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- United States Constitution 4th Amendment (21)
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Articles 31 - 60 of 64
Full-Text Articles in Fourth Amendment
Recognizing The Public Schools' Authority To Discipline Students' Off-Campus Cyberbullying Of Classmates, Douglas E. Abrams
Recognizing The Public Schools' Authority To Discipline Students' Off-Campus Cyberbullying Of Classmates, Douglas E. Abrams
Faculty Publications
The American Medical Association, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have identified bullying in the public elementary and secondary schools as a "public health problem". This article explains the schools' comprehensive authority, consistent with the First Amendment, to impose discipline on cyberbullies, by suspension or expulsion if necessary. Ever since Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969), the Supreme Court's First Amendment decisions have granted the schools authority to discipline student speech that causes, or reasonably threatens, (1) "substantial disruption of or material interference with school …
Searching Cell Phones Incident To Arrest: Can Courts And Legislatures Impose Limits On A Bright Line Rule?, Adam M. Gershowitz
Searching Cell Phones Incident To Arrest: Can Courts And Legislatures Impose Limits On A Bright Line Rule?, Adam M. Gershowitz
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Orwell’S Vision: Video And The Future Of Civil Rights Enforcement, Howard M. Wasserman
Orwell’S Vision: Video And The Future Of Civil Rights Enforcement, Howard M. Wasserman
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Iphone Meets The Fourth Amendment, Adam M. Gershowitz
The Iphone Meets The Fourth Amendment, Adam M. Gershowitz
Faculty Publications
Under the search incident to arrest doctrine, police may search the entire body and immediate grabbing space of an arrestee, including the contents of all containers, without any probable cause. Because almost all traffic infractions are arrestable offenses, police have enormous opportunity to conduct such searches incident to arrest. In the near future, these already high-stakes searches will become even more important because millions of drivers will not only possess containers that hold a few scattered papers, such as wallets or briefcases, but also iPhones—capable of holding tens of thousands of pages of personal information. If current Fourth Amendment jurisprudence …
Video Evidence And Summary Judgment: The Procedure Of Scott V. Harris, Howard Wasserman
Video Evidence And Summary Judgment: The Procedure Of Scott V. Harris, Howard Wasserman
Faculty Publications
In Scott v. Harris (2007), the Supreme Court granted summary judgment on a Fourth Amendment excessive-force claim brought by a motorist injured when a pursuing law-enforcement officer terminated a high-speed pursuit by bumping the plaintiff's car. The Court relied almost exclusively on a video of the chase captured from the officer's dash-mounted camera and disregarded witness testimony that contradicted the video. In granting summary judgment in this circumstance, the Court fell sway to the myth of video evidence as able to speak for itself, as an objective, unambiguous, and singularly accurate depiction of real-world events, not subject to any interpretation …
Fourth Amendment Federalism? The Court's Vacillating Mistrust And Trust Of State Search And Seizure Laws, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Fourth Amendment Federalism? The Court's Vacillating Mistrust And Trust Of State Search And Seizure Laws, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Faith-Based Miranda: Why The New Missouri V. Seibert Police Bad Faith Test Is A Terrible Idea, Joelle A. Moreno
Faith-Based Miranda: Why The New Missouri V. Seibert Police Bad Faith Test Is A Terrible Idea, Joelle A. Moreno
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Rhetorically Reasonable Police Practices: Viewing The Supreme Court's Multiple Discourse Paths, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Rhetorically Reasonable Police Practices: Viewing The Supreme Court's Multiple Discourse Paths, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Faculty Publications
This Article analyzes the United States Supreme Court's numerous and shifting rhetorical discourse paths for declaring whether particular governmental practices constituted unreasonable searches or seizures under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. It examines how the Court has manipulated classic discourse paths arising from text, history, precedent and structure. It reveals that among and within each of these categories, the Court has created conflicting approaches. The Article argues that the Court's construction of Fourth Amendment reasonableness has depended upon which discourse paths it has selected as well as how it has characterized the values embedded within the discourse …
