Immigration Law Commons^™

Changes In Immigration Law And Practice After September 11: A Practitioner's Perspective, Asli U. Bali

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The article examines the significant changes in U.S. immigration law and practice following the September 11 attacks, highlighting how these changes have eroded civil liberties, particularly for Arab and Muslim communities. It argues that the misuse of immigration laws as a tool for anti-terrorism has led to a shift towards a security-state apparatus, undermining constitutional protections and setting a dangerous precedent for future infringements on civil liberties.

Limiting Rights In Times Of Crisis: Our Civil War Experience-A History Lesson For A Post-9-11 America, Paul Finkelman

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The article examines the tension between national security and civil liberties during crises, using historical examples such as the Civil War and post-9/11 America to argue that while some restrictions on liberties may be necessary, they must be carefully limited to prevent abuse of power and erosion of constitutional rights. The analysis emphasizes the importance of judicial and legislative oversight to ensure that emergency measures do not undermine fundamental freedoms.

National Security Entry Exit Registration System (Nseers), Kareem Shora

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The article argues that the National Security Entry-Exit Registration System (NSEERS) disproportionately targets Arab and Muslim individuals, violating their civil rights under the pretext of national security. It contends that the program exceeds the authority granted by Congress and is implemented in a discriminatory manner, leading to significant detentions and deportations without substantial security benefits.

Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Hondurans, And Colombians: A Scan Of Needs Of Recent Latin American Immigrants To The Boston Area, Miren Uriarte, Phillip Granberry, Megan Halloran, Susan Kelly, Rob Kramer, Sandra Winkler, Jennifer Murillo, Udaya Wagle, Randall Wilson

Gastón Institute Publications

The 2000 U.S. Census brought confirmation of the increase of the Latino population and of the growing diversity of Latino national groups that now make this region their home. Latinos now number 428,729, a 55% increase over their numbers in 1990. In 30 years, the Latino population has increased six-fold, and from its initial concentrations in Springfield, Holyoke, and Boston its presence is now a fact across the Commonwealth.

Massachusetts Latinos are also showing increasing diversity, matching that of the Northeast region and exceeding that of the nation. At the national level, Mexicans have a dominance that dwarfs all other …

Evading "Residence": Undocumented Students, Higher Education, And The States, Jessica Salsbury

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

National Identity Cards: Fourth And Fifth Amendment Issues, Daniel J. Steinbock

ExpressO

In the past two years there have been serious calls for a national identity system whose centerpiece would be some form of national identity card. Such a system is seen mainly as a tool against terrorists, but also as a useful response to illegal immigration, identity theft, and electoral fraud. Both proponents and opponents have noted the potential constitutional problems of such an identity system, but as yet there has been no published legal analysis of these questions. This article aims to fill that gap by analyzing the Fourth and Fifth Amendment issues in two major features of any likely …

In The Name Of National Security Or Insecurity?: The Potential Indefinite Detention Of Non-Citizen Certified Terrorists In The United States And The United Kingdom In The Aftermath Of September 11, 2001, Dana L. Keith

ExpressO

No abstract provided.

Used, Abused, Arrested And Deported: The Case For Extending Immigration Benefits To Protect Victims Of Trafficking And Secure Prosecution Of Traffickers, Dina F. Haynes

ExpressO

Trafficking is a hot issue, and as such, there have been a number of articles written on the issue. My article, however, is unique in many respects.

I address this article from my perspective of working directly with the governments of Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro to combat escalating trafficking in their countries over the course of four years in the Balkans.

This is the first article that pinpoints errors that governments continue to make in preparing legislation and anti-trafficking programs,

The first to enumerate proposals for enhancing victim protection measures,

The first to identify how enhancing victim protection will …

Homeland Security Policy: Deportment On Deportation, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides commentary on the appropriateness of deporting illegal aliens in support of homeland security policy.

The Qualities Of Mercy: Maximizing The Impact Of U.S. Refugee Resettlement, Daniel J. Steinbock

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Resettlement in the US. bestows a life changing benefit on thousands of overseas refugees. Because American refugee acceptance can never reach more than a tiny fraction of the world's millions of persecuted or oppressed, however, allocating this bounty requires the US. to choose the lucky few from the worthy many. Since the creation in 1980 of a permanent program of refugee resettlement, three different, and often conflicting, purposes have contended for its trove of immigration-like admissions slots. These are the removal of people from danger or hardship, the furtherance of a cluster of foreign policy objectives, and the facilitation of …

Asylum, Social Group Membership And The Non-State Actor: The Challenge Of Domestic Violence, Michael G. Heyman

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This Article argues that the current approaches to asylum claims based on "social group" membership under the U.N. convention Relation to the Status of Refugees are deeply flawed. The Refugee Convention confers asylum on persons persecuted for their membership in a particular social group. Courts have struggled with the boundaries of the social group definition, and there appears to be no coherent way to reconcile all of the court decisions on what groups qualify as social groups under the Refugee Convention.

