Human Rights Law Commons^™

The Soviet Human Rights Doctrine In The Crossfire Between Dissidents At Home And Critics Abroad, F.J.M. Feldbruggge

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Political and foreign relations aspects, rather than justiciability and legal instrumentalities, have always been preponderant in So- viet human rights doctrine. It is widely admitted now, at least outside the Soviet Union, that the main purpose for the much- publicized inclusion of an extensive catalogue of basic rights in the 1936 Constitution of the USSR can only have been the crea- tion of a favorable impression upon the Western democracies.' One has to remember that this happened not only at a time when the victims of Stalinist terror were numbered in millions (making the constitutional pronouncements a lugubrious farce) but …

Books Received, C. C. S.

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

APPLICABLE LAW IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION By Julian D. M. Lew. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications,1978. Pp. 633.

COMPARATIVE LAW YEARBOOK Issued by The Center for International Legal Studies Germantown, Maryland: Sijthoff & Noordhoff, 1979. Pp. 300.

CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL LAW: A CONCISE INTRODUCTION By Werner Levi Boulder, Colorado: The Westview Press, 1979. Pp.391.

DIRECT INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE U.S. By Raymond J. Waldman Washington, D.C.: Transnational Investments, 1979.Pp. 413.

ENHANCING GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS Edited by J. I. Dominguez and others New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979. Pp. 270.

THE ETHNOGRAPHY OF LAW By Laura Nader Menasha, Wisconsin: American Anthropological Association, …

Whither The Commission On Human Rights: A Report After The 35th Session, Gerson Smoger

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The statement that the Commission on Human Rights "functions as the focal point of the United Nation's concentration on the international observance of human rights" is fraught with definitional inconsistencies. Throughout its existence one of the main problems faced by the members of the Commission has been to agree upon the appropriate limits of the expression "human rights." The question arises whether the term includes the right of a retired school teacher to speak out against his country's employment practices or his entitlement to receive social security after his departure from the teaching force. If these are both considered to …

To Bring To An End The State Of War: The Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty, John F. Murphy

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This article will describe and evaluate the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty, and set it in historical and contemporary perspective in order to highlight some of the primary problems facing decision-makers in their deliberations on approaches to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East. The article will then consider alternative courses of action available to the world community in light of principles of the United Nations Charter and of other sources of public international law and justice, political feasibility and the perceived interests of all parties to the conflict. Lastly, it will suggest new approaches to the problem, with a view …

Torture And Other Forms Of Cruel And Unusual Punishment In International Law, Steven Ackerman

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Although historically legal interest in human rights has been the special province of scholars, recent worldwide economic realignment has educated the public to global interdependency, vindicating those who foresaw a nexus between human rights and the maintenance of world order. "[A]n interdependent global community cannot sustain itself. .if the coin of common exchange is genocide and discrimination." A pragmatic understanding of the relationship between the maintenance of world order and the protection of human rights suggests that tolerance and fulfillment of the world expectation of human rights may not be a goal that can be universally achieved. It is, however, …

Books Received, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

HUMAN RIGHTS IN A ONE-PARTY STATE.

The International Commission of Jurists. London: Search Press, 1978. Pp. 133.

This work is a report of a seminar conducted by the international Commission of Jurists in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania in 1976. The topics discussed include the maintenance and furtherance of social and individual rights in the constitutional one-party systems which have developed in Eastern Africa since independence from colonial rule. Specific attention is focused on the experiences of Tanzania, Zambia, and Sudan.

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RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL.

By Oran Young.

New York: Nichols Publishing Company, 1977. Pp. 252.$16.00.

The emphasis of this …

Freedom Of Transnational Movement: The Helsinki Accord And Beyond, Daniel C. Turack

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Initial formal evaluation of the implementation of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe signed at Helsinki on August 1, 1975, [hereinafter Helsinki Accord] took place at a 35-nation conference in Belgrade during the period from October 4, 1977, to March 9, 1978. The Helsinki Accord, though not a treaty, sets forth various principles of governmental conduct concerning freedom of transnational movement. The Accord morally commits participating states to implement certain measures either domestically or with other states, to respect, promote, and encourage human rights and fundamental freedoms.

