In The Time Of Covid-19, Theresa Glennon, Alexis Fennell, Kaylin Hawkins, Madison Mcnulty

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

COVID-19’s arrival, and the changes it has unleashed, reveal how longstanding legal and policy decisions produced structural inequalities that have left so many families, and especially single-parent families with children, all too insecure. The fragility of single-mother families is amplified by the multifaceted discrimination they face. While all single parents, including single fathers and other single relatives who are raising children, share many of these burdens, this Article focuses on the challenges confronting single mothers.

Federal policy choices stand in sharp contrast to the political rhetoric of government support for families. Social and economic policy in the twentieth century developed …

Christian Accounts Of Religious Liberty: Two Views Of Conscience, Joel Harrison

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Catholicism, Liberalism, And Populism, Andrea Pin, Luca P. Vanoni

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

For Facebook’S Sake: Getting Conversant With Human Rights, Deborah Pearlstein

Online Publications

Each time I read a new article or interview with an American lawyer or legal scholar reacting to the recent decision by the Facebook Oversight Board (FOB) to invoke international human rights law in sustaining Facebook’s suspension of Donald Trump – I feel seized by the impulse to respond with an unsolicited public primer on what international human rights law (IHRL) is. It is not an unfamiliar feeling. On the contrary, the impulse (which I experience as uncomfortably paternalistic) has emerged repeatedly in the past, say, 20 years, during any one of countless exchanges with lawyers or academics who have …

Invoke Your Right To Remain Silent After You Confess: Self-Reporting Regulations And Potential Conflicts With International Law Prohibiting Compulsory Self-Incrimination, Patrick Testa

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Climate Change, Competition & Conflict Along The River Nile: The Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam & Shifting Customary International Water Law, Salma Shitia

Fordham Environmental Law Review

Decade-long negotiations between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia surround the decision to build the hydroelectric power plant along the River Nile. For much of Ethiopia, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam represents a beacon of prosperity. For countless Egyptians, the structure embodies a potential catastrophe. Grounded in threats of displacement for Egyptian agricultural communities, some have compared the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam crisis to disasters culminating in mass migration.

This battle for natural resource access has intensified as climate change exacerbates the region’s dire conditions. Specifically, exhaustible resource allocation amid climate change indicates that …

A Paper Tiger? Prosecutorial Regulators In China’S Civil Environmental Public Interest Litigations, Chunyan Ding, Huina Xiao

Fordham Environmental Law Review

In July 2015, China’s national legislature brought in prosecutor-led civil environmental public interest litigation (“EPIL”) for thirteen selected provincial areas of the country. After a two-year legal experiment, this prosecutor-led civil EPIL system was then established nationwide in July 2017. Yet, can it be said that prosecutorial regulators in China are in fact a paper tiger? Drawing upon content analysis of the 655 prosecutor-led civil EPILs and in-depth interviews with twelve frontline prosecutors and judges, this article examines the dynamics of regulatory practice and the motivation of the Chinese prosecutorial organs to engage in environmental regulation through litigation. Based upon …

The Yoga Analogy: Scaling-Up The U.S.’S Renewable Energy Sector Mindfully With New Technologies, Evolving Standards, Public Buy-In, Data Sharing, And Innovation Clusters, Kimberly E. Diamond

Fordham Environmental Law Review

This paper focuses on innovative renewable energy devices, exploring how scientifically-based industry standards that continuously evolve with engineering design technology, the public’s buy-in and feeling of connectedness with groundbreaking devices, and innovation clusters that accelerate device development through data sharing and public-private partnerships can all help advance the U.S.’s domestic renewable energy industry.

Part I analyzes challenges inherent to scaling- up novel renewable energy technologies while simultaneously developing the industry standards regulating them. Part II uses the Block Island Wind Farm, an offshore wind demonstration project, and Pavegen’s globally-deployed arrays of piezoelectric smart flooring tiles as examples illustrating the importance …

Environmental Racism: Using Environmental Planning To Lift People Out Of Poverty, And Re-Shape The Effects Of Climate Change & Pollution In Communities Of Color,, William C.C. Kemp-Neal

Fordham Environmental Law Review

In the mid-1900s the United States began to see a rise in concern for environmental awareness issues. In the early days the movement focused on things like clean air, water and pollution but by the 1970s-1990s many prominent environmental awareness groups began to form focused on the idea that in order to avert climate change the principal goal needed to be to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. In 1987 a report was released called Toxic Waste and Race, which outlined an intimate link between the placement of environmental hazardous waste sites in communities of color, and greater instances of polluted …

Beyond Equity: Shared Natural Resources And Human Rights, Criminal Law, And The Use Of Force, Eian Katz

Fordham Environmental Law Review

Transboundary resource disputes are often analyzed by reference to two nebulous and conflicting principles that have emerged in international environmental law: “equitable and reasonable utilization” and “no significant harm.” Frequently overlooked in this context is the potential value of other canons of international law—especially human rights law, criminal law, and the rules governing the use of force—in adding definition to the muddled contours of these foundational precepts. This Article therefore undertakes an assessment of sovereign rights and obligations regarding shared natural resources which arise from these other bodies of law. In doing so, it offers new lenses through which to …

