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Articles 871 - 900 of 1244
Full-Text Articles in Fourth Amendment
Drug Tests, Arrests & Fetuses: A Comment On The U.S. Supreme Court's Narrow Opinion In Ferguson V. City Of Charleston, Brigitte M. Nahas
Drug Tests, Arrests & Fetuses: A Comment On The U.S. Supreme Court's Narrow Opinion In Ferguson V. City Of Charleston, Brigitte M. Nahas
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
The article examines the Supreme Court's decision in Ferguson v. City of Charleston, where the Court ruled that a hospital's drug-testing policy for pregnant patients violated the Fourth Amendment. The analysis critiques the Court's narrow opinion for failing to provide clear guidance on future drug-testing policies, while emphasizing the unconstitutionality of using such policies primarily for law enforcement purposes. The author argues that the decision leaves unresolved questions about the balance between government interests and women's privacy and reproductive rights, particularly in the context of prenatal care and drug use.
Racial Profiling And Whren: Searching For Objective Evidence Of The Fourth Amendment On The Nation's Roads, Alberto B. Lopez
Racial Profiling And Whren: Searching For Objective Evidence Of The Fourth Amendment On The Nation's Roads, Alberto B. Lopez
Kentucky Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Establishing Inevitability Without Active Pursuit: Defining The Inevitable Discovery Exception To The Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule, Stephen E. Hessler
Establishing Inevitability Without Active Pursuit: Defining The Inevitable Discovery Exception To The Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule, Stephen E. Hessler
Michigan Law Review
Few doctrines of constitutional criminal procedure generate as much controversy as the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule. Beyond the basic mandate of the rule - that evidence obtained in violation of an individual's right to be secure against unreasonable search and seizure is inadmissible in a criminal proceeding - little else is agreed upon. The precise date of the exclusionary rule's inception is uncertain, but it has been applied by the judiciary for over eight decades. While the Supreme Court has emphasized that the rule is a "judicially created remedy," and not a "personal constitutional right," this characterization provokes argument as …
Wake Up And Smell The Contraband: Why Courts That Do Not Find Probable Cause Based On Odor Alone Are Wrong, Michael A. Sprow
Wake Up And Smell The Contraband: Why Courts That Do Not Find Probable Cause Based On Odor Alone Are Wrong, Michael A. Sprow
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Constitutional Law And Criminal Procedure—Media Ride-Alongs Into The Home: Can They Survive A Head-On Collision Between First And Fourth Amendment Rights? Wilson V. Layne, 526 U.S. 603 (1999), Deleith Duke Gossett
Constitutional Law And Criminal Procedure—Media Ride-Alongs Into The Home: Can They Survive A Head-On Collision Between First And Fourth Amendment Rights? Wilson V. Layne, 526 U.S. 603 (1999), Deleith Duke Gossett
University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review
No abstract provided.
Wilson, V Layne: Bans Press With Police In The Home, But Leaves Media Ride-Alongs Intact, Kathy A. Brown
Wilson, V Layne: Bans Press With Police In The Home, But Leaves Media Ride-Alongs Intact, Kathy A. Brown
West Virginia Law Review
No abstract provided.
Healing The Blind Goddess: Race And Criminal Justice, Mark D. Rosenbaum, Daniel P. Tokaji
Healing The Blind Goddess: Race And Criminal Justice, Mark D. Rosenbaum, Daniel P. Tokaji
Michigan Law Review
Once again, issues of race, ethnicity, and class within our criminal justice system have been thrust into the public spotlight. On both sides of the country, in our nation's two largest cities, police are being called to account for acts of violence directed toward poor people of color. In New York City, a West African immigrant named Amadou Diallo was killed by four white police officers, who fired forty-one bullets at the unarmed man as he stood in the vestibule of his apartment building in a poor section of the Bronx. Did race influence the officers' decisions to fire the …
Criminal Prosecution And Section 1983, Barry Scheck
Criminal Prosecution And Section 1983, Barry Scheck
Articles
The article explores the intricate relationship between criminal prosecutions of police officers and subsequent Section 1983 civil rights claims. Professor Barry C. Scheck examines how the outcomes of criminal cases significantly influence civil litigation, highlighting challenges such as the "blue wall of silence," racial profiling, and legal strategies like Monell claims. The thesis underscores the strategic importance of federal intervention and the use of pattern and practice actions to address systemic issues in law enforcement.