A Fourth Amendment "Search" In The Age Of Technology: Postmodern Perspectives, Kathryn R. Urbonya
A Fourth Amendment "Search" In The Age Of Technology: Postmodern Perspectives, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Founders’ Privacy: The Fourth Amendment And The Power Of Technological Surveillance, Raymond Shih Ray Ku
The Founders’ Privacy: The Fourth Amendment And The Power Of Technological Surveillance, Raymond Shih Ray Ku
Faculty Publications
Part I of this Article briefly discusses the history and origins of the Fourth Amendment and its relationship to the doc- trine of separation of powers. Part I argues that the central purpose of the amendment was not to define various aspects of life as private, but to guarantee that the people defined the limits of the executive's surveillance power. Part II then examines the Supreme Court's Fourth Amendment jurisprudence dealing with technology prior to Kyllo, and the problems associated with this jurisprudence. Part II argues that the Supreme Court's framing of the privacy question as whether a new search …
Determining Reasonableness Under The Fourth Amendment: Physical Force To Control And Punish Students, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Determining Reasonableness Under The Fourth Amendment: Physical Force To Control And Punish Students, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Supreme Court's 1998-1999 Term: Fourth Amendment Decisions, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Supreme Court's 1998-1999 Term: Fourth Amendment Decisions, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Public School Officials' Use Of Physical Force As A Fourth Amendment Seizure: Protecting Students From The Constitutional Chasm Between The Fourth And Fourteenth Amendments, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Public School Officials' Use Of Physical Force As A Fourth Amendment Seizure: Protecting Students From The Constitutional Chasm Between The Fourth And Fourteenth Amendments, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Fourth Amendment Issues In Section 1983 Litigation, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Fourth Amendment Issues In Section 1983 Litigation, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Deciding The Stop And Frisk Cases: A Look Inside The Supreme Court's Conference, John Q. Barrett
Deciding The Stop And Frisk Cases: A Look Inside The Supreme Court's Conference, John Q. Barrett
Faculty Publications
In our system of constitutional decision-making, the Supreme Court makes law as an institution in its formal written opinions. The Court and its individual members make their official legal marks in the printed pages of the United States Reports. In June 1968, in Terry v. Ohio and Sibron v. New York, the two decisions that approved the constitutionality under the Fourth Amendment of police stop and frisk practices, the Court filled many official pages with rich discussion. Over the ensuing thirty years, these Court and individual opinions have shaped the course of constitutional analysis in our courts and guided the …
The Street Locations: Downtown Cleveland, October 31, 1963, John Q. Barrett
The Street Locations: Downtown Cleveland, October 31, 1963, John Q. Barrett
Faculty Publications
This appendix to Deciding the Stop and Frisk Cases: A Look Inside the Supreme Court’s Conference, 72 St. John’s L. Rev. 749 (1998), consists of a map drawn by Jill Dinneen (SJU Law '99), based on Sanborn maps from the 1950s and 1960s, photographs and eyewitness descriptions of downtown Cleveland then and now; and a key to marked locations on the map.
State Of Ohio V. Richard D. Chilton And State Of Ohio V. John W. Terry: The Suppression Hearing And Trial Transcripts, John Q. Barrett
State Of Ohio V. Richard D. Chilton And State Of Ohio V. John W. Terry: The Suppression Hearing And Trial Transcripts, John Q. Barrett
Faculty Publications
This appendix to Deciding the Stop and Frisk Cases: A Look Inside the Supreme Court’s Conference, 72 St. John’s L. Rev. 749 (1998), includes Biographical Information on the Participants in the Case; and transcripts of the complete pretrial and trial proceedings in the 1964 criminal prosecutions of Richard Chilton and John Terry, arranged by Prof. Barrett to create the organization reflected in the Table of Contents at the beginning of the appendix. Footnotes were added to provide citations and, in a few instances, to clarify the text. Bracketed material was added to correct obvious slips of the tongue or the …
Introduction: Prosecutorial Ethics And The Right To A Fair Trial: The Role Of The Brady Rule In The Modern Criminal Justice System, Lewis R. Katz
Introduction: Prosecutorial Ethics And The Right To A Fair Trial: The Role Of The Brady Rule In The Modern Criminal Justice System, Lewis R. Katz
Faculty Publications
Introduction to the Introduction Symposium: Prosecutorial Ethics and the Right to a Fair Trial: The Role of the Brady Rule in the Modern Criminal Justice System, Cleveland, Ohio, 2007.