The Helsinki Accord is divided into three …

War Crimes Jurisdiction And Due Process: The Bangladesh Experience, Jordan J. Paust, Albert P. Blaustein

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Must any state that holds and controls prisoners either prosecute those accused of having committed serious violations of international law or extradite them to a state that will prosecute? Finally, would similar breaches of international law by India or Indian troops obviate any jurisdictional competence or duties of India or Bangladesh?

The questions seemed unusual, at least in view of the past practices of international tribunals of the United States in prosecutions of its nationals. Specific criminal applications of relevant international norms had been relatively sparse.' There were problems with the applicability of international norms to Bangladesh, especially during the …

Books Received, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

THE ARAB OIL WEAPON

By Jordan J. Paust & Albert P. Blaustein

Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, 1977. Pp. 370.$27.50.

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ARBITRATION IN SWEDEN

Stockholm: Stockholm Chamber of Commerce, 1977. Pp. 212. $25.00.

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THE DECLINE OF DEMOCRACY IN THE PHILIPPINES

A Report of Missions by William J. Butler, John P. Humphrey, & G.E. Bisson. Geneva: International Commission of Jurists, 1977. Pp. 97. $4.00.

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DE-RECOGNIZING TAIWAN: THE LEGAL PROBLEMS

By Victor H. Li

Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1977.Pp. 48. $1.50.

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EAST-WEST TRADE, A SOURCEBOOK ON THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF SOCIALIST COUNTRIES AND THEIR LEGAL …

Dual Claim And The Exhaustion Of Local Remedies Rule In International Law, B. O. Iluyomade

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Notwithstanding the anomaly of the procedural requirement that local remedies available in the respondent state must be exhausted before there can be diplomatic intervention on behalf of a national, there can be no doubt that the rule serves some very useful purposes and has become generally accepted. This is demonstrated by the significant role the rule now plays in the resolution of issues before the European Commission of Human Rights. Because the rule is often discussed in the context of a complaint of denial of justice, considerable difficulties may be encountered in determining when the rule should be complied with. …

Jurisdiction--The Short-Lived Death Of The Ker-Frisbie Doctrine, C. Jedson Nau

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Why the Second Circuit Court of Appeals chose to retreat from its Toscanino holding is unclear. The drastic nature of the remedy afforded by Toscanino to any defendant illegally abducted has been criticized as too inflexible. On the other hand, the Lujan rule allows the remedy only in the limited circumstances of egregious conduct. The problem remains to determine what remedy, if any, should be available to victims who are subjected to illegal but not outrageous governmental conduct.

The government has vigorously argued that federal narcotics law enforcement depends upon the freedom of officers to abduct suspects, particularly from South …

Political Prisoners: The Law And Politics Of Protection, David P. Forsythe

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

In the fall of 1975 the United States, in a much publicized step at the United Nations, introduced an abortive resolution calling for world-wide amnesty for political prisoners. Admittedly, this draft resolution was withdrawn because of crippling amendments, and it may well be that this American initiative was launched more to deflect criticism to others than to help political prisoners. But it seems to be the case--at least from a Western perspective--that political prisoners are becoming a more salient subject in world affairs. The concept of political prisoners has existed for quite awhile. In the last decade and a half, …

Books Received, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Chile: The Balanced View

Edited by Francisco Orrego Vicuna

Santiago: The University of Chile, 1975. Pp. 298.

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Codification in the Communist World--Symposium in Memory of Zsolt Szirmai Organized by Donald Barry, F.J.M. Feldbrugge & Dominick Lasok

Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1975. Pp. xv, 353. $42.50.

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Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons: Prevention and Punishment

By Louis M. Bloomfield & Gerald F. Fitzgerald.

New York: Praeger Publishers, 1975. Pp. xviii, 272. $16.50.

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Criminal Justice in Eighteenth Century Mexico

By Colin M. MacLachlan

Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974. Pp.viii, 141. $9.00.

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EEC Anti-Trust Law--Principles and Practice

By D. Barounos, …

Books Received, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Books Received

AFRICAN GOALS AND DIPLOMATIC STRATEGIES IN THE UNITED NATIONS By Moses E. Akpan

North Quincy, Mass.: Christopher Publishing House, 1976. Pp. 165. $9.95.

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BASIC PROBLEMS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY

Edited by P.D. Dagtoglou

Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1975. Pp. xvii, 286, $18.00.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY ON TAXATION OF FOREIGN OPERATIONS AND FOREIGNERS: 1968-1975

By Elisabeth Owens & Gretchen Hovemeyer

Cambridge, Mass.: International Tax Program, Harvard Law School,1976. Pp. xiii, 107. $7.50.