This Article suggests that courts adopt a consistent definition of what constitutes a social group. The definition proposed in …

Failure To Advise Non-Citizens Of Immigration Consequences Of Criminal Convictions: Should This Be Grounds To Withdraw A Guilty Plea?, John J. Francis

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

In this Article, Professor Francis argues that non-citizen criminal defendants should be afforded greater latitude in withdrawing guilty pleas, when those pleas are made without awareness of potential immigration consequences. Moreover, the Article highlights the roles both judges and attorneys should play in ensuring that non-citizens do not enter into such uninformed pleas.

Noting that courts have characterized deportation as a collateral consequence of a criminal conviction, the article argues that deportation, following the passage of the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1996, is unique in its severity and certainty. Many of the same due process considerations which underpin the …

Ghost Workers In An Interconnected World: Going Beyond The Dichotomies Of Domestic Immigration And Labor Laws, Ruben J. Garcia

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Beginning with the September 11, 2001 ("9/11 ") terrorist attacks, the labor movement's plans to organize immigrant workers and achieve immigration reform have met serious challenges. After 9/11, the political climate surrounding immigrants put the AFL-CIO s hopes for legislative reform on hold, because of socially perceived connections between immigrants and terrorism. Then, in a March 2002 decision titled Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB, the U.S. Supreme Court held that undocumented immigrant workers could not collect back pay under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) when their rights to join unions are violated. According to the Court, back pay …

On The Need For Reform Of The H-1b Non-Immigrant Work Visa In Computer-Related Occupations, Norman Matloff

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

The H-1B program authorizes non-immigrant visas under which skilled foreign workers may be employed in the U.S., typically in computer-related positions. Congress greatly expanded the program in 1998 and then again in 2000, in response to heavy pressure from industry, which claimed a desperate software labor shortage. After presenting an overview of the H-1B program in Parts II and III, the Article will show in Part IV that these shortage claims are not supported by the data. Part V will then show that the industry's motivation for hiring H-lBs is primarily a desire for cheap, compliant labor. The Article then …

The Effect Of Expungement On Removability Of Non-Citizens, James A.R. Nafziger, Michael Yimesgen

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

For most of the twentieth century, a non-citizen was generally not subject to removal on the basis of a criminal conviction which had been expunged by the state that rendered the conviction. During that time, the definition of a "conviction" for purposes of immigration law was borrowed from the law of the state which rendered the criminal conviction. In the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IRIRA) of 1996 Congress sought to provide a more uniform definition of the term "conviction" sufficient to justify an order of removal under the immigration law. The IIRIRA does not mention expungement, however. …

The Pain Of Love: Spousal Immigration And Domestic Violence In Australia—A Regime In Chaos?, E. Odhiambo-Abuya

Washington International Law Journal

A fundamental step that the 1994 Australian Migration Regulations developed into the immigration framework was to grant certain concessions to non-Australian spouses and interdependent partners who suffer domestic violence at the hands of their Australian counterparts. Victims of domestic violence are eligible to apply for permanent residence notwithstanding the otherwise applicable two-year waiting period. To understand the domestic violence exception, this Article explores the jurisprudence that has emerged from courts and other immigration tribunals. The Article proposes that further legislative and policy changes should be made in order to seal identified "gaps," and to provide clear guidance to interested parties, …

The Fifty-Fifth Annual Cardozo Memorial Lecture: The Law's Evolution: Long Night's Journey Into Day, Albert M. Rosenblatt

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Notre Dame Lawyer - Spring 2003, Notre Dame Law School

Notre Dame Lawyer

Reaching Beyond Borders
Encounter with Migrants
Reinforces Importance of Justice

Subsidiarity as a Structural Principle of International Human Rights Law

Agent Orange Heads to the Supreme Court

A Bed for the Night: Humanitarianism in Crisis

Notre Dame Law School Faculty Focus: Professor Joseph Bauer

Friend-in-Law: Local Attorney Shares His Knowledge with Chilean Counterparts

Clynes Endowment Brings Chief Justice Rehnquist to Campus

Law School Announces Loan Repayment Assistance Program Established to Aid Those in Public Service

Law School Graduate Invested into the Sovereign Military Order of Malta

Categorical Approach Or Categorical Chaos? A Critical Analysis Of The Inconsistencies In Determining Whether Felony Dwi Is A Crime Of Violence For Purposes Of Deportation Under 18 U.S.C. § 16, Timothy M. Mulvaney

Faculty Scholarship

This Note addresses whether felony DWI constitutes a crime of violence for purposes of deportation. Part II of this Note surveys Congress's broad power over immigration and the government's role in deportation. Part III identifies the standard categorical approach to felony DWI offenses employed by both the courts and the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) in removal proceedings and analyzes the various conclusions that the courts have reached when interpreting a "crime of violence" under 18 U.S.C. § 16(b). Part IV evaluates an apparent departure from the implementation of this categorical approach in Dalton v. Ashcroft, proposing that this departure …

What Foreign Students Fear: Homeland Security Measures And Closed Deportation Hearings, D. Ray Mantle

Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Child Citizenship Act: Too Little, Too Late For Tuan Nguyen, Ashley Moore

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

How Much Do Western Democracies Value Famiily And Marriage? : Immigration Law's Conflicted Answers, Nora V. Demleitner

Scholarly Articles

None available.