Squaring The Cercla: Superfund And The Superfund Task Force, Manny Marcos

Fordham Environmental Law Review

The Superfund Task Force recently released its final report on the implementation of its recommendations for improving the Superfund program. The Task Force was given five goals for improving the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA’s”), implementation. These goals are to expedite cleanup and remediation, re-invigorate responsible party cleanup and reuse, encourage foreign investment, promote redevelopment and community revitalization, and engage with partners and stakeholders. While the Task Force’s recommendations have improved CERCLA’s implementation, many of CERCLA’s structural flaws remain intact. Specifically, CERCLA still has a severe shortage of funding, an unfair liability scheme, perverse incentives, …

The Case For Environmental Human Rights: Recognition, Implementation, And Outcomes, James R. May

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Nations-State In Protecting And Supporting Internally Displaced Persons, Daisy Byers

Master's Theses

The rising increase of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) has become a global problem. There are over 40 million internally displaced people globally, and 15.9 million are displaced in Africa. These displacements come into place due to war/conflict, corruption, massive human rights violations, natural disasters, urban renewal projects (at the hands of powerful nations such as America, China, France, UK, etc.), and large-scale development projects. According to UNHCR, refugees are people who have international cross-border. In contrast, internally displaced persons must stay within their own country and stay under the protection of their government, even if the government is the reason …

Jus Ad Bellum, Natural Law And The 2003 Invasion Of Iraq, Johnny Davis

Helm's School of Government Conference - 2021-2024

The legality of the invasion of Iraq is a vital question that goes to the heart of international law. The proper legal authority for military force and the overthrow of a sovereign government is the single most important area of international law.[1] This paper will consider whether the invasion of Iraq complied with the original intent of the Founding Fathers for the Constitutional authority to wage war and satisfied the requirements for a Just War under natural law.

Sovereign Authority And Rule Of Law: The Effect Of U.S. Use Of Torture On Political Legitimacy, Sydney Bradley

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Governmental sovereignty is created and maintained by mutual respect for the rule of law by the government and citizens. To maintain legitimacy, a government must act within the bounds of the contract that created it. Otherwise, the relationship founded by said contract would be nullified, as would the duties and obligations that flow from that relationship. Torture exemplifies an ultra vires act used by the United States to show the consequences of over-extended authority on political legitimacy and the rule of law. Founded on the philosophies of Hugo Grotius, Thomas Hobbes, and Christine Korsgaard, this research investigates the nature of …

Abandoning The Subjective And Objective Components Of A Well-Founded Fear Of Persecution, Grace Kim

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

Current asylum law requires that asylum seekers prove that they have a “well-founded fear of persecution.” However, a “well-founded fear”—the evidentiary standard in asylum cases—has remained ambiguous and difficult to apply in asylum cases. In Cardoza-Fonseca, the Supreme Court held that an asylum seeker can establish a well-founded fear with less than a 50% probability of future persecution. Although the Supreme Court sought to clarify the meaning of a well-founded fear, the decision has complicated the evidentiary standard by implying that it consists of two parts: the subjective component and objective component. The “subjective” component—the asylum seekers’ subjective fear …

Covid-19 Impacts: How A Global Pandemic Amid The Sunsets Of The Ptc And Itc Made The U.S. Wind And Solar Industries More Resilient, Kimberly E. Diamond

Fordham Environmental Law Review

A cataclysmic event is sometimes the necessary catalyst for companies within certain industries to re- examine, radically shift, and replace their standard practices with technologically-advanced alternatives. In the United States, the occurrence of the Coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) during the sunsets of the Production Tax Credit (“PTC”) and the Investment Tax Credit (“ITC”) created a unique confluence of factors that produced a perfect storm tantamount to such a cataclysmic event for companies in the wind and solar industries, particularly developers. Over the years, the domestic utility-scale wind industry has come to rely heavily upon the PTC, while the domestic utility- scale …

Illegal Discharge: Exploring The History Of The Criminal Enforcement Of The U.S. Clean Water Act, Dr. Joshua Ozymy, Dr. Melisssa L. Jarrell

Fordham Environmental Law Review

The criminal prosecution of defendants that violate federal clean water laws has been ongoing for roughly four decades. Yet, we continue to have a poor understanding of how federal prosecutors use the U.S. Clean Water Act (“CWA”) to charge and prosecute criminals and the outcomes of those prosecutions. We use content analysis to analyze 2,588 federal criminal prosecution case summaries, 1983-2019, to gain a better historical understanding of how the CWA has been used as a prosecutorial tool, to bring out the major themes in the prosecutions, and quantify sentencing outcomes. Findings from the 828 CWA prosecutions undertaken during this …

Red Tide: A Blooming Concern For Florida Manatees, Shannon Price Esq.

Fordham Environmental Law Review

Although red tides are a common and natural occurrence around the coast of Florida, within the last few decades they have intensified and become much more deadly. Several identifiable human-caused factors exacerbate the size, concentration, and duration of the harmful algae bloom and disturb the environment’s natural balance. The Florida Gulf Coast provides all the algae’s necessary requirements for survival, the perfect storm to create a resilient super bloom that annihilates its host ecosystem.

This article explains the plight of Florida manatees who, like other marine animals and plants, are being injured or killed by this algae crisis. It also …