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THE CONSTITUTION AND THE CONDUCT OF FOREIGN POLICY

Edited by Francis 0. Wilcox and Richard A. Frank

New York: Praeger Publishers, 1976. Pp. xiv, 145. $12.50.

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Book Reviews, Joseph J. Norton, L. Harold Levinson

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

When considered as an installment in the unfolding of Friedmann's views, based on his earlier writings, the conclusion to the book under review is to be cherished. When considered, on the other hand, solely in context of the contributed chapters of the same volume, the conclusion does not emerge as Friedmann at his most forceful or persuasive. To find the best of Friedmann, we need only sample his prolific contributions to the law reviews, whether on the United States involvement in the Vietnam conflict, the judgment of the International Court in the South West Africa cases, the risks to humanity …

Unlawful Seizures And Irregular Rendition Devices As Alternatives To Extradition, M. Cherif Bassiouni

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Extradition is a legal device whereby a state requests from an-other the surrender of a person accused or convicted of a crime. It is one of the modes of cooperation in penal matters between states. One rationale for extradition is that all states have an obligation to cooperate in the suppression of criminality and must, therefore, surrender to each other accused and fugitive offenders. This ration-ale is based on the maxim "aut dedere aut iudicare". Extradition law and practice have been slow to recognize the rights of those persons who are the objects of its proceedings. In fact, the whole …

Case Digest, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Case Digest

1. ADMINISTRATIVE

NON-VESSEL-OPERATING COMMON CARRIERS HAVE BURDEN OF PROOF TO JUSTIFY THE REASONABLENESS OF PROPOSED RATE INCREASE IN A FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION PROCEEDING

2. ADMIRALTY

COMPARATIVE NEGLIGENCE STANDARD APPLICABLE TO THE CANAL ZONE COMPANY DOES NOT SUPERSEDE THE RULE OF DIVIDED DAMAGES BETWEEN VESSELS

FAILURE TO OBEY COMMANDS OF SHIP MASTER BECAUSE OF VOLUNTARY INTOXICATION CONSTITUTES WILLFUL DISOBEDIENCE

PREJUDGMENT INTEREST FROM DATE OF JUDICIAL DEMAND IS PROPER WHEN ORIGINAL ACTION AT LAW Is CHANGED TO ADMIRALTY BY WITHDRAWAL OF JURY DEMAND

THE PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE ALONE HAS STANDING TO BRING A WRONGFUL DEATH ACTION IN GENERAL MARITIME LAW

PERMITTING …

Book Notes: International Protection Of Human Rights, Alessandra Luini Del Russo

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Until the Nuremburg Tribunal, international thought concerning human rights conformed to the idea that the guarantor of these rights was the national sovereign. With the birth of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the need for international guarantees of human rights within a state was formally recognized; that individuals have certain inalienable human rights is a proposition which few nations will dispute today. Furthermore, despite wide ideological differences, most states have found it possible to agree on the scope and consequences of man's fundamental freedoms.

Books Received, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

G.I. RIGHTS AND ARMY JUSTICE: THE DRAFTEE'S GUIDE TO MILITARY LIFE AND LAW

By Robert S. Rivkin

New York: Grove Press, Inc., 1970. Pp. vii, 383. $1.75.

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HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL ACTION

By Ernst B. Haas

Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1970.Pp. vii, 184.

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INDIRECT TAXATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

By John F. Due

Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1970. Pp. v, 201. $9.00.

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INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE REGULATION OF THE RADIO SPECTRUM

By David M. Leive

Dobbs Ferry, N. Y.: Oceana Publications Inc., 1970. Pp. 11, 386.$16.50.

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THE WINDS OF FREEDOM

By Dean Rusk …

United States Participation In International Agreements For The Preservation Of Human Rights, A. Hamilton Cooke

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The past two decades of international legal history have been characterized by an increased emphasis upon the importance of the individual as a proper subject of international law. Revolutionary changes have occurred in the area of human rights with the completion of various declarations, covenants, and conventions aimed at the preservation of specific rights within a framework of international law. The continuing importance and relevance of this general subject was symbolized by the designation of 1968 as the International Year for Human Rights in honor of the twentieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

This paper examines the …