America's Borders And Civil Liberties In A Post-September 11th World, Christopher H. Lytton

Florida State University Journal of Transnational Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Trafficking As A Human Rights Violation: The Complex Intersection Of Legal Frameworks For Conceptualizing And Combating Trafficking, Joan Fitzpatrick

Michigan Journal of International Law

The author will focus on three legal instruments: (1) the 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (the Trafficking Protocol); (2) the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act (VTVPA), enacted by the U.S. Congress in 2000; and (3) the regulations issued in 2002 by the U.S. Department of Justice to implement the T visa for trafficking victims. The U.S. response to trafficking illustrates the difficulties faced by human rights advocates in source, transit, and destination countries to insure that anti-trafficking and other migration …

A Wink And A Nod: The Hoffman Case And Its Effects On Freedom Of Association For Undocumented Workers, Jill Borak

Human Rights Brief

No abstract provided.

Trading In Human Misery: A Human Rights Perspective On The Tampa Incident, Irene Khan

Washington International Law Journal

The Tampa case does not stand in isolation. It is part of a wider pattern of restrictive asylum policies. To fully understand the significance of the Tampa case, one should go back more than two decades to the exodus of the Vietnamese boat people. Then, as now, boatloads of asylum seekers were pushed away, and refugees were detained on small islands, including, for example, Galang Island in Indonesia. Then, as now, many asylum seekers drowned as their calls of distress went unnoticed or unheeded. In response to this exodus, asylum, as a permanent solution to refugee problems, was diminished with …

Refugees And Responsibility In The Twenty-First Century: More Lessons Learned From The South Pacific, Guy S. Goodwin-Gill

Washington International Law Journal

[G]overnments throughout the world have tried to avoid dealing with the difficult questions raised by refugee and related movements. One method is to seek to redefine the problem as one not involving obligation or responsibility. Some governments also use the law in an attempt to limit the scope of their obligations. Another technique . . . is to engage in an exercise of extra-territorial jurisdiction . . . and to seek to justify that practice on the ground that somehow obligations towards refugees need not be observed. States have also tried detention, discriminatory treatment, and denial of other human rights …

The Failure Of Domestic And International Mechanisms To Redress The Harmful Effects Of Australian Immigration Detention, Adrienne D. Mcentee

Washington International Law Journal

Australia's Migration Act explicitly permits the government to detain non-citizens seeking entry without visas, including those who request asylum. Detainees wait up to five years for their immigration claims to be processed in detention centers managed by Australasian Correctional Management ("ACM"), a subsidiary of U.S. corporation Wackenhut Corrections. Arriving asylum-seekers often suffer the lasting effects of torture, threats of death, and other traumatic conditions-effects that are exacerbated by detention conditions. This Comment emphasizes detention's effects on children, who suffer health and other problems while detained. Detainees, Australian citizens, and overseas commentators are now protesting against the detention policy. The government's …

Introduction To The Refugee Law Forum, Joan Fitzpatrick

Washington International Law Journal

The ripple effects on refugee protection from the events of August and September 2001, arising out of the rescue at sea of 433 asylum seekers by the M/V Tampa, have been substantial. It is too early to determine whether they will be as profound and as corrosive as the impact of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 on other intemational legal norms, including those relating to preventive detention and to "securitizing international migration."' Australia's actions with respect to the Tampa and subsequent intercepted vessels, and its September 2001 legislation, establish a framework in which asylum seekers who arrive …

Damage Control: Staking Claim To Employment Law Remedies For Undocumented Immigrant Workers After Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. V. Nlrb, Elizabeth R. Baldwin

Seattle University Law Review

This Note explains why the Supreme Court's decision in Hoffman threatens to do the exact opposite of what the Court intended. Specifically, while the majority's opinion purports to maintain the integrity of IRCA, it will likely undermine the Act by encouraging employers to hire undocumented workers.' In addition to creating confusion, the Hoffman decision offends traditional notions of statutory construction by departing from both the text of the statute and the legislative intent. Furthermore, the holding has the de facto effect of forging a new way to investigate IRCA violations and grants employers a new defense to liability. Moreover, in …