Symposium On The Fortieth Anniversary Of Mapp V. Ohio - Forward, Lewis R. Katz
Symposium On The Fortieth Anniversary Of Mapp V. Ohio - Forward, Lewis R. Katz
Faculty Publications
Foreword to the Symposium on the Fortieth Anniversary of Mapp v. Ohio, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Mapp After Forty Years: Its Impact On Race In America, Lewis R. Katz
Mapp After Forty Years: Its Impact On Race In America, Lewis R. Katz
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
United States V. Ross: Evolving Standards For Warrantless Searches, Lewis R. Katz
United States V. Ross: Evolving Standards For Warrantless Searches, Lewis R. Katz
Faculty Publications
The purpose of this Article is to examine the Ross decision and its implications for related fourth amendment areas. It will also discuss the automobile exception, the broad scope of warrantless searches, and the possible emergence of a public place-proba
Reflections On Search And Seizure And Illegally Seized Evidence In Canada And The United States, Lewis R. Katz
Reflections On Search And Seizure And Illegally Seized Evidence In Canada And The United States, Lewis R. Katz
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Terry V. Ohio At Thirty: A Revisionist View, Lewis R. Katz
Terry V. Ohio At Thirty: A Revisionist View, Lewis R. Katz
Faculty Publications
In this Article, I suggest that, while the Warren Court provided a needed tool to police, it failed to achieve its stated purpose of tying the practice to the Fourth Amendment reasonableness standard. First, the Court failed to adequately define an "investigatory stop," leading later courts to harden the definition, eliminating the Fourth Amendment from most on-the-street police-citizen encounters. Second, the facts in Terry failed to meet the reasonableness standard Chief Justice Warren purported to apply and which subsequently has been further weakened in later cases. Finally, the decision in Terry failed to strike a meaningful Fourth Amendment balance between …
The Automobile Exception Transformed: The Rise Of A Public Place Exemption To The Warrant Requirement, Lewis R. Katz
The Automobile Exception Transformed: The Rise Of A Public Place Exemption To The Warrant Requirement, Lewis R. Katz
Faculty Publications
The Supreme Court in recent years has aggressively pursued restrictions on a person's Constitutional protections from unreasonable searches and seizures. Perhaps no better example exists of the radically changing fourth amendment analysis than the automobile exception to the warrant requirement This exception allows a law enforcement official with probable cause to believe that evidence of a crime is hidden in a vehicle to search that vehicle without obtaining a search warrant This Article explores the genesis and unchecked growth of the automobile exception from a necessary outgrowth of the exigencies of protecting police officers and preventing tampering with evidence, to …
Restrictions On Law Enforcement Investigation And Prosecution Of Crime, Paul Marcus
Restrictions On Law Enforcement Investigation And Prosecution Of Crime, Paul Marcus
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Dangerous Misperceptions: Protecting Police Officers, Society, And The Fourth Amendment Right To Personal Security, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Dangerous Misperceptions: Protecting Police Officers, Society, And The Fourth Amendment Right To Personal Security, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Virtues (And Limits) Of Shared Values: The Fourth Amendment And Miranda's Concept Of Custody, Richard A. Williamson
Virtues (And Limits) Of Shared Values: The Fourth Amendment And Miranda's Concept Of Custody, Richard A. Williamson
Faculty Publications
Miranda only protects suspects who the police subject to custodial interrogation. The concept of custody is tethered to the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination; thus, to render a suspect in custody, law enforcement officials must subject the suspect to a compelling environment that tends to undermine that privilege. In this article, Professor Richard A. Williamson examines the application of Miranda to Terry stops. He reviews the impact of the Beheler and Berkemer decisions, which held that suspects who officials stop based on reasonable suspicion, as opposed to suspects who officials arrest, are not entitled to Miranda warnings. Professor Williamson generally …
"Accidental" Shootings As Fourth Amendment Seizures, Kathryn R. Urbonya
"Accidental" Shootings As Fourth Amendment Seizures, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Constitutionality Of High-Speed Pursuits Under The Fourth And Fourteenth Amendments, Kathryn R. Urbonya
The Constitutionality Of High-Speed Pursuits Under The Fourth And Fourteenth Amendments, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
“The Right Of The People To Be Secure. . .”: Toward A Metatheory Of The Fourth Amendment, Thomas E. Baker
“The Right Of The People To Be Secure. . .”: Toward A Metatheory Of The Fourth Amendment, Thomas E. Baker
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.