Supreme Court's 1998-1999 Term: Fourth Amendment Decisions, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Supreme Court's 1998-1999 Term: Fourth Amendment Decisions, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Search And Seizure – Police Searches On Public School Campuses In New Mexico – State V. Tywayne H., Michael W. Doyle
Search And Seizure – Police Searches On Public School Campuses In New Mexico – State V. Tywayne H., Michael W. Doyle
Faculty Scholarship
In State v. Tywayne H. the New Mexico Court of Appeals held that the lowered standard of reasonable suspicion that the United States Supreme Court applied to school officials in New Jersey v. T.L.O. would not apply to police officers invited onto a public school campus if the police officers conducted the search solely at their own discretion. Thus, the court held that a police officer will be held to the standard of probable causefor searches on public school campuses. Prior to Tywayne H., New Mexico courts had not addressed the standard to which police would be held when …
Transparent Adjudication And Social Science Research In Constitutional Criminal Procedure, Tracey L. Meares, Bernard Harcourt
Transparent Adjudication And Social Science Research In Constitutional Criminal Procedure, Tracey L. Meares, Bernard Harcourt
Faculty Scholarship
The October 1999 Term was a year of consolidation in the law of police investigations in constitutional criminal procedure. In four short and compact opinions – three supported by sizeable majorities and three written by the Chief Justice – the Supreme Court synthesized and consolidated its criminal procedure jurisprudence, and offered clear guidance to law enforcement officers and private citizens alike. Miranda warnings are required by the Fifth Amendment, and the police must continue to "Mirandize" citizens before conducting any custodial interrogations. Reasonable suspicion under the Fourth Amendment calls for a totality-of-the-circumstances test, and a citizen's flight from the police …
The Bill Of Rights And The Constitution: Facing The Challenge Of The Future, Stephen Wermiel
The Bill Of Rights And The Constitution: Facing The Challenge Of The Future, Stephen Wermiel
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
Filling In Some Pieces: The Supreme Court’S Criminal Law Decisions In The 1998-1999 Term, William E. Hellerstein
Filling In Some Pieces: The Supreme Court’S Criminal Law Decisions In The 1998-1999 Term, William E. Hellerstein
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Oklahoma Constitutional Law: The Future Of The Fourth Amendment In Oklahoma High Schools, Melinda Wyatt Gilliam
Oklahoma Constitutional Law: The Future Of The Fourth Amendment In Oklahoma High Schools, Melinda Wyatt Gilliam
Oklahoma Law Review
No abstract provided.
Public School Officials' Use Of Physical Force As A Fourth Amendment Seizure: Protecting Students From The Constitutional Chasm Between The Fourth And Fourteenth Amendments, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Public School Officials' Use Of Physical Force As A Fourth Amendment Seizure: Protecting Students From The Constitutional Chasm Between The Fourth And Fourteenth Amendments, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Constitutional Standards For Suspicionless Student Drug Testing: A Moving Target, Benjamin Gerald Dusing
Constitutional Standards For Suspicionless Student Drug Testing: A Moving Target, Benjamin Gerald Dusing
Kentucky Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Recovering The Original Fourth Amendment, Thomas Y. Davies
Recovering The Original Fourth Amendment, Thomas Y. Davies
Michigan Law Review
Claims regarding the original or intended meaning of constitutional texts are commonplace in constitutional argument and analysis. All such claims are subject to an implicit validity criterion - only historically authentic assertions should matter. The rub is that the original meaning commonly attributed to a constitutional text may not be authentic. The historical Fourth Amendment is a case in point. If American judges, lawyers, or law teachers were asked what the Framers intended when they adopted the Fourth Amendment, they would likely answer that the Framers intended that all searches and seizures conducted by government officers must be reasonable given …
It Is Not Right Under The Constitution To Stop And Frisk Minority People Because They Don't Look Right, L. Darnell Weeden
It Is Not Right Under The Constitution To Stop And Frisk Minority People Because They Don't Look Right, L. Darnell Weeden
University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review
No abstract provided.
Fourth Amendment Issues In Section 1983 Litigation, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Fourth Amendment Issues In Section 1983 Litigation, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Third-Party Consent Under The United States And Utah Constitutions: Should Utah Adopt The Federal Standard?, S. Matthew Cook
Third-Party Consent Under The United States And Utah Constitutions: Should Utah Adopt The Federal Standard?, S. Matthew Cook
BYU Law Review
No abstract provided.
Federal Bribery Statute And The Ethics Of Purchasing Testimony, 33 J. Marshall L. Rev. 209 (1999), Camille Knight
Federal Bribery Statute And The Ethics Of Purchasing Testimony, 33 J. Marshall L. Rev. 209 (1999), Camille Knight
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Crimes And Errors Impossible To Commit: Defining Away The Fourth Amendment - Wyoming V. Houghton, Rachel Gader-Shafran
Crimes And Errors Impossible To Commit: Defining Away The Fourth Amendment - Wyoming V. Houghton, Rachel Gader-Shafran
Cleveland State Law Review
This Note contends that the Court's decision to adopt the Houghton approach to the automobile warrant exception is problematic for three reasons. First, the Court has erroneously interpreted the historical evidence behind the creation of the Fourth Amendment. Second, the Court, by chipping away at stare decisis, is disrupting the foundations of American jurisprudence and the development of the law. Third, by creating a new lexicon, changing the meanings of the words, the Court is trying to define away the protections afforded by the Fourth Amendment. This Note will briefly summarize the facts of Houghton and review the historical purpose …
Consensual Searches, The Fairytale That Became A Nightmare: Fargo Lessons Concerning Police Initiated Encounters, Robert V. Ward Jr.
Consensual Searches, The Fairytale That Became A Nightmare: Fargo Lessons Concerning Police Initiated Encounters, Robert V. Ward Jr.
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Enforcing Family Promises: Reliance, Reciprocity, And Relational Contract, Melanie B. Leslie
Enforcing Family Promises: Reliance, Reciprocity, And Relational Contract, Melanie B. Leslie
Articles
Courts are willing, in commercial contexts, to enforce promises even without consideration when enforcement supports a norm of reciprocity-a norm which recognizes that promises are seldom totally gratuitous, but are often made in furtherance of reciprocal, long-term, trust-based relationships. In this article, Professor Leslie argues that relational contract principles are firmly embedded in wills law. Courts enforce the reciprocity norm in the family context just as they do in commercial contexts; this enforcement is seen, however, not in breach of promise suits, which occur rarely between family members, but rather in will contests. Despite the prevalent ideology of wills law, …
Suspicionless Drug Testing And Chandler V. Miller: Is The Supreme Court Making The Right Decisions, Ross H. Parr
Suspicionless Drug Testing And Chandler V. Miller: Is The Supreme Court Making The Right Decisions, Ross H. Parr
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
During the last decade, the United States Supreme Court has rendered four major decisions regarding the validity of suspicionless drug testing policies. Such drug testing policies have become a common way for employers and other interested parties-including the government-both to deter the use of drugs and to determine who is acting under the influence of illegal narcotics. Because government officials often randomly select individuals for drug testing, some of these individuals have charged that a governmental drug testing policy violates the Fourth Amendment. The Supreme Court found this argument unconvincing in three cases decided between 1989 and 1997, but in …
The Qualitative Dimension Of Fourth Amendment "Reasonableness", Sherry F. Colb
The Qualitative Dimension Of Fourth Amendment "Reasonableness", Sherry F. Colb
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
Supreme Court doctrine protects two seemingly distinct kinds of interests under the heading of privacy rights: one "substantive," the other "procedural." The Fourth Amendment guarantee against "unreasonable searches and seizures" has been generally interpreted to protect procedural privacy. Searches are typically defined as governmental inspections of activities and locations in which an individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy from observation. In the typical case, this reasonable expectation of privacy may be breached only where the government has acquired a quantitatively substantial objective basis for believing that the search would uncover evidence of a crime. Substantive privacy rights have not …
"We The People" And Our Enduring Values, Susan Bandes
"We The People" And Our Enduring Values, Susan Bandes
Michigan Law Review
Akhil Amar chides legal scholars for believing that the current system of criminal procedure, both substantive and remedial, is constitutionally compelled. He writes, "Scholars should know better, but too few of those who write in criminal procedure do serious, sustained scholarship in constitutional law generally, or in fields like federal jurisdiction and remedies" (p. 115). Amar believes, as I do, that criminal procedure has been impoverished by its failure to connect to "larger themes of constitutional, remedial and jurisdictional theory" (p. 115). But as one who has done serious, sustained scholarship in all the areas Amar mentions - or so …
Ad Hoc Adjudication: People V. Champion, Another Confusing Element In The Turmoil Following Minnesota V. Dickerson, Audra A. Dial
Ad Hoc Adjudication: People V. Champion, Another Confusing Element In The Turmoil Following Minnesota V. Dickerson, Audra A. Dial
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Off Broadway: The Supreme Court's Criminal Law Decisions In The 1996 Term Take Second Stage In An Historic Term, William E. Hellerstein
Off Broadway: The Supreme Court's Criminal Law Decisions In The 1996 Term Take Second Stage In An Historic Term, William E. Hellerstein
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Passenger Profiling: A Greater Terror Than Terrorism Itself, 32 J. Marshall L. Rev. 167 (1998), Donna Smith
Passenger Profiling: A Greater Terror Than Terrorism Itself, 32 J. Marshall L. Rev. 167 (1998), Donna Smith
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.